Grammar parses for passage 4.32.2
Open translation for this passage
Αἰθίδαν δὲ ἐμαυτοῦ πρεσβύτερον ὄντα εὕρισκον, γενομένῳ δέ οἱ χρήμασιν οὐκ ἀδυνάτῳ τιμαὶ παρὰ Μεσσηνίων ὑπάρχουσιν ἅτε ἥρωι.
The first clause has an accusative-and-participial complement of εὕρισκον: Αἰθίδαν ... πρεσβύτερον ὄντα. The second participial clause is concessive/temporal in sense; γενομένῳ agrees with the dative οἱ and ἀδυνάτῳ, while τιμαὶ is the subject of ὑπάρχουσιν. The exact antecedent and construction of γενομένῳ οἱ are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰθίδαν | Αἰθίδας | PROPN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εὕρισκον | obj | high | Accusative proper name, subject of the infinitive-like participial complement. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 εὕρισκον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐμαυτοῦ | ἐμαυτοῦ | PRON | P---G1S-- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 4 πρεσβύτερον | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison with πρεσβύτερον. |
| 4 | πρεσβύτερον | πρέσβυς | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὄντα | xcomp | high | Comparative predicative adjective agreeing with Αἰθίδαν. |
| 5 | ὄντα | εἰμί | AUX | V--P-SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Αἰθίδαν | acl | high | Accusative present participle in the object complement. |
| 6 | εὕρισκον | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V--I1S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First-person imperfect finite predicate. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εὕρισκον | punct | high | |
| 8 | γενομένῳ | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--MDSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 ἀδυνάτῳ | advcl | medium | Dative aorist middle participle; likely agrees with οἱ and ἀδυνάτῳ, with concessive/temporal force. |
| 9 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ὑπάρχουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective introducing the second clause. |
| 10 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P---DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 γενομένῳ | iobj | medium | Dative personal pronoun, probably referring to Αἰθίδας; syntactically associated with γενομένῳ/ἀδυνάτῳ. |
| 11 | χρήμασιν | χρῆμα | NOUN | N----PDN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἀδυνάτῳ | obl | high | Dative of respect or circumstance with ἀδυνάτῳ. |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 13 ἀδυνάτῳ | advmod | high | Negates ἀδυνάτῳ. |
| 13 | ἀδυνάτῳ | ἀδύνατος | ADJ | A----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 8 γενομένῳ | xcomp | medium | Predicative dative adjective, agreeing with γενομένῳ/οἱ; οὐκ ἀδύνατος means 'not without means/power'. |
| 14 | τιμαὶ | τιμή | NOUN | N---NF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ὑπάρχουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ὑπάρχουσιν. |
| 15 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Μεσσηνίων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 16 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 τιμαὶ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of παρὰ, forming source/agent phrase. |
| 17 | ὑπάρχουσιν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-PAI3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 γενομένῳ | ccomp | high | Finite clause embedded under the participial construction. |
| 18 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 8 γενομένῳ | mark | high | Introduces an explanatory/concessive participial adjunct. |
| 19 | ἥρωι | ἥρως | NOUN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἅτε | obl | medium | Dative predicative/appositional expression with ἅτε; 'as being a hero'. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 εὕρισκον | punct | high |
εἰσὶ δὲ τῶν Μεσσηνίων οἳ τῷ Αἰθίδᾳ χρήματα μὲν γενέσθαι πολλὰ ἔλεγον, οὐ μέντοι τοῦτόν γε εἶναι τὸν ἐπειργασμένον τῇ στήλῃ, πρόγονον δὲ καὶ ὁμώνυμον ἄνδρα τῷ Αἰθίδᾳ·
Relative οἳ is the subject of εἰσὶ and introduces an accusative-and-infinitive report with ἔλεγον; γενέσθαι is existential/‘to have become’ with χρήματα as subject, while τοῦτόν and πρόγονον ... ἄνδρα are coordinated accusative predicates of εἶναι. The participle ἐπειργασμένον is attributive to τὸν ... τοῦτόν, with τῇ στήλῃ as dative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Partitive genitive with εἰσὶ. |
| 5 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 εἰσὶ | nsubj | high | Relative subject, resumptive of οἱ Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Αἰθίδᾳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Αἰθίδᾳ | Αἰθίδας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference with γενέσθαι. |
| 8 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 12 ἔλεγον | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δὲ. |
| 10 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἔλεγον | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the reported statement governed by ἔλεγον. |
| 11 | πολλὰ | πολύς | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 χρήματα | amod | high | Predicative/value adjective with χρήματα. |
| 12 | ἔλεγον | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 5 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἔλεγον | punct | high | |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 18 εἶναι | advmod | high | Negates εἶναι. |
| 15 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | PART | _ | 18 εἶναι | discourse | high | Contrastive particle. |
| 16 | τοῦτόν | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject/predicate structure of εἶναι; demonstrative refers to the inscribed figure. |
| 17 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 16 τοῦτόν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 18 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἔλεγον | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive in the reported statement. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπειργασμένον | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐπειργασμένον | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 16 τοῦτόν | acl | medium | Attributive perfect middle/passive participle; spelling and lexical analysis are somewhat uncertain. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 στήλῃ | det | high | |
