Grammar parses for passage 4.32.5
Open translation for this passage
ἃ δὲ αὐτὸς ἤκουσα ἐν Θήβαις, εἰκὸς μέν τι παρείχετο ἐς τὸν Μεσσηνίων λόγον, οὐ μὴν παντάπασί γέ ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ὡμολογηκότα.
The sentence contrasts what the speaker heard at Thebes with a qualification: it gave some support to the Messenian account, but is not entirely in agreement with it. The final neuter plural participle ὡμολογηκότα is predicative, with the relative matter understood as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 4 ἤκουσα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἤκουσα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἤκουσα | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---NM-S | Case=Nom|Emphatic=Yes|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 ἤκουσα | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of ἤκουσα. |
| 4 | ἤκουσα | ἀκούω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Θήβαις | case | high | |
| 6 | Θήβαις | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἤκουσα | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἤκουσα | punct | high | |
| 8 | εἰκὸς | εἰκός | ADJ | A-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 παρείχετο | xcomp | medium | Impersonal/adverbial neuter adjective, ‘likely’; construction with παρείχετο. |
| 9 | μέν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 11 παρείχετο | discourse | high | |
| 10 | τι | τις | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 11 παρείχετο | obj | high | Indefinite pronoun, object of παρείχετο. |
| 11 | παρείχετο | παρέχω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 4 ἤκουσα | parataxis | medium | Coordinate/main assertion after the relative clause; imperfect middle. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 λόγον | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 λόγον | det | high | |
| 14 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 λόγον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λόγον. |
| 15 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρείχετο | obl | high | Object/domain of παρείχετο with ἐς. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρείχετο | punct | high | |
| 17 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 21 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | μὴν | μήν | PART | PART | _ | 21 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Adversative particle sequence οὐ μὴν. |
| 19 | παντάπασί | παντάπασι | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 20 | γέ | γέ | PART | PART | _ | 21 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 21 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 παρείχετο | conj | high | Contrastive coordinated predicate. |
| 22 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 23 ὡμολογηκότα | obl | high | Dative of reference with ὡμολογηκότα. |
| 23 | ὡμολογηκότα | ὁμολογέω | VERB | V-RAP-NPN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 21 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Perfect active participle; neuter plural form, likely predicative with omitted neuter plural subject understood from ἃ. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἤκουσα | punct | high |
φασὶ δὲ οἱ Θηβαῖοι μελλούσης τῆς μάχης ἔσεσθαί σφισιν ἐν Λεύκτροις ἐς ἄλλα τε ἀποστεῖλαι χρηστήρια καὶ ἐρησομένους τὸν ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ θεόν.
The sentence has compressed reported speech: φασί introduces infinitival content, with ἔσεσθαι and ἀποστεῖλαι coordinated conceptually; ἐρησομένους is a future middle participle linked to the same understood Theban subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φασὶ | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Θηβαῖοι | det | high | |
| 4 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 φασὶ | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 5 | μελλούσης | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἔσεσθαί | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with τῆς μάχης. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 μάχης | det | high | |
| 7 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 μελλούσης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 8 | ἔσεσθαί | εἰμί | AUX | V-FAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἀποστεῖλαι | ccomp | medium | Future infinitive in reported content, coordinated semantically with ἀποστεῖλαι and ἐρησομένους. |
| 9 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἔσεσθαί | obl | medium | Dative of possession/interest with ἔσεσθαι. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Λεύκτροις | case | high | |
| 11 | Λεύκτροις | Λεύκτρα | PROPN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔσεσθαί | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 χρηστήρια | case | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἀποστεῖλαι | obl | medium | Substantival neuter plural, probably ‘to other [oracles/places]’. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀποστεῖλαι | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἀποστεῖλαι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 φασὶ | ccomp | medium | Infinitive of reported content; coordination with ἐρησομένους is syntactically compressed. |
