Grammar parses for passage 4.31.10
Open translation for this passage
πλεῖστα δέ σφισι καὶ θέας μάλιστα ἀγάλματα ἄξια τοῦ Ἀσκληπιοῦ παρέχεται τὸ ἱερόν·
ἱερόν is the neuter singular subject of παρέχεται; ἀγάλματα ἄξια is a neuter plural accusative phrase, with σφισι as its dative possessor/beneficiary and θέας dependent on ἄξια. The adverbs πλεῖστα and μάλιστα are interpreted as modifying the evaluative phrase; exact scope is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλεῖστα | πολύς | ADV | 重大? | Degree=Sup | 8 ἄξια | advmod | medium | Neuter plural superlative form used adverbially; scope may extend over ἄξια. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 παρέχεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P3Pd | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἀγάλματα | iobj | medium | Dative third-person plural pronoun; interpreted as beneficiary/possessor with ἀγάλματα. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 μάλιστα | cc | high | Coordinates the adverbial modifiers. |
| 5 | θέας | θέα | NOUN | Ncfsa | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἄξια | nmod | medium | Genitive of respect or value with ἄξια: worthy of viewing. |
| 6 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | Degree=Sup | 8 ἄξια | advmod | high | Adverbial superlative modifying ἄξια. |
| 7 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | Ncnpa | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 παρέχεται | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural object of παρέχεται. |
| 8 | ἄξια | ἄξιος | ADJ | Anpna | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγάλματα | amod | high | Agrees with ἀγάλματα; means worthy of viewing. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Dg---msg | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀσκληπιοῦ | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἀσκληπιοῦ. |
| 10 | Ἀσκληπιοῦ | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | Npmsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀγάλματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀγάλματα: statues of Asclepius. |
| 11 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V3spie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate; middle voice here has a supplying/providing sense. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Dg----na | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἱερόν | det | high | Article agreeing with ἱερόν. |
| 13 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | Ncnns | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Neuter singular subject of παρέχεται. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρέχεται | punct | high |
χωρὶς μὲν γὰρ τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ τῶν παίδων ἐστὶν ἀγάλματα, χωρὶς δὲ Ἀπόλλωνος καὶ Μουσῶν καὶ Ἡρακλέους·
The sentence has two coordinated χωρὶς phrases; ἐστὶν agrees with the neuter plural subject ἀγάλματα and is understood across the second coordinated phrase. The genitives after χωρὶς are governed complements; θεοῦ may be the generic divine referent, while the named gods form the second set.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χωρὶς | χωρίς | ADP | ADV | _ | 10 ἀγάλματα | case | high | Used as a preposition governing genitive complements. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 下 | _ | 1 χωρὶς | advmod | high | Correlative particle paired with δέ. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἀγάλματα | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 χωρὶς | obl | high | Genitive complement of χωρίς. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 θεοῦ | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive complements. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 παίδων | det | high | |
| 8 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 θεοῦ | conj | high | Second genitive complement coordinated with θεοῦ. |
| 9 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἀγάλματα | cop | high | Copula with neuter plural ἀγάλματα; singular is regular with a neuter plural subject. |
| 10 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate/subject nucleus; the second χωρὶς phrase shares the verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀγάλματα | punct | high | |
| 12 | χωρὶς | χωρίς | ADP | ADV | _ | 10 ἀγάλματα | case | high | Second coordinated prepositional phrase. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 χωρὶς | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 14 | Ἀπόλλωνος | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 χωρὶς | obl | high | Genitive complement of the second χωρίς. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Ἀπόλλωνος | cc | high | Coordinates named genitive complements. |
| 16 | Μουσῶν | Μοῦσα | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 Ἀπόλλωνος | conj | high | Genitive plural coordinated with Ἀπόλλωνος. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Ἀπόλλωνος | cc | high | Coordinates the final named genitive complement. |
| 18 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀπόλλωνος | conj | high | Final genitive complement coordinated with Ἀπόλλωνος. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀγάλματα | punct | high |
πόλις τε ἡ Θηβαίων καὶ Ἐπαμινώνδας ὁ Κλεόμμιδος Τύχη τε καὶ Ἄρτεμις Φωσφόρος,
Elliptical nominal enumeration, likely governed by omitted copular or introductory syntax; nominative names are coordinated, with Θηβαίων and Κλεόμμιδος as genitive modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated nominative subject/predicate noun in an elliptical nominal clause. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c | _ | 1 πόλις | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Θηβαίων | det | high | |
| 4 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πόλις | nmod | high | Genitive plural ethnic name modifying πόλις. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 1 πόλις | cc | high | Coordinates the following nominative phrase. |
| 6 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πόλις | conj | high | Coordinated nominative name. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κλεόμμιδος | det | high | |
| 8 | Κλεόμμιδος | Κλεόμμις | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἐπαμινώνδας | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying Ἐπαμινώνδας. |
