Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.31.8

Sentence 1

4.31.8 sentence 1

Tokens: 10
Input: 658
Output: 816
Total: 1,474

πᾶσαι καὶ ἄνδρες ἰδίᾳ θεῶν μάλιστα ἄγουσιν ἐν τιμῇ·

The sentence is elliptical: πᾶσαι likely agrees with an omitted feminine subject (e.g. πόλεις), while ἄνδρες is a coordinated nominative subject; θεῶν is a partitive/genitive complement with μάλιστα, and ἰδίᾳ is an adverbial modifier meaning individually/separately.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πᾶσαι	πᾶς	ADJ	A--NFP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	7 ἄγουσιν	nsubj	medium	Likely nominative feminine plural subject with an omitted noun; coordination/ellipsis is syntactically difficult.
2	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἄνδρες	cc	high	Coordinates πᾶσαι and ἄνδρες.
3	ἄνδρες	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-----NP-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἄγουσιν	nsubj	high	Coordinated nominative subject.
4	ἰδίᾳ	ἴδιος	ADV	D--------	_	7 ἄγουσιν	advmod	medium	Adverbial use of the feminine dative singular, meaning individually or separately.
5	θεῶν	θεός	NOUN	N-----GP-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 μάλιστα	nmod	medium	Partitive or superlative-related genitive: among the gods.
6	μάλιστα	μάλα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	7 ἄγουσιν	advmod	high	Superlative adverb modifying ἄγουσιν.
7	ἄγουσιν	ἄγω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite predicate, ‘they hold/esteem’; subject coordination is elliptical.
8	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	9 τιμῇ	case	high	Preposition governing τιμῇ.
9	τιμῇ	τιμή	NOUN	N-----DS-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἄγουσιν	obl	high	Prepositional oblique complement: ἐν τιμῇ, ‘in honor.’
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἄγουσιν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

4.31.8 sentence 3

Tokens: 33
Input: 888
Output: 2,460
Total: 3,348

τρία δὲ ἄλλα ἐπὶ τούτοις συνετέλεσεν ἐς δόξαν, μέγεθός τε τοῦ ναοῦ τὰ παρὰ πᾶσιν ἀνθρώποις κατασκευάσματα ὑπερηρκότος καὶ Ἐφεσίων τῆς πόλεως ἡ ἀκμὴ καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ τὸ ἐπιφανὲς τῆς θεοῦ.

The subject of συνετέλεσεν is τρία ἄλλα, with ἐπὶ τούτοις marking addition and ἐς δόξαν the result. The three following nominative/nominal clauses are coordinated explanatory subjects/appositives: μέγεθος (with a genitive absolute-like participial modifier ὑπερηρκότος agreeing with μέγεθος), ἡ ἀκμή, and τὸ ἐπιφανές.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τρία	τρεῖς	NUM	形容詞 αριθμητικό	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 συνετέλεσεν	nsubj	high	Neuter plural numeral functioning substantivally.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 συνετέλεσεν	cc	high
3	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A--NP--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 τρία	amod	high	Substantivized adjective, coordinated semantically with τρία.
4	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	5 τούτοις	case	high	Takes the dative here.
5	τούτοις	οὗτος	PRON	D-DPNPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 συνετέλεσεν	obl	high
6	συνετέλεσεν	συντελέω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Aspect=Aor\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Singular agrees with understood collective/partitive construction despite neuter plural subject.
7	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	8 δόξαν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
8	δόξαν	δόξα	NOUN	N-AFA-S--	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 συνετέλεσεν	obl	high	Result/purpose complement.
9	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	6 συνετέλεσεν	punct	high
10	μέγεθός	μέγεθος	NOUN	N-NNN-S--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 συνετέλεσεν	nsubj	medium	First explanatory nominative item, coordinated conceptually with the following clauses.
11	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 μέγεθός	cc	high	Correlative coordination begins here.
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	S--GGM-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ναοῦ	det	high
13	ναοῦ	ναός	NOUN	N-GGM-S--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 μέγεθός	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on μέγεθος.
14	τὰ	ὁ	DET	S--NNA-P-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 κατασκευάσματα	det	high
15	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	P	_	16 πᾶσιν	case	high	With dative, ‘among/all over’.
16	πᾶσιν	πᾶς	ADJ	A--DPN-P-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ἀνθρώποις	amod	high
17	ἀνθρώποις	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N-DPM-P---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 κατασκευάσματα	obl	high	Dative complement of παρά.
18	κατασκευάσματα	κατασκεύασμα	NOUN	N-NNA-P--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ὑπερηρκότος	nsubj	medium	Subject of the participle; the construction describes the temple's size as surpassing all human constructions.
19	ὑπερηρκότος	ὑπεραίρω	VERB	V-RAPN-SGM	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	10 μέγεθός	acl	low	Form is morphologically genitive masculine singular and does not straightforwardly agree with κατασκευάσματα; likely textual/orthographic irregularity or an elliptical genitive construction. Syntactic attachment to μέγεθος is tentative.
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 μέγεθός	cc	high	Coordinates the explanatory nominative constituents.
21	Ἐφεσίων	Ἐφέσιος	PROPN	N--GPM-P--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ἀκμὴ	nmod	high	Ethnic genitive modifying the city's prosperity/prime.
22	τῆς	ὁ	DET	S--GFA-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 πόλεως	det	high
23	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-GFA-S--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἀκμὴ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἀκμή, specifying the city.
24	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S--NF-S--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἀκμὴ	det	high
25	ἀκμὴ	ἀκμή	NOUN	N-NFN-S--	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 συνετέλεσεν	nsubj	high	Second coordinated explanatory nominative.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 ἀκμὴ	cc	high	Coordinates the third explanatory nominative.
27	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	28 αὐτῇ	case	high	Takes the dative pronoun.
28	αὐτῇ	αὐτός	PRON	P-DPF-S--	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	30 ἐπιφανὲς	obl	high	Refers to the city (πόλις).
29	τὸ	ὁ	DET	S--NNA-S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 ἐπιφανὲς	det	high	Article with substantivized adjective.
30	ἐπιφανὲς	ἐπιφανής	ADJ	A--NN--S-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 συνετέλεσεν	nsubj	high	Third coordinated explanatory nominative, substantivized.
31	τῆς	ὁ	DET	S--GFA-S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 θεοῦ	det	high
32	θεοῦ	θεός	NOUN	N-GFA-S--	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	30 ἐπιφανὲς	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἐπιφανές, ‘the goddess's prominence/manifestness’.
33	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	6 συνετέλεσεν	punct	high

Passage 4.31.8