| 16 | χρηστήρια | χρηστήριον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἀποστεῖλαι | obj | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐρησομένους | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐρησομένους | ἐρέομαι | VERB | V-FMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἀποστεῖλαι | conj | medium | Future middle participle, accusative masculine plural; its understood subject is the Thebans, with infinitival construction coordinated to ἀποστεῖλαι. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 θεόν | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 Λεβαδείᾳ | case | high | |
| 21 | Λεβαδείᾳ | Λεβαδεία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 θεόν | obl | high | Place name governed by ἐν. |
| 22 | θεόν | θεός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐρησομένους | obj | high | |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φασὶ | punct | high |
λέγεται μὲν οὖν καὶ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Ἰσμηνίου καὶ τοῦ Πτῴου, πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἐν Ἄβαις τε χρησθέντα καὶ τὰ ἐν Δελφοῖς·
The impersonal λέγεται governs coordinated neuter plural objects τὰ ... and τὰ ..., with παρὰ + genitive naming sources and πρὸς coordinating the comparison/addition; χρησθέντα is a neuter plural aorist passive participle modifying τὰ and understood with an omitted noun (χρηστήρια/μαντεῖα).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V3SPI-M | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, ‘it is said/reported’. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | ห_PART | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | PART | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the first object phrase with the following πρὸς phrase. |
| 5 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=NomAcc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 1 λέγεται | obj | high | Substantivized article, object of impersonal λέγεται. |
| 6 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἰσμηνίου | case | high | Takes the genitive in the sense ‘from/by’. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 8 Ἰσμηνίου | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 8 | Ἰσμηνίου | Ἰσμήνιος | PROPN | NE-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 5 τὰ | nmod | high | Proper name, governed by παρά. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Πτῴου | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive sources. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 11 Πτῴου | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 11 | Πτῴου | Πτῷος | PROPN | NE-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 8 Ἰσμηνίου | conj | high | Second genitive source coordinated with Ἰσμηνίου. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 13 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 τὰ | case | high | Introduces the second coordinated object phrase; case relation is elliptical/lexically dependent. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 τὰ | cc | high | Correlative adversative/continuative particle paired with μέν. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=NomAcc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 1 λέγεται | obj | high | Second substantivized neuter plural object. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Ἄβαις | case | high | Locative preposition. |
| 17 | Ἄβαις | Ἄβαι | PROPN | NE-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 19 χρησθέντα | obl | high | Place name in the dative governed by ἐν. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 χρησθέντα | cc | high | Coordinates χρησθέντα with the following implied parallel phrase. |
| 19 | χρησθέντα | χράω | VERB | VA-PNP | Case=NomAcc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 15 τὰ | acl | medium | Aorist passive participle, modifying substantivized τὰ; idiomatically ‘the oracles delivered at Abai’. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the second τὰ phrase. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=NomAcc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 15 τὰ | conj | high | Parallel substantivized object, with χρησθέντα understood. |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 Δελφοῖς | case | high | Locative preposition. |
| 23 | Δελφοῖς | Δελφοί | PROPN | NE-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 21 τὰ | obl | high | Place name in the dative governed by ἐν. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
Τροφώνιον δέ φασιν εἰπεῖν ἑξαμέτρῳ·
The infinitive εἰπεῖν is governed by φασιν; ἑξαμέτρῳ is a dative of manner or instrument with an elided masculine noun such as ἔπει or στίχῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Τροφώνιον | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | Neut;Acc;Sing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 φασιν | obj | high | Proper name, accusative subject/object of the infinitival utterance depending on construction; here treated as the quoted speaker's object/accusative with εἰπεῖν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | Pres;Act;Ind;3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/reporting plural: 'they say'. |
| 4 | εἰπεῖν | λέγω | VERB | Aor;Act;Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 φασιν | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive, complementary to φασιν. |
| 5 | ἑξαμέτρῳ | ἑξάμετρος | ADJ | Adj;Dat;Masc;Sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 εἰπεῖν | obl | high | Dative of manner/instrument: 'in hexameter'; masculine agrees with implied ἔπει/στίχῳ. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 φασιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
πρὶν δορὶ συμβαλέειν ἐχθροῖς, στήσασθε τρόπαιον, ἀσπίδα κοσμήσαντες ἐμήν, τὴν εἵσατο νηῷ θοῦρος Ἀριστομένης Μεσσήνιος.