| 22 | στήλῃ | στήλη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐπειργασμένον | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐπειργασμένον. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 18 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 24 | πρόγονον | πρόγονος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Coordinated accusative predicate of εἶναι. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 πρόγονον | cc | high | Connects the second predicate phrase. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ὁμώνυμον | cc | high | Coordinates ὁμώνυμον and πρόγονον. |
| 27 | ὁμώνυμον | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἄνδρα | amod | high | |
| 28 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 πρόγονον | appos | high | Appositional expansion of πρόγονον. |
| 29 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 Αἰθίδᾳ | det | high | |
| 30 | Αἰθίδᾳ | Αἰθίδας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἄνδρα | nmod | high | Dative with ὁμώνυμος: sharing the name of Aithidas. |
| 31 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 εἰσὶ | punct | high |
Αἰθίδαν δὲ τὸν πρότερον ἡγήσασθαι τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις φασίν, ἡνίκα ἐν τῇ νυκτὶ Δημήτριός σφισιν ὁ Φιλίππου μηδαμῶς ἐλπίσασιν αὐτός τε καὶ ἡ στρατιὰ λανθάνουσιν ἐσελθόντες ἐς τὴν πόλιν.
Infinitival complement of φασίν: Αἰθίδαν is the accusative subject of ἡγήσασθαι, with τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις as dative object/beneficiary. The temporal clause headed by ἡνίκα contains a difficult construction: Δημήτριός ... καὶ ἡ στρατιὰ are coordinated subjects of λανθάνουσιν, with ἐσελθόντες agreeing with the coordinated subject; σφισιν and ἐλπίσασιν are morphosyntactically ambiguous, and the supplied text appears textually difficult.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰθίδαν | Αἰθίδας | PROPN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἡγήσασθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἡγήσασθαι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 8 φασίν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | R-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρότερον | det | high | |
| 4 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Αἰθίδαν | amod | medium | Substantivized/elliptical adjective modifying Αἰθίδαν, probably ‘the former/previous one’. |
| 5 | ἡγήσασθαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-ADN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 φασίν | xcomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive, complement of φασίν. |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | R-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἡγήσασθαι | iobj | high | Dative complement of ἡγέομαι. |
| 8 | φασίν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασίν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | C------- | _ | 25 λανθάνουσιν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R------ | _ | 13 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | R-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 νυκτὶ | det | high | |
| 13 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 λανθάνουσιν | obl | high | Temporal setting, governed by ἐν. |
| 14 | Δημήτριός | Δημήτριος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 λανθάνουσιν | nsubj | medium | First coordinated subject of λανθάνουσιν; accentuation is orthographic/contextual. |
| 15 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 19 ἐλπίσασιν | iobj | low | Dative plural reflexive/third-person pronoun; syntactic role is uncertain in the difficult transmitted construction. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | R-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Φιλίππου | det | high | |
| 17 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Δημήτριός | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic/possessive with Δημήτριος: ‘son/one of Philip’. |
| 18 | μηδαμῶς | μηδαμῶς | ADV | D------- | Polarity=Neg | 19 ἐλπίσασιν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἐλπίσασιν | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 λανθάνουσιν | advcl | low | Form is dative plural aorist active participle; its attachment and controller are uncertain in the supplied text. |
| 20 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Δημήτριός | appos | medium | Intensive pronoun, likely emphasizing Δημήτριος. |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 25 λανθάνουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates Δημήτριός with ἡ στρατιά. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 24 στρατιὰ | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | R-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 στρατιὰ | det | high | |
| 24 | στρατιὰ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 λανθάνουσιν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject of λανθάνουσιν. |
| 25 | λανθάνουσιν | λανθάνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 φασίν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the temporal clause; plural agrees with coordinated subjects. |
| 26 | ἐσελθόντες | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 λανθάνουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with the masculine coordinated subject, semantically prior to λανθάνουσιν. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R------ | _ | 29 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 28 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 29 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐσελθόντες | obl | high | Directional complement of ἐσελθόντες. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασίν | punct | high |