Grammar parses for passage 4.31.7
Open translation for this passage
Δαμοφῶντος δέ ἐστι τούτου καὶ ἡ Λαφρία καλουμένη παρὰ Μεσσηνίοις·
The genitive Δαμοφῶντος is a genitive of possession/source with ἐστι; τούτου resumes the possessor, and ἡ Λαφρία καλουμένη is the subject. παρὰ with the dative means “among/by the Messenians.”
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαμοφῶντος | Δαμοφῶν | PROPN | NE-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστι | nmod:poss | high | Personal name in the genitive, expressing possession/source with ἐστι. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-P 고? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb; finite predicate. |
| 4 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δαμοφῶντος | nmod | medium | Genitive demonstrative, anaphoric to Δαμοφῶντος; linked as a dependent within the possessive phrase. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 Λαφρία | cc | high | Coordinates this clause with preceding material. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Λαφρία | det | high | Article agreeing with Λαφρία. |
| 7 | Λαφρία | Λαφρία | PROPN | Ne-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Name of the object/personified entity functioning as the nominative subject. |
| 8 | καλουμένη | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPNFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 Λαφρία | acl | high | Present passive participle, agreeing with Λαφρία: “called.” |
| 9 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Μεσσηνίοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative here. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καλουμένη | obl | high | Dative plural of the ethnic name, complement of παρὰ: “among the Messenians.” |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
σέβεσθαι δέ σφισιν ἀπὸ τοιοῦδε αὐτὴν καθέστηκε.
The syntax is compressed: καθέστηκε governs αὐτήν and the complementary infinitive σέβεσθαι; ἀπὸ τοιοῦδε is an ablatival/source phrase, with τοιοῦδε substantivized and its antecedent elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σέβεσθαι | σέβομαι | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 καθέστηκε | xcomp | high | Present middle infinitive, complementary to καθέστηκε. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 καθέστηκε | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 σέβεσθαι | iobj | high | Third-person plural dative pronoun, ethical/possessive dative with σέβεσθαι. |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 5 τοιοῦδε | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | τοιοῦδε | τοιοῦδε | PRON | D-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 καθέστηκε | obl | medium | Genitive neuter demonstrative substantivized after ἀπό; exact antecedent elliptical. |
| 6 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 καθέστηκε | obj | high | Accusative feminine pronoun, object of καθέστηκε in the causative/establishing sense. |
| 7 | καθέστηκε | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active indicative; context may support an established/ordained sense, with σέβεσθαι as complementary infinitive. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 καθέστηκε | punct | high |
Καλυδωνίοις ἡ Ἄρτεμις---ταύτην γὰρ θεῶν μάλιστα ἔσεβον--- ἐπίκλησιν εἶχε Λαφρία·
Main clause: ἡ Ἄρτεμις ... ἐπίκλησιν εἶχε Λαφρία. The parenthetical ταύτην γὰρ ... ἔσεβον has an understood subject Καλυδωνίοις; Λαφρία is the epithet/name apposed to ἐπίκλησιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καλυδωνίοις | Καλυδώνιος | ADJ | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἄρτεμις | iobj | high | Dative of the inhabitants/persons to whom Artemis had the epithet. |
| 2 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἄρτεμις | det | high | |
| 3 | Ἄρτεμις | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 εἶχε | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶχε. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | punct | high | Dash delimiting the parenthetical clause. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | punct | high | Dash delimiting the parenthetical clause. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | punct | high | Dash delimiting the parenthetical clause. |
| 7 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔσεβον | obj | high | Object of ἔσεβον; refers to Artemis. |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G---- | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 9 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 μάλιστα | obl | medium | Partitive genitive with μάλιστα, 'most of the gods'; θεός is morphologically masculine but semantically mixed/generic. |
| 10 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἔσεβον. |
| 11 | ἔσεβον | σέβω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 εἶχε | parataxis | high | Parenthetical imperfect, with omitted understood subject Καλυδωνίοις. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | punct | high | Dash delimiting the parenthetical clause. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | punct | high | Dash delimiting the parenthetical clause. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔσεβον | punct | high | Dash delimiting the parenthetical clause. |
| 15 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 εἶχε | obj | high | Accusative predicate/object complement naming the epithet. |
| 16 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | Λαφρία | Λαφρία | PROPN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπίκλησιν | appos | medium | Name of the epithet; formally nominative despite its appositional relation to ἐπίκλησιν. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 εἶχε | punct | high |
Μεσσηνίων δὲ οἱ λαβόντες Ναύπακτον παρὰ Ἀθηναίων---τηνικαῦτα γὰρ Αἰτωλίας ἐγγύτατα ᾤκουν---παρὰ Καλυδωνίων ἔλαβον.
