Grammar parses for passage 4.31.12
Open translation for this passage
Λεύκιππός τε Ἀφαρέως ἀδελφὸς καὶ Ἱλάειρά ἐστι καὶ Φοίβη, σὺν δέ σφισιν Ἀρσινόη.
The sentence is an asyndetic/copular list with coordination; σὺν δέ σφισιν forms a prepositional adjunct attached to the final named item.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λεύκιππός | Λεύκιππος | PROPN | N--MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀδελφὸς | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι; nominative proper name. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 Λεύκιππός | cc | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἀφαρέως | Ἀφαρεύς | PROPN | N--MSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀδελφὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀδελφός. |
| 4 | ἀδελφὸς | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N--MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative/subject complement with ἐστι. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 6 Ἱλάειρά | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 6 | Ἱλάειρά | Ἱλάειρα | PROPN | N--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | nsubj | medium | Coordinated nominal linked to ἐστι; analyzed as another nominative item in the list. |
| 7 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite copula, main predicate of the sentence. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 9 Φοίβη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | Φοίβη | Φοίβη | PROPN | N--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | conj | high | Coordinated nominative with Ἱλάειρα under the copula. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 11 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 σφισιν | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 12 | δέ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 14 Ἀρσινόη | discourse | medium | Postpositive connective/transition particle. |
| 13 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD--- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 Ἀρσινόη | obl | medium | Dative pronoun complement of σὺν; form is enclitic/oblique plural. |
| 14 | Ἀρσινόη | Ἀρσινόη | PROPN | N--FSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστι | conj | high | Additional coordinated nominative in the enumeration. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γέγραπται δὲ καὶ Ἀσκληπιός, Ἀρσινόης ὢν λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων, καὶ Μαχάων καὶ Ποδαλείριος, ὅτι ἔργου τοῦ πρὸς Ἰλίῳ καὶ τούτοις μέτεστι.
The main difficulty is the internal structure of Ἀρσινόης ὢν λόγῳ τῷ Μεσσηνίων and the genitive subject with μέτεστι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γέγραπται | γράφω | VERB | V-3SPI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ἀσκληπιός | cc | high | Connects coordinated proper nouns. |
| 4 | Ἀσκληπιός | Ἀσκληπιός | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γέγραπται | nsubj:pass | high | Passive subject of γέγραπται. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἀσκληπιός | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | Ἀρσινόης | Ἀρσινόη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὢν | obl | medium | Probably genitive dependent in the participial phrase. |
| 7 | ὢν | εἰμί | VERB | PAP-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 Ἀσκληπιός | advcl | high | Participle modifying Ἀσκληπιός. |
| 8 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὢν | xcomp | medium | Likely predicative/complementary dative with ὢν. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίων. |
| 10 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιοι | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 λόγῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of λόγῳ. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἀσκληπιός | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 Μαχάων | cc | high | Coordinates with Ἀσκληπιός. |
| 13 | Μαχάων | Μαχάων | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀσκληπιός | conj | high | Coordinated subject. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 Ποδαλείριος | cc | high | Coordinates names. |
| 15 | Ποδαλείριος | Ποδαλείριος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Μαχάων | conj | high | Further coordination. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 Μαχάων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 24 μέτεστι | mark | high | Introduces clause. |
| 18 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 μέτεστι | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of μέτεστι in genitive. |
| 19 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-GSN | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ἔργου | det | high | Article modifying ἔργου. |
| 20 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 21 Ἰλίῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 21 | Ἰλίῳ | Ἴλιον | PROPN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἔργου | nmod | medium | Dependent of ἔργου with preposition. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 τούτοις | cc | high | Coordinates with Ἰλίῳ. |
| 23 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 21 Ἰλίῳ | conj | high | Coordinated dative complement. |
| 24 | μέτεστι | μέτεστι | VERB | V-3SPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 γέγραπται | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the ὅτι-clause. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 μέτεστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ταύτας τὰς γραφὰς ἔγραψεν Ὀμφαλίων , Νικίου τοῦ Νικομήδους μαθητής·
Straightforward clause with apposition: Ὀμφαλίων is identified by the appositive phrase μαθητής, which takes two genitive modifiers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτας | οὗτος | DET | Pd--fa-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 3 γραφὰς | det | high | Demonstrative agreeing with γραφὰς. |
| 2 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Tf-fpa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 γραφὰς | det | high | Article modifying γραφὰς. |
| 3 | γραφὰς | γραφή | NOUN | N-ffaa-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἔγραψεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔγραψεν. |
| 4 | ἔγραψεν | γράφω | VERB | V-3AAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 5 | Ὀμφαλίων | Ὀμφαλίων | PROPN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔγραψεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔγραψεν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔγραψεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | Νικίου | Νίκιος | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μαθητής | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μαθητής. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Tf-msg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Νικομήδους | det | high | Article modifying Νικομήδους. |
| 9 | Νικομήδους | Νικομήδης | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μαθητής | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μαθητής. |
| 10 | μαθητής | μαθητής | NOUN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ὀμφαλίων | appos | high | Appositive identifying Ὀμφαλίων. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔγραψεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |