Grammar parses for passage 4.32.1
Open translation for this passage
τὸ δὲ ὀνομαζόμενον παρὰ Μεσσηνίων ἱεροθέσιον ἔχει μὲν θεῶν ἀγάλματα ὁπόσους νομίζουσιν Ἕλληνες, ἔχει δὲ χαλκῆν εἰκόνα Ἐπαμινώνδου.
The neuter article and participle form the subject ‘the place called by the Messenians’; ἱεροθέσιον is its predicate nominative. ὁπόσους is an object-linked relative modifying ἀγάλματα, with its number/masculine form understood substantivally as ‘as many gods as the Greeks regard [as gods]’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὀνομαζόμενον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὀνομαζόμενον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPM-SNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Attributive/passive participle with τὸ; subject of ἔχει. |
| 4 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ὀνομαζόμενον | obl | high | Genitive of agent with passive ὀνομαζόμενον. |
| 6 | ἱεροθέσιον | ἱεροθέσιον | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὀνομαζόμενον | appos | medium | Predicate/appositional noun for the substantival neuter participial phrase. |
| 7 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 7 ἔχει | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ in token 16. |
| 9 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀγάλματα | nmod | high | Partitive/specifying genitive with ἀγάλματα. |
| 10 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 11 | ὁπόσους | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 12 νομίζουσιν | obj | medium | Relative quantifier; masculine agrees with understood θεούς, while ἀγάλματα is neuter. |
| 12 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἀγάλματα | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause modifying the quantified object/content associated with ἀγάλματα. |
| 13 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 νομίζουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔχει | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 ἔχει | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate in the μέν...δέ construction. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἔχει | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν in token 8. |
| 17 | χαλκῆν | χάλκεος | ADJ | A-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 εἰκόνα | amod | high | |
| 18 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 19 | Ἐπαμινώνδου | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 εἰκόνα | nmod | high | Possessive/identifying genitive: image of Epaminondas. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔχει | punct | high |
κεῖνται δὲ καὶ ἀρχαῖοι τρίποδες· ἀπύρους αὐτοὺς καλεῖ Ὅμηρος.
Two coordinated clauses: κεῖνται takes ἀρχαῖοι τρίποδες as subject; καλεῖ takes Ὅμηρος as subject and αὐτούς as object, with ἀπύρους as object-oriented predicative adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PI-3P-M | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 κεῖνται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἀπύρους | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 4 | ἀρχαῖοι | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τρίποδες | amod | high | |
| 5 | τρίποδες | τρίπους | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἀπύρους | ἄπυρος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καλεῖ | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative adjective agreeing with αὐτούς. |
| 8 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 καλεῖ | obj | high | |
| 9 | καλεῖ | καλέω | VERB | V-PI-3S-A | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second independent clause after the semicolon; analyzed as a coordinated root. |
| 10 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 καλεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 καλεῖ | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἀγάλματα τὰ ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ ποιήματά ἐστιν ἀνδρῶν Αἰγυπτίων , Ἑρμῆς καὶ Ἡρακλῆς τε καὶ Θησεύς.
Predicate nominative ποιήματα governs the subject τὰ ἀγάλματα; the following names are appositional/epexegetic identifiers of the Egyptian men, with coordinated nominatives. The second τὰ introduces the attributive relative-like participial phrase ἐν τῷ γυμνασίῳ (locative PP).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-........ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἀγάλματα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀγάλματα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀγάλματα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--NNP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-........ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἀγάλματα | det | high | Attributive article introducing the locative modifier. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 γυμνασίῳ | case | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-SMD---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 γυμνασίῳ | det | high | |
| 7 | γυμνασίῳ | γυμνάσιον | NOUN | N-SND---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἀγάλματα | nmod | high | Locative complement of ἐν. |
| 8 | ποιήματά | ποίημα | NOUN | N--NNP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative; xcomp used for a nominal predicate. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V--PIA3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular agreement is common with a neuter plural subject. |
| 10 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GMP---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ποιήματά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ποιήματα: works/creations of men. |
| 11 | Αἰγυπτίων | Αἰγύπτιος | ADJ | A-GMP---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνδρῶν | amod | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 Ἑρμῆς | punct | high | |
| 13 | Ἑρμῆς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνδρῶν | appos | medium | Appositional name identifying one of the men; syntactically coordinated name-list follows. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Ἑρμῆς | cc | high | |
| 15 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἑρμῆς | conj | high | |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 Ἡρακλῆς | cc | high | Correlative/postpositive coordinator. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Θησεύς | cc | high | |
| 18 | Θησεύς | Θησεύς | PROPN | N--NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἡρακλῆς | conj | high | Third coordinated name. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τούτους μὲν δὴ τοῖς πᾶσιν Ἕλλησι καὶ ἤδη τῶν βαρβάρων πολλοῖς περί τε γυμνάσια καὶ ἐν παλαίστραις καθέστηκεν ἔχειν ἐν τιμῇ·
The construction καθέστηκεν ἔχειν means 'has become established to hold [them] in honor'; the coordinated dative groups identify the communities, while περί γυμνάσια and ἐν παλαίστραις are somewhat elliptical/semantically parallel adjuncts.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | PD-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἔχειν | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object of the infinitive; likely the persons referred to contextually. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 τούτους | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 καθέστηκεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἕλλησι | det | high | |
| 5 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Ἕλλησι | amod | high | |
| 6 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-D-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 καθέστηκεν | iobj | medium | Dative of the people for whom the practice is established/recognized. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 πολλοῖς | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 11 πολλοῖς | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DA-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 10 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πολλοῖς | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: 'of the barbarians'. |
| 11 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 καθέστηκεν | iobj | medium | Second dative group coordinated with Ἕλλησι; πολλοῖς is substantivized. |
| 12 | περί | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 γυμνάσια | case | high | With accusative γυμνάσια. |
| 13 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 γυμνάσια | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 14 | γυμνάσια | γυμνάσιον | NOUN | N-A-PA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 καθέστηκεν | obl | medium | Accusative with περί; the phrase likely means 'concerning gymnasia'. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 παλαίστραις | cc | high | Coordinates παλαίστραις with γυμνάσια at phrase level. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 παλαίστραις | case | high | |
| 17 | παλαίστραις | παλαίστρα | NOUN | N-D-PF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 καθέστηκεν | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐν; coordinated with the περί phrase. |
| 18 | καθέστηκεν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active; subject is implicit/contextual, with ἔχειν as complementary infinitive. |
| 19 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 καθέστηκεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after καθέστηκεν. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 τιμῇ | case | high | |
| 21 | τιμῇ | τιμή | NOUN | N-D-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἔχειν | obl | high | Dative phrase governed semantically by ἔχειν: 'hold in honor'. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 καθέστηκεν | punct | high |