Grammar parses for passage 4.32.3
Open translation for this passage
καὶ Ἀριστομένους δὲ μνῆμά ἐστιν ἐνταῦθα·
The clause means “and there is also here a monument of Aristomenes”; Ἀριστομένους is a genitive dependent on μνῆμα, while ἐνταῦθα is a locative adverbial modifier of ἐστιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μνῆμά | nmod | high | |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | μνῆμά | μνῆμα | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate/ existential subject with ἐστιν. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 5 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | punct | high |
οὐ κενὸν δὲ εἶναι τὸ μνῆμα λέγουσιν, ἀλλʼ ἐρομένου μου τρόπον τε ὅντινα καὶ ὁπόθεν Ἀριστομένους κομίσαιντο τὰ ὀστᾶ, μεταπέμψασθαι μὲν ἐκ Ῥόδου φασί, τὸν δὲ ἐν Δελφοῖς θεὸν τὸν κελεύσαντα εἶναι.
The sentence has λέγουσιν with an accusative-and-infinitive complement (οὐ ... εἶναι ...), followed by an adversative reported account: ἐρομένου μου is a genitive absolute, κομίσαιντο is an indirect question under ἐρομένου, and μεταπέμψασθαι ... φασί is a coordinated infinitive construction. In the final phrase, τὸν ... θεόν is the accusative subject of εἶναι, with τὸν κελεύσαντα as an attributive participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 4 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | κενὸν | κενός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in the infinitival clause; formally accusative could be expected with an overt accusative subject, but agrees with τὸ μνῆμα. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 4 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V---PNA--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in λέγουσιν's reported complement. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 6 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶναι; nominative retained in the copular infinitive. |
| 7 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀλλʼ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 φασί | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐρομένου | ἐρωτάω | VERB | V-PMP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 κομίσαιντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with μου; semantically 'when I asked'. |
| 11 | μου | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1S---G- | Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 10 ἐρομένου | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 12 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 κομίσαιντο | obj | medium | Object of ἐρομένου, with an elliptical/idiomatic complement concerning the manner. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 τρόπον | cc | high | |
| 14 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 12 τρόπον | acl:relcl | medium | Relative/interrogative form modifying τρόπον: 'what sort of'. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ὁπόθεν | cc | high | |
| 16 | ὁπόθεν | ὁπόθεν | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Int | 18 κομίσαιντο | advmod | high | Indirect interrogative adverb, 'from where'. |
| 17 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 κομίσαιντο | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κομίσαιντο: the bones of Aristomenes. |
| 18 | κομίσαιντο | κομίζω | VERB | V-2AOI-3P- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 10 ἐρομένου | ccomp | high | Optative in an indirect question under the past-tense/oblique context of ἐρομένου. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ὀστᾶ | det | high | |
| 20 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστέον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 κομίσαιντο | obj | high | Object of κομίσαιντο. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 φασί | punct | high | |
| 22 | μεταπέμψασθαι | μεταπέμπω | VERB | V-2AMN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 26 φασί | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated with the reported content; subject understood as the speakers. |
| 23 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 μεταπέμψασθαι | advmod | high | Correlative particle, balanced by δέ at token 29. |
| 24 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 Ῥόδου | case | high | |
| 25 | Ῥόδου | Ῥόδος | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 μεταπέμψασθαι | obl | high | Source complement of μεταπέμψασθαι. |
| 26 | φασί | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσιν | conj | high | Second reporting verb, coordinated adversatively with λέγουσιν. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 φασί | punct | high | |
| 28 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 θεὸν | det | high | |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 θεὸν | cc | high | Correlative with μὲν; marks the second element of the reported explanation. |
| 30 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 Δελφοῖς | case | high | |
| 31 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 θεὸν | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 32 | θεὸν | θεός | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 33 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 κελεύσαντα | det | high | |
| 34 | κελεύσαντα | κελεύω | VERB | V-APA-MAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 θεὸν | acl | high | Attributive aorist participle modifying θεόν: 'the god who gave the command'. |
| 35 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V---PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 μεταπέμψασθαι | ccomp | medium | Infinitive coordinated in the reported content; θεόν is its accusative subject. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
πρός τε δὴ τούτοις ἐδίδασκόν με ὁποῖα ἐπὶ τῷ τάφῳ δρῶσι.
The finite verb ἐδίδασκον governs με as object and an ὁποῖα-clause as its content; δρῶσι is present subjunctive in the embedded indirect-question/content clause, with ὁποῖα functioning as its object. The phrase πρός ... τούτοις is an idiomatic adjunct meaning ‘in addition to these things’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρός | πρός | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 4 τούτοις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative demonstrative in the idiom πρός ... τούτοις. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G- | _ | 1 πρός | cc | medium | Postpositive coordinating particle; pairs idiomatically with δή. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G- | _ | 5 ἐδίδασκόν | advmod | medium | Emphatic/discourse particle modifying the clause. |
| 4 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | RD-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐδίδασκόν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative governed by πρός; ‘these things’. |
| 5 | ἐδίδασκόν | διδάσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect active; spelling is compatible with first-singular or third-plural in some orthographic traditions, but context requires third singular with ὁποῖα-clause as content. |
| 6 | με | ἐγώ | PRON | RP-1AS | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐδίδασκόν | obj | high | Accusative first-person pronoun, object of ἐδίδασκον. |
| 7 | ὁποῖα | ὁποῖος | PRON | RI-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 δρῶσι | obj | medium | Neuter plural relative/interrogative form introducing the embedded content question; object of δρῶσι. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 9 τῷ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative article-noun phrase. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 τάφῳ | det | high | Definite article modifying τάφῳ. |
| 10 | τάφῳ | τάφος | NOUN | N-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 δρῶσι | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί, locative ‘at/on the tomb’. |
| 11 | δρῶσι | δράω | VERB | V-PAS-3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐδίδασκόν | ccomp | medium | Present active subjunctive, third plural; predicate of the embedded ὁποῖα-clause. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐδίδασκόν | punct | high |
ταῦρον ὅντινα ἐναγίζειν μέλλουσιν, ἀγαγόντες ἐπὶ τὸ μνῆμα ἔδησαν πρὸς τὸν ἑστηκότα ἐπὶ τῷ τάφῳ κίονα·
The participle ἑστηκότα is analyzed as modifying κίονα: the column is standing on the tomb; πρὸς marks the column toward which the bull was tied.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦρον | ταῦρος | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔδησαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔδησαν; also antecedent of ὅντινα. |
| 2 | ὅντινα | ὅστις | PRON | pr-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐναγίζειν | obj | high | Relative-pronoun object of ἐναγίζειν; agrees with ταῦρον. |
| 3 | ἐναγίζειν | ἐναγίζω | VERB | v--pan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 4 μέλλουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to μέλλουσιν. |
| 4 | μέλλουσιν | μέλλω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἔδησαν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause modifying ταῦρον. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 10 ἔδησαν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἀγαγόντες | ἄγω | VERB | v-rapm--p- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἔδησαν | advcl | high | Aorist circumstantial participle, with implicit subject of ἔδησαν. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 9 μνῆμα | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ μνῆμα with accusative after motion. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 μνῆμα | det | high | |
| 9 | μνῆμα | μνῆμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγαγόντες | obl | high | Goal/place complement of ἀγαγόντες. |
| 10 | ἔδησαν | δέω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 11 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | r-------- | _ | 17 κίονα | case | high | Preposition governing κίονα. |
| 12 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἑστηκότα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἑστηκότα | ἵστημι | VERB | v-rapm---s | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 κίονα | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive perfect participle modifying κίονα. |
| 14 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 16 τάφῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τῷ τάφῳ with dative for location. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τάφῳ | det | high | |
| 16 | τάφῳ | τάφος | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἑστηκότα | obl | high | Locative complement of ἑστηκότα. |
