Grammar parses for passage 4.32.4
Open translation for this passage
παραγενέσθαι δὲ Ἀριστομένην καὶ τῷ περὶ Λεῦκτρα ἀγῶνι ἐθέλουσιν οὐ μετὰ ἀνθρώπων ἔτι ὄντα, καὶ ἀμῦναί τε αὐτόν φασι Θηβαίοις καὶ μάλιστα γενέσθαι τοῦ ἀτυχήματος Λακεδαιμονίοις αἴτιον.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: φασι governs multiple infinitives, with participial clauses (ὄντα, perhaps also ἐθέλουσιν) supplying background circumstances.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παραγενέσθαι | παραγίγνομαι | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 20 φασι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive depending on φασι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 παραγενέσθαι | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Ἀριστομένην | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 παραγενέσθαι | obj | medium | Likely object of παραγενέσθαι. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 1 παραγενέσθαι | cc | high | Connects coordinated infinitival clause. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἀγῶνι | det | high | Article with ἀγῶνι. |
| 6 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ἀγῶνι | case | high | Preposition governing Λεῦκτρα. |
| 7 | Λεῦκτρα | Λεύκτρα | PROPN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 περὶ | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 8 | ἀγῶνι | ἀγών | NOUN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐθέλουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional/locative phrase dependent on ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 9 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 φασι | advcl | medium | Finite participial-style background clause is difficult; treated as adverbial to φασι. |
| 10 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ὄντα | advmod | high | Negates ὄντα. |
| 11 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ἀνθρώπων | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 12 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ὄντα | obl | high | Object of μετά. |
| 13 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | d-------- | _ | 14 ὄντα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ὄντα. |
| 14 | ὄντα | εἰμί | VERB | v-papamn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 φασι | advcl | medium | Participial clause likely modifying Ἀριστομένην; agreement suggests masc. acc. sg. in apposition. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 φασι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἀμῦναί | cc | high | Coordinates infinitives. |
| 17 | ἀμῦναί | ἀμύνω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 φασι | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of φασι. |
| 18 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἀμῦναί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 19 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἀμῦναί | obj | high | Object of ἀμῦναί. |
| 20 | φασι | φημί | VERB | v3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 21 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀμῦναί | obl | high | Dative recipient/benefactive with ἀμῦναί. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 24 γενέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates with γενέσθαι. |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | d-------- | _ | 24 γενέσθαι | advmod | high | Modifies γενέσθαι. |
| 24 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | v--anm--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 20 φασι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασι. |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 ἀτυχήματος | det | high | Article with ἀτυχήματος. |
| 26 | ἀτυχήματος | ἀτύχημα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Genitive dependent on αἴτιον ('of the disaster'). |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 αἴτιον | iobj | high | Dative of reference/advantage with αἴτιον. |
| 28 | αἴτιον | αἴτιος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with γενέσθαι; form and syntax are somewhat uncertain. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 φασι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐγὼ δὲ Χαλδαίους καὶ Ἰνδῶν τοὺς μάγους πρώτους οἶδα εἰπόντας ὡς ἀθάνατός ἐστιν ἀνθρώπου ψυχή, καί σφισι καὶ Ἑλλήνων ἄλλοι τε ἐπείσθησαν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα Πλάτων ὁ Ἀρίστωνος·
The sentence has a main assertion with an indirect statement, followed by a coordinated passive clause whose exact attachment is somewhat loose; ἥκιστα modifies ἐπείσθησαν and Πλάτων is appositional/subject-like in the final coordination.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγὼ | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1ns | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 9 οἶδα | nsubj | high | Explicit first-person subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 9 οἶδα | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | Χαλδαίους | Χαλδαῖος | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 οἶδα | obj | medium | Likely object of οἶδα with participle phrase; could be adjectival/substantival. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 3 Χαλδαίους | cc | high | Coordinates Χαλδαίους and Ἰνδῶν. |
| 5 | Ἰνδῶν | Ἰνδός | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Χαλδαίους | conj | high | Genitive dependent of Χαλδαίους in coordinated list. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Dd-pama- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 μάγους | det | high | Article with μάγους. |
| 7 | μάγους | μάγος | NOUN | N-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Χαλδαίους | appos | medium | Appositive to Χαλδαίους/Ἰνδῶν. |
| 8 | πρώτους | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἰπόντας | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative meaning 'first'; alternatively object complement. |
| 9 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V--1sria- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | εἰπόντας | λέγω | VERB | V-papama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 οἶδα | xcomp | high | Participial complement of οἶδα. |
| 11 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Py | _ | 13 ἐστιν | mark | high | Introduces indirect statement. |
| 12 | ἀθάνατός | ἀθάνατος | ADJ | A-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ψυχή | amod | low | Likely predicative adjective with ψυχή; form ending matches masc./fem. nom. sg. |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V--3spia- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ψυχή | cop | high | Copula. |
