Pausanias Analysis

Passage 4.32.5

← 4.32.4 4.32.6 →

Passage 4.32.5: Trophonius' oracle commanding the use of Aristomenes' shield as a trophy.

Historical Skeptical

Greek Text

ἃ δὲ αὐτὸς ἤκουσα ἐν Θήβαις, εἰκὸς μέν τι παρείχετο ἐς τὸν Μεσσηνίων λόγον, οὐ μὴν παντάπασί γέ ἐστιν αὐτοῖς ὡμολογηκότα. φασὶ δὲ οἱ Θηβαῖοι μελλούσης τῆς μάχης ἔσεσθαί σφισιν ἐν Λεύκτροις ἐς ἄλλα τε ἀποστεῖλαι χρηστήρια καὶ ἐρησομένους τὸν ἐν Λεβαδείᾳ θεόν. λέγεται μὲν οὖν καὶ τὰ παρὰ τοῦ Ἰσμηνίου καὶ τοῦ Πτῴου, πρὸς δὲ τὰ ἐν Ἄβαις τε χρησθέντα καὶ τὰ ἐν Δελφοῖς· Τροφώνιον δέ φασιν εἰπεῖν ἑξαμέτρῳ· πρὶν δορὶ συμβαλέειν ἐχθροῖς, στήσασθε τρόπαιον, ἀσπίδα κοσμήσαντες ἐμήν, τὴν εἵσατο νηῷ θοῦρος Ἀριστομένης Μεσσήνιος. αὐτὰρ ἐγώ τοι ἀνδρῶν δυσμενέων φθίσω στρατὸν ἀσπιστάων.

English Translation

What I myself heard at Thebes presented some plausibility regarding the account given by the Messenians, but it certainly does not fully agree with their version. The Thebans say that, as the battle at Leuctra was imminent, they sent inquiries to various oracles, and among them they sought counsel from the god at Lebadeia. Accounts are given of responses from the temples of Ismenian Apollo and Ptoan Apollo, in addition to the oracles given at Abae and Delphi. But they report that Trophonius gave a reply in hexameter as follows: "Before engaging with your enemies in battle, Set up a trophy, adorning it with my shield, The shield which fierce Aristomenes the Messenian Dedicated within my temple. Then shall I Bring ruin upon the shield-bearing ranks of hostile men."

Proper Nouns

Ptoios (Πτῷος) deity
Trophonios (Τροφώνιος) deity
Ismenios (Ἰσμήνιος) deity
Also in: 4.27.6 9.10.2
Thebans (Θηβαῖοι) person
Messenians (Μεσσήνιοι) person
Messenians (Μεσσήνιος) person
Aristomenes (Ἀριστομένης) person
Delphi (Δελφοί) place Q75459 Pleiades
Thebes (Θῆβαι) place Q11225429
Lebadeia (Λεβάδεια) place Q11931280
Leuctra (Λεῦκτρα) place Q56761602
Abai (Ἄβαι) place Q304823
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