The article οἱ plus λαβόντες forms a substantivized participial subject; the parenthetical imperfect clause ᾤκουν explains their location at that time.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 λαβόντες | nsubj | high | Genitive subject/possessive dependent with the substantivized participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἔλαβον | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 λαβόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 4 | λαβόντες | λαμβάνω | VERB | VAAP-PNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἔλαβον | nsubj | high | Substantivized aorist participle, subject of ἔλαβον. |
| 5 | Ναύπακτον | Ναύπακτος | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 λαβόντες | obj | high | |
| 6 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 7 Ἀθηναίων | case | high | With genitive, source/from. |
| 7 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 λαβόντες | obl | high | Source complement of λαβόντες. |
| 8 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λαβόντες | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λαβόντες | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 10 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 λαβόντες | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 11 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D | _ | 15 ᾤκουν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, 'at that time'. |
| 12 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ᾤκουν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 13 | Αἰτωλίας | Αἰτωλία | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγγύτατα | obl | medium | Genitive with ἐγγύτατα, marking the comparison/reference. |
| 14 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-SUP | Degree=Sup | 15 ᾤκουν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, 'nearest'; governs the genitive Αἰτωλίας. |
| 15 | ᾤκουν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 λαβόντες | advcl | high | Imperfect explanatory parenthetical clause. |
| 16 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ᾤκουν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ᾤκουν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ᾤκουν | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 20 Καλυδωνίων | case | high | With genitive, source/from. |
| 20 | Καλυδωνίων | Καλυδώνιος | PROPN | N--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔλαβον | obl | high | Source complement of ἔλαβον. |
| 21 | ἔλαβον | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔλαβον | punct | high |
τὸ σχῆμα ἑτέρωθι δηλώσω.
Simple transitive clause: σχῆμα is the neuter subject/topic and δηλώσω is first-person future active; ἑτέρωθι is a locative adverbial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 σχῆμα | det | high | |
| 2 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 δηλώσω | obj | high | Accusative object of δηλώσω. |
| 3 | ἑτέρωθι | ἑτέρωθι | ADV | D | _ | 4 δηλώσω | advmod | high | Locative adverb meaning ‘elsewhere’; exact adverbial subtype is not encoded. |
| 4 | δηλώσω | δηλόω | VERB | V-FAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | . | . | PUNCT | . | _ | 4 δηλώσω | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν δὴ τῆς Λαφρίας ἀφίκετο ὄνομα ἔς τε Μεσσηνίους καὶ ἐς Πατρεῖς Ἀχαιῶν μόνους, Ἐφεσίαν δὲ Ἄρτεμιν πόλεις τε νομίζουσιν αἱ
The sentence ends mid-construction at αἱ. The δέ clause is coordinated with the preceding ἀφίκετο clause, but the placement of πόλεις τε αἱ and the missing continuation make the final dependencies somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart δέ follows. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | -------- | _ | 6 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Λαφρίας | det | high | |
| 5 | Λαφρίας | Λάφρια | PROPN | Ne----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὄνομα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὄνομα. |
| 6 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3SAMI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, with ὄνομα as subject. |
| 7 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 10 Μεσσηνίους | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκετο | obl | medium | Accusative governed by εἰς; destination/extension of ἀφίκετο. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the second prepositional phrase with the first. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Πατρεῖς | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 13 | Πατρεῖς | Πατρεύς | PROPN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀφίκετο | obl | medium | Accusative governed by ἐς; coordinated destination. |
| 14 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Πατρεῖς | nmod | high | Genitive attribute, Πατρεῖς Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 15 | μόνους | μόνος | ADJ | A----APM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Πατρεῖς | amod | medium | Predicative/limiting adjective with Πατρεῖς; agreement is masculine plural accusative. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ἐφεσίαν | Ἐφέσιος | ADJ | A----ASF- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Ἄρτεμιν | amod | high | Ephesian Artemis. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 22 νομίζουσιν | cc | high | Contrasts the following clause with the μέν clause. |
| 19 | Ἄρτεμιν | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 νομίζουσιν | obj | high | |
| 20 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 νομίζουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of νομίζουσιν. |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 20 πόλεις | cc | high | Coordinates πόλεις with the following subject αἱ. |
| 22 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | V3PAPI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἀφίκετο | conj | medium | Finite verb in the μέν ... δέ coordination; the sentence appears textually truncated. |
| 23 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 πόλεις | det | high | Likely determiner for πόλεις; token sequence is truncated or has an unresolved continuation. |