| 14 | ἀνθρώπου | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ψυχή | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ψυχή. |
| 15 | ψυχή | ψυχή | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 εἰπόντας | obj | medium | Content of indirect statement after εἰπόντας/ὡς. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἐπείσθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates clauses. |
| 18 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3pd | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 23 ἐπείσθησαν | iobj | medium | Dative with ἐπείσθησαν; referent uncertain. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἐπείσθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates with following clause items. |
| 20 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἄλλοι | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἄλλοι. |
| 21 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἐπείσθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive verb. |
| 22 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 21 ἄλλοι | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 23 | ἐπείσθησαν | πείθω | VERB | V-3ppia-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 9 οἶδα | conj | high | Conjunct clause with same governing context as οἶδα. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 23 ἐπείσθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates within the coordinated predicate/clause chain. |
| 25 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 26 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negation particle. |
| 26 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | Df | Degree=Sup | 23 ἐπείσθησαν | advmod | high | Modifies ἐπείσθησαν: 'least of all'. |
| 27 | Πλάτων | Πλάτων | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἐπείσθησαν | nsubj:pass | medium | Likely part of the same passive subject list or appositive continuation. |
| 28 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Dd-samn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 Πλάτων | det | high | Article with Πλάτων. |
| 29 | Ἀρίστωνος | Ἀρίστων | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 Πλάτων | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive dependent of Πλάτων. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 οἶδα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
εἰ δὲ ἀποδέχεσθαι καὶ οἱ πάντες ἐθελήσουσιν, ἐκεῖνό γε ἀντειπεῖν οὐκ ἔνεστι μὴ οὐ τὸν πάντα αἰῶνα Ἀριστομένει τὸ μῖσος τὸ ἐς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐνεστάχθαι.
The syntax is elliptical and somewhat irregular: ἔνεστι is the main verb, with two infinitival/clausal complements, and the final μὴ οὐ construction likely negates the infinitive ἐνεστάχθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἐθελήσουσιν | mark | high | Conditional marker. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐθελήσουσιν | advmod | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀποδέχεσθαι | ἀποδέχομαι | VERB | V-PPN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐθελήσουσιν | csubj | medium | Infinitive functioning as clausal subject/complement under ἐθελήσουσιν. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 πάντες | cc | medium | Likely joins οἱ and πάντες as a coordinated/emphatic phrase. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πάντες | det | medium | Article substantivizing πάντες. |
| 6 | πάντες | πᾶς | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐθελήσουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐθελήσουσιν. |
| 7 | ἐθελήσουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-FAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 13 ἔνεστι | advcl | high | Finite protasis verb. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔνεστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἐκεῖνό | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | PD-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔνεστι | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ἔνεστι. |
| 10 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐκεῖνό | discourse | high | Enclitic emphasizing ἐκεῖνό. |
| 11 | ἀντειπεῖν | ἀντιλέγω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἔνεστι | csubj | medium | Infinitive complement to ἔνεστι; lemma may be semantically closer to ἀντείπειν/ἀντιλέγω. |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἔνεστι | advmod | high | Negation of ἔνεστι. |
| 13 | ἔνεστι | ἔνειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the sentence. |
| 14 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | _ | 25 ἐνεστάχθαι | advmod | medium | Part of infinitival negation with οὐ in the standard Greek double negation pattern. |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 25 ἐνεστάχθαι | advmod | high | Negation of the infinitive ἐνεστάχθαι. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 αἰῶνα | det | high | Article with αἰῶνα. |
| 17 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 αἰῶνα | amod | high | Modifies αἰῶνα. |
| 18 | αἰῶνα | αἰών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐνεστάχθαι | obl | high | Accusative of extent of time. |
| 19 | Ἀριστομένει | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 μῖσος | iobj | high | Dative recipient/possessor-like complement with μῖσος. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 μῖσος | det | high | Article with μῖσος. |
| 21 | μῖσος | μῖσος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἐνεστάχθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνεστάχθαι. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ἐνεστάχθαι | det | medium | Article with the participial/infinitival phrase; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 24 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | Preposition governing Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 24 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 μῖσος | nmod | high | Prepositional modifier of μῖσος. |
| 25 | ἐνεστάχθαι | ἐνστάζω | VERB | V-RPN | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 13 ἔνεστι | csubj | medium | Perfect passive infinitive; exact lexeme/form somewhat uncertain. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔνεστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |