Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.32.4

← 4.32.3 4.32.5 →

Passage 4.32.4

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

85Greek tokens

2,560input tokens

6,590output tokens

Sentence 1

4.32.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 29
Input: 865
Output: 2,278
Total: 3,143

παραγενέσθαι δὲ Ἀριστομένην καὶ τῷ περὶ Λεῦκτρα ἀγῶνι ἐθέλουσιν οὐ μετὰ ἀνθρώπων ἔτι ὄντα, καὶ ἀμῦναί τε αὐτόν φασι Θηβαίοις καὶ μάλιστα γενέσθαι τοῦ ἀτυχήματος Λακεδαιμονίοις αἴτιον.

Infinitival report coordinated under ἐθέλουσιν/φασι: Aristomenes is the accusative subject of παραγενέσθαι, ὄντα, ἀμῦναί, and γενέσθαι; αἴτιον is predicate accusative with γενέσθαι. The phrase τῷ περὶ Λεῦκτρα ἀγῶνι is a dative of occasion/reference; μετὰ ἀνθρώπων with ὄντα is interpreted as ‘being no longer among the living’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	παραγενέσθαι	παραγίγνομαι	VERB	V--AMN--	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	9 ἐθέλουσιν	xcomp	high	Infinitive in reported content, with Ἀριστομένην as accusative subject.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 ἐθέλουσιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Ἀριστομένην	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	Ne-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 παραγενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitival report.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	1 παραγενέσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the reported infinitival predicates.
5	τῷ	ὁ	DET	Tdsm----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἀγῶνι	det	high	Article agreeing with ἀγῶνι.
6	περὶ	περί	ADP	R--------	_	7 Λεῦκτρα	case	high	Preposition governing Λεῦκτρα.
7	Λεῦκτρα	Λεῦκτρα	PROPN	Ne-p---na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἀγῶνι	nmod	high	Object of περί in the place-name expression.
8	ἀγῶνι	ἀγών	NOUN	N-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 παραγενέσθαι	obl	medium	Dative of occasion/reference with παραγενέσθαι.
9	ἐθέλουσιν	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite reporting verb; subject is implicit ‘they’.
10	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	14 ὄντα	advmod	high	Negates the participial phrase.
11	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R--------	_	12 ἀνθρώπων	case	high	Preposition governing ἀνθρώπων.
12	ἀνθρώπων	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N-p---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ὄντα	obl	high	Genitive complement of μετά with ὄντα.
13	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D--------	_	14 ὄντα	advmod	high	Temporal adverb modifying ὄντα.
14	ὄντα	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 παραγενέσθαι	advcl	high	Accusative participle agreeing with Ἀριστομένην; concessive/temporal sense.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ὄντα	punct	high
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	17 ἀμῦναί	cc	high	Coordinates the second infinitival predicate.
17	ἀμῦναί	ἀμύνω	VERB	V-AAN--	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	20 φασι	xcomp	high	Infinitive governed by φασι.
18	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	17 ἀμῦναί	cc	high	Postpositive enclitic coordinating ἀμῦναί with γενέσθαι.
19	αὐτόν	αὐτός	PRON	P----asm-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	17 ἀμῦναί	obj	high	Object of ἀμῦναί; refers to Aristomenes.
20	φασι	φημί	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	9 ἐθέλουσιν	conj	high	Second coordinated reporting verb.
21	Θηβαίοις	Θηβαῖος	PROPN	Ne-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ἀμῦναί	iobj	high	Dative recipient/beneficiary with ἀμῦναί.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 γενέσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates γενέσθαι with ἀμῦναί.
23	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	24 γενέσθαι	advmod	high	Superlative adverb modifying γενέσθαι/αἴτιον.
24	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-AMN--	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	20 φασι	conj	high	Coordinated infinitive under φασι.
25	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-s---ng-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 ἀτυχήματος	det	high	Article agreeing with ἀτυχήματος.
26	ἀτυχήματος	ἀτύχημα	NOUN	N-s---ng-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 αἴτιον	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on αἴτιον: cause of the misfortune.
27	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	Ne-p---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 αἴτιον	obl	high	Dative of the persons affected, with αἴτιον.
28	αἴτιον	αἴτιος	ADJ	A-s---am-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 γενέσθαι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι; neuter agrees with implicit/abstract cause.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἐθέλουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.32.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 30
Input: 870
Output: 2,206
Total: 3,076

