Grammar parses for passage 4.31.11
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ καὶ Μεσσήνης τῆς Τριόπα ναὸς καὶ ἄγαλμα χρυσοῦ καὶ λίθου Παρίου·
The clause is existential with two coordinated nominative predicates/subjects (ναός, ἄγαλμα) and genitive modifiers indicating possession/material; Τριόπα is morphologically and syntactically uncertain but most likely in apposition or close genitival relation to Μεσσήνης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as sentence root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ναὸς | cc | medium | Connects first coordinated predicate to following coordinated element. |
| 4 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-XXXXXX | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ναὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ναός, likely possessive/locative. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Τριόπα | det | high | Article modifying Τριόπα. |
| 6 | Τριόπα | Τριόπας | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Μεσσήνης | nmod | low | Likely an epithet or further genitive apposition to Μεσσήνης; form is somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | ναὸς | ναός | NOUN | N--S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστι. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | Coordinates ἄγαλμα with ναός. |
| 9 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | conj | high | Second coordinated subject/predicate nominal. |
| 10 | χρυσοῦ | χρυσός | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive material/composition modifier. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 λίθου | cc | high | Coordinates λίθου with χρυσοῦ. |
| 12 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 χρυσοῦ | conj | high | Coordinated genitive modifier. |
| 13 | Παρίου | Πάριος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 λίθου | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of λίθου. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
γραφαὶ δὲ κατὰ τοῦ ναοῦ τὸ ὄπισθεν αἱ βασιλεύσαντές εἰσι Μεσσήνης, πρὶν μὲν ἢ στόλον ἀφικέσθαι τὸν Δωριέων ἐς Πελοπόννησον Ἀφαρεὺς καὶ οἱ παῖδες, κατελθόντων δὲ Ἡρακλειδῶν Κρεσφόντης ἐστίν, ἡγεμὼν καὶ οὗτος τοῦ Δωρικοῦ, τῶν δὲ οἰκησάντων ἐν Πύλῳ Νέστωρ καὶ Θρασυμήδης καὶ Ἀντίλοχος, προτετιμημένοι παίδων τῶν Νέστορος ἡλικίᾳ καὶ ἐπὶ Τροίαν μετεσχηκότες τῆς στρατείας.
The sentence is a chain of appositional and participial descriptions with several genitive absolutes and ellipsis, especially around the predicative nominal phrases attached to Κρεσφόντης and the coordinated subjects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γραφαὶ | γραφή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 γραφαὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 5 ναοῦ | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ναοῦ | det | high | Article modifying ναοῦ. |
| 5 | ναοῦ | ναός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γραφαὶ | obl | high | Object of κατὰ. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὄπισθεν | det | high | Article modifying ὄπισθεν. |
| 7 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 1 γραφαὶ | advmod | high | Adverbial phrase meaning 'at the back'. |
| 8 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 βασιλεύσαντές | det | high | Article modifying βασιλεύσαντές. |
| 9 | βασιλεύσαντές | βασιλεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 γραφαὶ | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying γραφαί. |
| 10 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 βασιλεύσαντές | cop | high | Copula with participial predicate. |
| 11 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλεύσαντές | nmod | medium | Likely genitive of association/source; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γραφαὶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἀφικέσθαι | mark | high | Marks temporal clause. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 13 πρὶν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἀφικέσθαι | mark | high | Introduces infinitival comparison/temporal complement. |
| 16 | στόλον | στόλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφικέσθαι | obj | high | Subject of the infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 17 | ἀφικέσθαι | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 πρὶν | advcl | high | Infinitival temporal clause dependent on πρίν. |
| 18 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Δωριέων | det | high | Article modifying Δωριέων. |
| 19 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 στόλον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of στόλον. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 21 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 21 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφικέσθαι | obl | high | Goal of ἐς. |
| 22 | Ἀφαρεὺς | Ἀφαρεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀφικέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Predicate subject within the infinitival clause; interpretation somewhat uncertain. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 Ἀφαρεὺς | cc | high | Coordinates with παῖδες. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 παῖδες | det | high | Article modifying παῖδες. |
| 25 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Ἀφαρεὺς | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἀφαρεὺς. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀφικέσθαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 27 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 31 ἐστίν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 27 κατελθόντων | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 29 | Ἡρακλειδῶν | Ἡρακλείδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 κατελθόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 30 | Κρεσφόντης | Κρεσφόντης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Main clause subject. |
| 31 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula/root of this clause. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐστίν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 33 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστίν | nsubj | medium | Appositional/predicative title of Κρεσφόντης. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 33 ἡγεμὼν | cc | high | Coordinates appositive phrase. |
| 35 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 33 ἡγεμὼν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἡγεμών. |
| 36 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 Δωρικοῦ | det | high | Article modifying Δωρικοῦ. |
| 37 | Δωρικοῦ | Δωρικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 οὗτος | nmod | medium | Likely substantivized adjective in genitive phrase; relation to preceding noun somewhat elliptical. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐστίν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 39 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 41 οἰκησάντων | det | high | Article modifying οἰκησάντων. |
| 40 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 39 τῶν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 41 | οἰκησάντων | οἰκέω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 44 Νέστωρ | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 42 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 43 Πύλῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 43 | Πύλῳ | Πύλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 41 οἰκησάντων | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 44 | Νέστωρ | Νέστωρ | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Main nominal subject coordinated with other names. |
| 45 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 44 Νέστωρ | cc | high | Coordinates proper names. |
| 46 | Θρασυμήδης | Θρασυμήδης | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 44 Νέστωρ | conj | high | Coordinated with Νέστωρ. |
| 47 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 46 Θρασυμήδης | cc | high | Coordinates further name. |
| 48 | Ἀντίλοχος | Ἀντίλοχος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 Θρασυμήδης | conj | high | Coordinated with Θρασυμήδης. |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐστίν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 50 | προτετιμημένοι | προτιμάω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 44 Νέστωρ | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the coordinated subjects. |
| 51 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 50 προτετιμημένοι | nmod | high | Genitive complement of προτετιμημένοι. |
| 52 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 53 Νέστορος | det | high | Article modifying Νέστορος. |
| 53 | Νέστορος | Νέστωρ | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 51 παίδων | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παίδων. |
| 54 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 50 προτετιμημένοι | obl | medium | Dative of respect/criterion. |
| 55 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 50 προτετιμημένοι | cc | high | Coordinates participial modifiers. |
| 56 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 57 Τροίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 57 | Τροίαν | Τροία | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 58 μετεσχηκότες | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 58 | μετεσχηκότες | μετέχω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 44 Νέστωρ | conj | high | Participial modifier coordinated with προτετιμημένοι. |
| 59 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 60 στρατείας | det | high | Article modifying στρατείας. |
| 60 | στρατείας | στρατεία | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 58 μετεσχηκότες | obj | high | Genitive object/complement of μετεσχηκότες. |
| 61 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐστίν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |