Grammar parses for passage 4.32.6
Open translation for this passage
ἀφικομένου δὲ τοῦ χρησμοῦ δεηθῆναι Ξενοκράτους λέγουσιν Ἐπαμινώνδαν· ὁ δὲ τήν τε ἀσπίδα μεταπέμπεται τοῦ Ἀριστομένους καὶ ἐκόσμησεν ἀπʼ αὐτῆς τρόπαιον, ὅθεν τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἔσεσθαι σύνοπτον ἔμελλεν.
The opening genitive absolute introduces the oracle's arrival; δεηθῆναι is an infinitive reported with λέγουσιν, with Ἐπαμινώνδαν as its accusative subject and Ξενοκράτους as its genitive object. In the second clause, ἔμελλεν governs the future infinitive ἔσεσθαι; ὅθεν introduces the resulting visible trophy construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφικομένου | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V--GMP-SG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 χρησμοῦ | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 χρησμοῦ | det | high | |
| 4 | χρησμοῦ | χρησμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λέγουσιν | advcl | high | Head of genitive absolute. |
| 5 | δεηθῆναι | δέομαι | VERB | V---ANP-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 7 λέγουσιν | ccomp | medium | Infinitive of reported speech; passive morphology with deponent-related semantics. |
| 6 | Ξενοκράτους | Ξενοκράτης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 δεηθῆναι | obj | medium | Genitive complement of δεηθῆναι, ‘to ask Xenocrates’. |
| 7 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ἐπαμινώνδαν | Ἐπαμεινώνδας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 δεηθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 μεταπέμπεται | nsubj | high | Resumptive pronoun referring to Epaminondas. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 μεταπέμπεται | cc | high | |
| 12 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀσπίδα | det | high | |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 14 ἀσπίδα | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 14 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 μεταπέμπεται | obj | high | |
| 15 | μεταπέμπεται | μεταπέμπω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 λέγουσιν | parataxis | high | Middle voice: sends for/retrieves. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀριστομένους | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀσπίδα | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 19 ἐκόσμησεν | cc | high | Coordinates ἐκόσμησεν with μεταπέμπεται. |
| 19 | ἐκόσμησεν | κοσμέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 15 μεταπέμπεται | conj | high | |
| 20 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | P-----GA- | _ | 21 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 21 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 τρόπαιον | obl | high | Source/material complement of τρόπαιον. |
| 22 | τρόπαιον | τρόπαιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐκόσμησεν | obj | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ὅθεν | punct | high | |
| 24 | ὅθεν | ὅθεν | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 29 ἔμελλεν | advmod | medium | Relational adverb, ‘whence/from which’. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Λακεδαιμονίοις | det | high | |
| 26 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 σύνοπτον | obl | medium | Dative of reference, ‘visible to the Lacedaemonians’. |
| 27 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | V-FMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 29 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Future infinitive governed by ἔμελλεν. |
| 28 | σύνοπτον | σύνοπτος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἔσεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ἔσεσθαι. |
| 29 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 ἐκόσμησεν | parataxis | medium | Imperfect; subject is understood from context, likely the trophy. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσιν | punct | high |
ᾔδεσαν δὲ ἄρα τὴν ἀσπίδα οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἑωρακότες, ἀκοῇ δὲ καὶ πάντες·
Main verb ᾔδεσαν takes τὴν ἀσπίδα as object; οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν ... ἑωρακότες are a substantivized participial subgroup, contrasted with πάντες, who knew by report. The participle ἑωρακότες is perfect active nominative masculine plural.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ᾔδεσαν | οἶδα | VERB | V-PIAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning; parsed as pluperfect? Here conventional οἶδα imperfective present-system morphology is represented as present in UD. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ᾔδεσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ᾔδεσαν | discourse | medium | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF-- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀσπίδα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-AASF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ᾔδεσαν | obj | high | |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA--NPM-- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἑωρακότες | det | high | Substantivizing article with the participle. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 ἑωρακότες | cc | high | Correlative μέν, contrasting with later δέ. |
| 8 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GM3P---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 οἱ | nmod | medium | Partitive genitive, ‘of them’; gender follows the masculine group. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Λεβαδείᾳ | case | high | |
| 10 | Λεβαδείᾳ | Λεβαδεία | PROPN | N-LFS---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἑωρακότες | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν. |
| 11 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ἡσυχίαν | case | high | Elided κατά before a vowel. |
| 12 | ἡσυχίαν | ἡσυχία | NOUN | N-FA----A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἑωρακότες | obl | high | Accusative of manner with κατά. |
| 13 | ἑωρακότες | ὁράω | VERB | V-RPAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ᾔδεσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized perfect active participle, ‘those who had seen’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἑωρακότες | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἀκοῇ | ἀκοή | NOUN | N-LFS---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πάντες | obl | high | Dative of means, ‘by hearing/report’. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 πάντες | cc | high | Correlative contrast to μέν. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 πάντες | cc | high | Coordinates πάντες with the preceding subgroup. |
| 18 | πάντες | πᾶς | PRON | A-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ᾔδεσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective/pronominal form, ‘all’; implicit understood οἱ/people. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ᾔδεσαν | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἐγένετο ἡ νίκη Θηβαίοις, ἀποδιδόασιν αὖθις τῷ Τροφωνίῳ τὸ ἀνάθημα.
Temporal ὡς-clause: νίκη becomes the subject of ἐγένετο, with Θηβαίοις as dative of advantage/result; the main clause has an implicit subject (the Thebans), ἀποδιδόασιν agreeing in the present tense, and τῷ Τροφωνίῳ is the recipient of τὸ ἀνάθημα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀποδιδόασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective joining the subordinate and main clauses. |
| 3 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3S-MI-AOR | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 ἀποδιδόασιν | advcl | high | Aorist middle indicative, temporal subordinate-clause predicate. |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-N---FSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 νίκη | det | high | |
| 5 | νίκη | νίκη | NOUN | N--FSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 6 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-PPMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/possessor with γίγνομαι: victory came to the Thebans. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἀποδιδόασιν | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-3P-AI-PRE | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; subject is implicit, contextually the Thebans. |
| 9 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 ἀποδιδόασιν | advmod | high | Again/anew. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MDN | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Τροφωνίῳ | det | high | |
| 11 | Τροφωνίῳ | Τροφώνιος | PROPN | N-SMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδιδόασιν | iobj | high | Recipient of ἀποδιδόασιν. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνάθημα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-SN-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδιδόασιν | obj | high | Accusative direct object of ἀποδιδόασιν. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀποδιδόασιν | punct | high |
Ἀριστομένους δὲ καὶ χαλκοῦς ἀνδριάς ἐστιν ἐν τῷ Μεσσηνίων σταδίῳ·
Elliptical/copular construction: Ἀριστομένους is the accusative object/topic of an implied dedication or representation, while χαλκοῦς ἀνδριάς is the nominative subject/predicate of ἐστιν; Ἀριστομένους may alternatively be construed as an accusative of respect. χαλκοῦς is the expected masculine nominative plural form agreeing with ἀνδριάς only if ἀνδριάς is plural; the phrase is textually/morphologically difficult, so the analysis is tentative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀριστομένους | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | -------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Proper name in accusative; syntactic role is uncertain in the elliptical construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 χαλκοῦς | cc | high | Coordinates χαλκοῦς with the preceding understood or expressed nominal element. |
| 4 | χαλκοῦς | χάλκεος | ADJ | A----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀνδριάς | amod | low | Form is morphologically problematic; interpreted tentatively as masculine nominative plural adjective agreeing with an understood plural sense of ἀνδριάς. |
| 5 | ἀνδριάς | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | -------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Nominal form is ambiguous/problematic: construed here as nominative subject, although the ending may reflect a textual or inflectional irregularity. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | -------- | _ | 10 σταδίῳ | case | high | |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-SDNN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 σταδίῳ | det | high | |
| 9 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-GPMN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 σταδίῳ | nmod | high | |
| 10 | σταδίῳ | στάδιον | NOUN | N-SDN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Object of ἐν; location phrase. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τοῦ θεάτρου δὲ οὐ πόρω Σαράπιδός ἐστι καὶ Ἴσιδος ἱερόν.
Existential/copular ἐστι has predicate ἱερόν; τοῦ θεάτρου is a genitive of reference/separation with πόρω, and Σαράπιδος καὶ Ἴσιδος depend on ἱερόν as coordinated possessive genitives. The adverb πόρω is construed with οὐ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-dgn-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 θεάτρου | det | high | |
| 2 | θεάτρου | θέατρον | NOUN | N-dgn-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πόρω | obl | medium | Genitive with πόρω; construed as 'not far from the theatre'. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 πόρω | advmod | high | |
| 5 | πόρω | πόρρω | ADV | D--------- | _ | 7 ἐστι | advmod | medium | Adverbial predicate of distance; spelling πόρω is the transmitted form. |
| 6 | Σαράπιδός | Σάραπις | PROPN | Ne--------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Divine name in the genitive. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ἱερόν | cc | high | |
| 9 | Ἴσιδος | Ἶσις | PROPN | Nefg-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Σαράπιδός | conj | medium | Coordinated genitive; head attachment may alternatively be analyzed directly to ἱερόν. |
| 10 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-an--s | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἐστι. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high |