| 9 | Τύχη | Τύχη | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 πόλις | conj | high | Third coordinated nominative name. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c | _ | 9 Τύχη | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator within the final coordination. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c | _ | 9 Τύχη | cc | high | Coordinates the final nominative phrase. |
| 12 | Ἄρτεμις | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Τύχη | conj | high | Coordinated nominative divine name. |
| 13 | Φωσφόρος | Φωσφόρος | PROPN | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἄρτεμις | appos | medium | Epithet/appositional name agreeing with Ἄρτεμις; morphologically adjective used substantivally. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πόλις | punct | high |
τὰ μὲν δὴ τοῦ λίθου Δαμοφῶν αὐτοῖς εἰργάσατο---Μεσσήνιον δὲ ὅτι μὴ τοῦτον ἄλλον γε οὐδένα λόγου ποιήσαντα ἀξίως οἶδα ἀγάλματα---,
The second dash-delimited segment is syntactically compressed: οἶδα is parenthetic, while Μεσσήνιον and ἀγάλματα involve an elliptical/uncertain construction; the analysis marks the most plausible dependencies without forcing a finite clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T---NPA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 εἰργάσατο | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | RP | _ | 8 εἰργάσατο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | RP | _ | 8 εἰργάσατο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 λίθου | det | high | |
| 5 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τὰ | nmod | medium | Genitive relation to τὰ, likely ‘the parts/details concerning the stone’. |
| 6 | Δαμοφῶν | Δαμοφῶν | PROPN | Ne-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἰργάσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-----3PD- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 8 εἰργάσατο | iobj | high | Dative of the persons for whom the work was made. |
| 8 | εἰργάσατο | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἰργάσατο | punct | high | Dash. |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἰργάσατο | punct | high | Dash. |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἰργάσατο | punct | high | Dash. |
| 12 | Μεσσήνιον | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 οἶδα | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, object of οἶδα: ‘a Messenian’. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 23 οἶδα | cc | high | Adversative connective. |
| 14 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C---- | _ | 23 οἶδα | mark | medium | Conjunction introducing an explanatory/content clause; construction is compressed. |
| 15 | μὴ | μή | PART | RP | Polarity=Neg | 21 ποιήσαντα | advmod | medium | Negates the participial phrase. |
| 16 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | P----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 ἄλλον | det | high | |
| 17 | ἄλλον | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ποιήσαντα | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, object of ποιήσαντα; with τοῦτον, ‘another [than this one]’. |
| 18 | γε | γε | PART | RP | _ | 17 ἄλλον | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 19 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | PRON | P----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 ποιήσαντα | obj | medium | Negative pronoun, coordinated/stacked with ἄλλον in the compressed idiom. |
| 20 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ποιήσαντα | obl | medium | Genitive of consideration/respect with ποιέω, ‘making mention’. |
| 21 | ποιήσαντα | ποιέω | VERB | V--AAPASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 οἶδα | advcl | medium | Accusative participle in an object-oriented/compressed construction dependent on οἶδα. |
| 22 | ἀξίως | ἀξίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ποιήσαντα | advmod | high | ‘Worthily/deservedly’, modifying ποιήσαντα. |
| 23 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V1SRAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 εἰργάσατο | parataxis | medium | Perfect-form verb with present meaning; parenthetic assertion ‘I know’. |
| 24 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N----NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 οἶδα | nsubj | low | Likely nominative subject of an understood/copular or elliptical clause: ‘statues [of whom he made mention]’; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 οἶδα | punct | high | Dash. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 οἶδα | punct | high | Dash. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 οἶδα | punct | high | Dash. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 οἶδα | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ εἰκὼν τοῦ Ἐπαμινώνδου ἐκ σιδήρου τέ ἐστι καὶ ἔργον ἄλλου, οὐ τούτου.
The copular predicate coordinates material (ἐκ σιδήρου) and attribution/origin (ἔργον ἄλλου), with οὐ τούτου forming an elliptical contrast: ‘not [the work] of this man.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 εἰκὼν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἐπαμινώνδου | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐπαμινώνδου | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 σιδήρου | case | high | |
| 7 | σιδήρου | σίδηρος | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστι | obl | high | Material complement of the copular clause. |
| 8 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐστι | cc | high | Correlative with καί. |
| 9 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἔργον | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate nominal. |
| 11 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with omitted/copular coordination. |
| 12 | ἄλλου | ἄλλος | ADJ | A----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 11 ἔργον | nmod | high | Substantival genitive: ‘of another [man].’ |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 τούτου | punct | high | |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 τούτου | advmod | high | Negates the elliptical predicate. |
| 15 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | P---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 11 ἔργον | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on omitted/repeated ἔργον: ‘of this man’; ellipsis makes attachment structurally uncertain. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστι | punct | high |