Imperatival quotation: στήσασθε governs τρόπαιον, with κοσμήσαντες as a circumstantial participle and ἀσπίδα as its object; the relative τὴν resumes ἀσπίδα as object of εἵσατο. πρὶν with the infinitive introduces the prior circumstance. The final apposition/name phrase is syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 3 συμβαλέειν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator governing the infinitive. |
| 2 | δορὶ | δόρυ | NOUN | N2S-DS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 συμβαλέειν | obl | high | Dative of instrument with συμβαλέειν. |
| 3 | συμβαλέειν | συμβάλλω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 στήσασθε | advcl | high | Infinitive in the temporal clause. |
| 4 | ἐχθροῖς | ἐχθρός | ADJ | A3P-DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 συμβαλέειν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, dative plural, 'enemies'. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 στήσασθε | punct | high | |
| 6 | στήσασθε | ἵστημι | VERB | V2AMM2P---- | Mood=Imp|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second-person plural aorist middle imperative. |
| 7 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N2N-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 στήσασθε | obj | high | Direct object of στήσασθε. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 στήσασθε | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N3F-AS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κοσμήσαντες | obj | high | Object of κοσμήσαντες; also antecedent of τὴν. |
| 10 | κοσμήσαντες | κοσμέω | VERB | V-AAPNP---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 στήσασθε | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle agreeing with the implied subject. |
| 11 | ἐμήν | ἐμός | DET | A1FS-||||A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs | 9 ἀσπίδα | det | high | Possessive adjective modifying ἀσπίδα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 εἵσατο | punct | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | PRON | P3F-||||A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 εἵσατο | obj | medium | Relative pronoun, with omitted/implicit antecedent linkage to ἀσπίδα; treated as object of εἵσατο. |
| 14 | εἵσατο | ἵημι | VERB | V2AMS3S---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 στήσασθε | parataxis | low | Aorist middle indicative; relative-clause syntax is compressed and the subject is the following name. |
| 15 | νηῷ | νηός | NOUN | N2M-DS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἵσατο | obl | high | Dative of location, 'in the temple'. |
| 16 | θοῦρος | θοῦρος | ADJ | A3MS-N---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀριστομένης | amod | medium | Epithet modifying Ἀριστομένης. |
| 17 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N3M-NS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἵσατο | nsubj | medium | Named subject of εἵσατο; nominative. |
| 18 | Μεσσήνιος | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A1MS-N---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀριστομένης | appos | high | Ethnic name in apposition to Ἀριστομένης. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 στήσασθε | punct | high |
αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων φθίσω στρατὸν ἀσπιστάων.
The sentence is an epic-style clause: φθίσω is the root with explicit subject ἐγώ, ethical/benefactive τοι, accusative object στρατόν, and two genitives specifying the hostile shield-bearing men.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτὰρ | αὐτάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 φθίσω | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐγώ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1NS | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 6 φθίσω | nsubj | high | Explicit subject of φθίσω. |
| 3 | τοι | σύ | PRON | P-2DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs | 6 φθίσω | iobj | medium | Dative ethical/benefactive pronoun; Homeric form. |
| 4 | ἀνδρῶν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 στρατὸν | nmod | high | |
| 5 | δυσμενέων | δυσμενής | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀνδρῶν | amod | high | Epic/Ionic genitive plural ending. |
| 6 | φθίσω | φθίω | VERB | V-FAM-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Future active, conventionally parsed as φθίσω; context gives the verb's object. |
| 7 | στρατὸν | στρατός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 φθίσω | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἀσπιστάων | ἀσπιστής | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 στρατὸν | nmod | high | Epic genitive plural; dependent on στρατόν. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φθίσω | punct | high |