ἐγὼ δὲ Χαλδαίους καὶ Ἰνδῶν τοὺς μάγους πρώτους οἶδα εἰπόντας ὡς ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου ψυχή, καί σφισι καὶ Ἑλλήνων ἄλλοι τε ἐπείσθησαν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα Πλάτων ὁ Ἀρίστωνος·

οἶδα takes an accusative object Χαλδαίους καὶ τοὺς Ἰνδῶν μάγους with participle εἰπόντας agreeing with them; ὡς introduces the content clause. In the second clause, σφισι is the dative of the persuaded persons, and Πλάτων is included emphatically by καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐγὼ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1S---N--	Case=Nom\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	9 οἶδα	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 οἶδα	cc	high
3	Χαλδαίους	Χαλδαῖος	PROPN	A-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 οἶδα	obj	high	Ethnic name used substantivally.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 μάγους	cc	high
5	Ἰνδῶν	Ἰνδός	PROPN	A-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 μάγους	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on μάγους.
6	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-П---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 μάγους	det	high
7	μάγους	μάγος	NOUN	N-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 Χαλδαίους	conj	high	Coordinated accusative object with Χαλδαίους.
8	πρώτους	πρῶτος	ADJ	A-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 εἰπόντας	xcomp	high	Predicative accusative with εἰπόντας.
9	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAI-1S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Perfect-form verb with present meaning.
10	εἰπόντας	λέγω	VERB	V-2AAP-MPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	9 οἶδα	xcomp	high	Supplementary participle after οἶδα.
11	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	10 εἰπόντας	mark	high
12	ἀθάνατός	ἀθάνατος	ADJ	A-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἐστιν	xcomp	medium	Predicate adjective; masculine form reflects implied/referential ἀνήρ, while ψυχή is feminine.
13	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 εἰπόντας	ccomp	high
14	ἀνθρώπου	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 ψυχή	nmod	high
15	ψυχή	ψυχή	NOUN	N-S---FN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστιν.
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 οἶδα	punct	high
17	καί	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	23 ἐπείσθησαν	cc	high	Coordinates the following clause.
18	σφισι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-3P---D-	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	23 ἐπείσθησαν	iobj	high	Dative of persons persuaded.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 ἄλλοι	cc	high
20	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ἄλλοι	nmod	high	Partitive genitive: others among Greeks.
21	ἄλλοι	ἄλλος	PRON	A-P---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	23 ἐπείσθησαν	nsubj	high	Substantival adjective.
22	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 ἄλλοι	cc	high	Postpositive enclitic coordinator.
23	ἐπείσθησαν	πείθω	VERB	V-API-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	9 οἶδα	conj	high	Passive meaning ‘were persuaded’.
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	23 ἐπείσθησαν	cc	high	Coordinates Πλάτων with the preceding subject group.
25	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	26 ἥκιστα	advmod	high
26	ἥκιστα	ἥκιστα	ADV	D-S--------	Degree=Sup	23 ἐπείσθησαν	advmod	high	Superlative adverb, ‘not least’.
27	Πλάτων	Πλάτων	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ἐπείσθησαν	conj	high	Coordinated subject, with ellipsis of ἐπείσθησαν.
28	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 Ἀρίστωνος	det	high
29	Ἀρίστωνος	Ἀρίστων	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 Πλάτων	appos	high	Patronymic/genitive identifier, ‘son of Ariston’.
30	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	23 ἐπείσθησαν	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.32.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 26
Input: 825
Output: 2,106
Total: 2,931

εἰ δὲ ἀποδέχεσθαι καὶ οἱ πάντες ἐθελήσουσιν, ἐκεῖνό γε ἀντειπεῖν οὐκ ἔνεστι μὴ οὐ τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα Ἀριστομένει τὸ μῖσος τὸ ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐνεστάχθαι.

Conditional protasis with infinitival subject/object construction: εἰ ... ἐθελήσουσιν governs ἀποδέχεσθαι, while ἐκεῖνο is the fronted accusative subject of ἔνεστι with γε; ἀντειπεῖν is a complementary infinitive. The final μὴ οὐ ... ἐνεστάχθαι is an infinitival content clause, with τὸ μῖσος as subject and Ἀριστομένει as dative of reference/experiencer. The form ἐνεστάχθαι is morphologically perfect middle/passive infinitive, though the intended sense is stative 'to have been fixed/implanted'.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Rel	7 ἐθελήσουσιν	mark	high	Conditional subordinator.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 ἐθελήσουσιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἀποδέχεσθαι	ἀποδέχομαι	VERB	VMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	7 ἐθελήσουσιν	xcomp	medium	Present middle infinitive, complement of ἐθελήσουσιν; understood subject οἱ πάντες.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 οἱ	cc	high	Coordinates the article/pronominal subject phrase.
5	οἱ	ὁ	DET	DA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 πάντες	det	high	Article substantivizing πάντες.
6	πάντες	πᾶς	ADJ	A-P---NM-	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 ἐθελήσουσιν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, subject of ἐθελήσουσιν.
7	ἐθελήσουσιν	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-FIA3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	13 ἔνεστι	advcl	high	Future indicative governing the conditional protasis.
8	,	,	PUNCT	Punc	_	7 ἐθελήσουσιν	punct	high
9	ἐκεῖνό	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	PD---NA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	13 ἔνεστι	nsubj	high	Accusative neuter subject of impersonal ἔνεστι.
10	γε	γε	PART	G----	_	9 ἐκεῖνό	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
11	ἀντειπεῖν	ἀντεῖπον	VERB	V--AN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	13 ἔνεστι	xcomp	high	Aorist active infinitive, complementary to ἔνεστι.
12	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	13 ἔνεστι	advmod	high	Negates ἔνεστι.
13	ἔνεστι	ἔνειμι	VERB	V-PIA3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal predicate, 'it is possible'.
14	μὴ	μή	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	25 ἐνεστάχθαι	advmod	high	Negation within the infinitival clause.
15	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	25 ἐνεστάχθαι	advmod	high	Second negation forming μὴ οὐ with the infinitive.
16	τὸν	ὁ	DET	DA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 αἰῶνα	det	high	Article in the accusative time expression.
17	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	A-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 αἰῶνα	amod	high	Adjectival modifier of αἰῶνα.
18	αἰῶνα	αἰών	NOUN	N-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἐνεστάχθαι	obl	high	Accusative duration expression, 'for all eternity'.
19	Ἀριστομένει	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	N-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἐνεστάχθαι	iobj	medium	Dative of reference/affected person with ἐνεστάχθαι.
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 μῖσος	det	high	Article with μῖσος.
21	μῖσος	μῖσος	NOUN	N-S---NN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 ἐνεστάχθαι	nsubj	high	Nominative subject of the infinitive ἐνεστάχθαι.
22	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	25 ἐνεστάχθαι	det	medium	Article introducing the attributive relative-like phrase; possibly part of a repeated-articled modifier.
23	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	24 Λακεδαιμονίους	case	high	Preposition governing Λακεδαιμονίους.
24	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-P---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 τὸ	obl	medium	Accusative object of ἐς; phrase means 'toward the Lacedaemonians'.
25	ἐνεστάχθαι	ἐνίστημι	VERB	V-RPMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	11 ἀντειπεῖν	ccomp	medium	Perfect middle/passive infinitive, content of ἀντειπεῖν; exact lexical analysis is uncertain, with stative sense intended.
26	.	.	PUNCT	Punc	_	13 ἔνεστι	punct	high

← 4.32.3 4.32.5 →