Grammar parses for passage 4.31.9
Open translation for this passage
πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Εἰλειθυίας Μεσσηνίοις ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα λίθου,
Perfect middle/passive πεποίηται is impersonal/passive (‘has been made’), with ναός and ἄγαλμα as coordinated nominative subjects; Εἰλειθυία is a genitive dedication/name complement, and Μεσσηνίοις is a dative of reference/association.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 πεποίηται | advmod | high | Here additive, introducing the coordinated nominal subject phrase. |
| 4 | Εἰλειθυίας | Εἰλείθυια | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ναὸς | nmod | medium | Genitive of the deity whose temple/statue is meant; exact attachment within the coordinated phrase is somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πεποίηται | iobj | high | Dative of reference/association: for or among the Messenians. |
| 6 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πεποίηται | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ναὸς | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ναὸς | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject with ναός; neuter singular form. |
| 9 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive of material. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high |
πλησίον δὲ Κουρήτων μέγαρον, ἔνθα ζῷα τὰ πάντα ὁμοίως καθαγίζουσιν· ἀρξάμενοι γὰρ ἀπὸ βοῶν τε καὶ αἰγῶν καταβαίνουσιν ἐς τοὺς ὄρνιθας ἀφιέντες ἐς τὴν φλόγα.
The passage begins with a verbless nominal clause (μέγαρον) followed by an ἔνθα relative/descriptive clause; the coordinated καταβαίνουσιν and participles describe a descending sacrificial sequence from cattle and goats to birds, releasing them into the flame.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 μέγαρον | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 μέγαρον | cc | high | |
| 3 | Κουρήτων | Κουρῆτες | PROPN | N-——GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 μέγαρον | nmod | high | Genitive of proximity/location. |
| 4 | μέγαρον | μέγαρον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Nominal verbless clause: 'there is a megaron'. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 μέγαρον | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 11 καθαγίζουσιν | advmod | high | Relative adverb introducing the descriptive clause. |
| 7 | ζῷα | ζῷον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 καθαγίζουσιν | obj | medium | Neuter plural object of καθαγίζουσιν. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ζῷα | det | high | |
| 9 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ζῷα | amod | high | Predicative/quantifying adjective with ζῷα. |
| 10 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | ADV | _ | 11 καθαγίζουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | καθαγίζουσιν | καθαγίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 μέγαρον | acl:relcl | medium | Finite verb of the ἔνθα clause; subject is understood attendants/performers. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καθαγίζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀρξάμενοι | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 20 καταβαίνουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, subject co-referential with καταβαίνουσιν. |
| 14 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 20 καταβαίνουσιν | discourse | high | |
| 15 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 βοῶν | case | high | |
| 16 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἀρξάμενοι | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἀπό. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 βοῶν | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 αἰγῶν | cc | high | Second coordinator in τε ... καί. |
| 19 | αἰγῶν | αἴξ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἀρξάμενοι | obl | high | Coordinated with βοῶν under ἀπό. |
| 20 | καταβαίνουσιν | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 καθαγίζουσιν | conj | high | Coordinates with καθαγίζουσιν; subject is understood. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 ὄρνιθας | case | high | |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ὄρνιθας | det | high | |
| 23 | ὄρνιθας | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 καταβαίνουσιν | obl | high | Endpoint of the descending sacrificial sequence. |
| 24 | ἀφιέντες | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 καταβαίνουσιν | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle; understood subject is the same as καταβαίνουσιν. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 φλόγα | case | high | |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 φλόγα | det | high | |
| 27 | φλόγα | φλόξ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἀφιέντες | obl | high | Destination of ἀφιέντες. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 καταβαίνουσιν | punct | high |
καὶ Δήμητρος ἱερὸν Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν ἅγιον καὶ Διοσκούρων ἀγάλματα φέροντες τὰς Λευκίππου·
The first predication is clear: Δήμητρος ἱερὸν Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν ἅγιον. The coordinated phrase beginning Διοσκούρων is syntactically difficult, especially φέροντες τὰς Λευκίππου, so the analysis is provisional.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Δήμητρος | Δήμητρα | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἱερὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἱερόν. |
| 3 | ἱερὸν | ἱερός | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, subject of ἐστίν. |
| 4 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστὶν | iobj | high | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἅγιον | ἅγιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἀγάλματα | cc | high | Coordinates the second predication. |
| 8 | Διοσκούρων | Διόσκουροι | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Dual | 9 ἀγάλματα | nmod | medium | Genitive plural/dual-form name; analyzed as dependent on ἀγάλματα. |
| 9 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Second coordinated subject/predication; semantic construction is elliptical or textually difficult. |
| 10 | φέροντες | φέρω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἀγάλματα | acl | medium | Present active participle; its attachment and interpretation are uncertain in this transmitted wording. |
| 11 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 Λευκίππου | det | high | |
| 12 | Λευκίππου | Λευκίππη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φέροντες | obj | low | Form τὰς Λευκίππου is syntactically problematic; likely reflects a missing or elliptical noun/altered text. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
καί μοι καὶ ταῦτα ἐν τοῖς προτέροις ἐστὶν ἤδη δεδηλωμένα, ὡς οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τοὺς Τυνδάρεω παῖδας ἀμφισβητοῦσιν αὑτοῖς καὶ οὐ Λακεδαιμονίοις προσήκειν.
The ὡς-clause is an accusative-and-infinitive content/explanatory clause dependent on δεδηλωμένα: Μεσσήνιοι is the subject of ἀμφισβητοῦσιν, while προσήκειν shares the understood subject τοὺς Τυνδάρεω παῖδας and is coordinated by καί under οὐ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 10 δεδηλωμένα | cc | high | |
| 2 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1s | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 10 δεδηλωμένα | iobj | medium | Dative of reference. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 4 ταῦτα | cc | high | |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-npa | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 10 δεδηλωμένα | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural subject of the periphrastic passive construction. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 7 προτέροις | case | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 προτέροις | det | high | |
| 7 | προτέροις | πρότερος | ADJ | A-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 δεδηλωμένα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘earlier [things/passages].’ |
| 8 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 δεδηλωμένα | aux:pass | high | Auxiliary of the periphrastic perfect passive. |
| 9 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 δεδηλωμένα | advmod | high | |
| 10 | δεδηλωμένα | δηλόω | VERB | V-prpna--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Periphrastic perfect passive: ‘have already been made clear.’ |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 δεδηλωμένα | punct | high | |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 δεδηλωμένα | mark | medium | Introduces explanatory/content clause with accusative-and-infinitive syntax. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 14 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Npmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 18 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 16 | Τυνδάρεω | Τυνδάρεως | PROPN | Npms | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 17 παῖδας | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic/possessive: ‘the children of Tyndareus.’ |
| 17 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀμφισβητοῦσιν and understood subject of προσήκειν. |
| 18 | ἀμφισβητοῦσιν | ἀμφισβητέω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 δεδηλωμένα | ccomp | high | Finite verb in the ὡς-clause. |
| 19 | αὑτοῖς | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | Px-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 18 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν | iobj | high | Dative of claim/association, ‘for themselves.’ |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 23 προσήκειν | cc | high | |
| 21 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 23 προσήκειν | advmod | high | |
| 22 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Npmp | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|NameType=Geo|Number=Plur | 23 προσήκειν | iobj | high | Dative complement of προσήκειν, ‘belong to the Lacedaemonians.’ |
| 23 | προσήκειν | προσήκω | VERB | V--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἀμφισβητοῦσιν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive, with shared accusative subject/object παῖδας. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 δεδηλωμένα | punct | high |