| 17 | κίονα | κίων | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔδησαν | obl | high | Object of the directional phrase πρὸς τὸν ... κίονα, complement of ἔδησαν. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | u-------- | _ | 10 ἔδησαν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ ἅτε ἄγριος καὶ ἀήθης δεσμῶν οὐκ ἐθέλει μένειν·
The subject is an implied/elliptical nominal ‘he’, with ὁ ἄγριος καὶ ἀήθης functioning substantivally; ἅτε introduces the explanatory characterization. The genitive δεσμῶν is construed with μένειν (‘remain in bonds’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἄγριος | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἐθέλει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 4 ἄγριος | mark | high | Introduces a causal/explanatory participial-like phrase. |
| 4 | ἄγριος | ἄγριος | ADJ | A---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐθέλει | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with understood/copular relation to the subject; coordinated with ἀήθης. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἀήθης | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἀήθης | ἀήθης | ADJ | A---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἄγριος | conj | high | Coordinated predicative adjective. |
| 7 | δεσμῶν | δεσμός | NOUN | N---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 μένειν | obj | medium | Genitive object/complement of μένειν in the sense ‘remain in bonds’; exact attachment is somewhat construction-dependent. |
| 8 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἐθέλει | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἐθέλει | ἐθέλω | VERB | V- PIA3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate; subject is the article-marked/adjectival nominal phrase. |
| 10 | μένειν | μένω | VERB | V-PNA---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ἐθέλει | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐθέλει. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐθέλει | punct | high |
θορυβουμένῳ δέ οἱ καὶ σκιρτῶντι ἢν ὁ κίων κινηθῇ, Μεσσηνίοις ἐστὶν αἴσιον, οὐ κινηθέντος δὲ ἀσύμφορα ἐπαγγέλλει τὸ σημεῖον.
The sentence has an ἢν conditional protasis with a coordinated dative participial frame; the second clause uses a genitive absolute, and τὸ σημεῖον is the shared semantic subject of the two predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θορυβουμένῳ | θορυβέω | VERB | V-PPPart-Dat-Sg-Mas-Neu | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 σκιρτῶντι | conj | medium | Dative participle, coordinated with σκιρτῶντι; likely circumstantial with οἱ. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐπαγγέλλει | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-3Dat-Sg-Mas | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 1 θορυβουμένῳ | iobj | medium | Clitic dative, probably referring to the person who is making noise and leaping. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 σκιρτῶντι | cc | high | |
| 5 | σκιρτῶντι | σκιρτάω | VERB | V-PAPart-Dat-Sg-Mas-Neu | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 κινηθῇ | advcl | medium | Second coordinated dative participle in the conditional protasis. |
| 6 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 κινηθῇ | mark | high | Contracted/variant form of ἐάν introducing a conditional clause. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 κίων | det | high | |
| 8 | κίων | κίων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κινηθῇ | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | κινηθῇ | κινέω | VERB | V-APSbj-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 12 ἐστὶν | advcl | high | Aorist passive subjunctive in the ἢν conditional protasis. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κινηθῇ | punct | high | |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐστὶν | iobj | high | Dative of reference: for the Messenians. |
| 12 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate with postponed subject τὸ σημεῖον. |
| 13 | αἴσιον | αἴσιος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective; neuter agrees with τὸ σημεῖον. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT | Polarity=Neg | 19 ἐπαγγέλλει | advmod | high | |
| 16 | κινηθέντος | κινέω | VERB | V-APPt-GSg-Mas-Neu | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ἐπαγγέλλει | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, with οὐ negating the participle. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐπαγγέλλει | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἀσύμφορα | ἀσύμφορος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 ἐπαγγέλλει | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural accusative, ‘unfavorable things/signs’. |
| 19 | ἐπαγγέλλει | ἐπαγγέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate: the sign announces unfavorable results when unmoved. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 σημεῖον | det | high | |
| 21 | σημεῖον | σημεῖον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of both copular ἐστίν and coordinated ἐπαγγέλλει. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστὶν | punct | high |