Grammar parses for passage 4.31.4
Open translation for this passage
ἰόντι δὲ ἐκ Θουρίας ὡς ἐπὶ Ἀρκαδίας εἰσὶν αἱ πηγαὶ τοῦ Παμίσου·
Impersonal εἰσί with postposed subject αἱ πηγαί; ἰόντι is a dative circumstantial participle, and ὡς ἐπὶ Ἀρκαδίας gives directional orientation ('toward Arcadia').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | V-PAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 εἰσὶν | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, with an implicit traveler/subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 εἰσὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Θουρίας | case | high | Preposition governing Θουρίας. |
| 4 | Θουρίας | Θουρία | PROPN | Neol-Sf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἰόντι | obl | high | Genitive of departure with ἐκ. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἰόντι | mark | medium | Introduces the directional phrase associated with the participle. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ἀρκαδίας | case | high | With genitive, expressing orientation toward or vicinity of. |
| 7 | Ἀρκαδίας | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | Neol-Sf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἰόντι | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί; directional sense is contextually inferred. |
| 8 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentative predicate. |
| 9 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | P---NF-- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 πηγαὶ | det | high | |
| 10 | πηγαὶ | πηγή | NOUN | N---NF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | Postposed nominative subject of εἰσίν. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---MG-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Παμίσου | det | high | |
| 12 | Παμίσου | Πάμισος | PROPN | Neol-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 πηγαὶ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πηγαί, identifying the river. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἰσὶν | punct | high |
καὶ ἐπʼ αὐταῖς παισὶ μικροῖς ἀκέσματα γίνεται.
The prepositional phrase ἐπʼ αὐταῖς παισὶ μικροῖς is construed with ἐπί governing the dative and means that remedies arise even for small children; παισὶ and μικροῖς are coordinated in case, number, and gender, with μικροῖς modifying παισὶ. The impersonal γίνεται takes ἀκέσματα as its subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 γίνεται | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 παισὶ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί; governs the dative here. |
| 3 | αὐταῖς | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 παισὶ | det | medium | Dative feminine plural; substantival/pronominal use, likely referring to the remedies or relevant female persons/things in context. |
| 4 | παισὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-D---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γίνεται | obl | high | |
| 5 | μικροῖς | μικρός | ADJ | A-D---DM- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παισὶ | amod | high | |
| 6 | ἀκέσματα | ἄκεσμα | NOUN | N--PNA--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 γίνεται | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SPIE--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 γίνεται | punct | high |
ἰοῦσι δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν πηγῶν ἐν ἀριστερᾷ καὶ προελθόντι ὡς τεσσαράκοντα στάδια, ἔστι Μεσσηνίοις ἡ ὑπὸ τῇ Ἰθώμῃ πόλις·
The sentence uses an impersonal/locative ἔστι with πόλις as the notional subject; ἰοῦσι and προελθόντι are dative circumstantial participles, with the latter coordinated to the former and sharing the implied traveler reference. ὑπό with the dative locates the city beneath Ithome.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰοῦσι | εἶμι | VERB | V-PPAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 προελθόντι | advcl | high | Dative present participle, coordinated semantically with προελθόντι; implied travelers. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἰοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πηγῶν | case | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 πηγῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | πηγῶν | πηγή | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἰοῦσι | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἀριστερᾷ | case | high | |
| 7 | ἀριστερᾷ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | A-SDF | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἰοῦσι | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘on the left’. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 προελθόντι | cc | high | |
| 9 | προελθόντι | προέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἔστι | advcl | high | Dative circumstantial participle, ‘having proceeded’; coordinates with ἰοῦσι. |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 στάδια | advmod | high | Approximation marker with the numeral phrase. |
| 11 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | N-N-A | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 στάδια | nummod | medium | indeclinable cardinal; form is invariant, syntactic case inherited from στάδια. |
| 12 | στάδια | στάδιον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 προελθόντι | obl | high | Accusative measure/distance with προελθόντι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/locative predicate. |
| 15 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πόλις | iobj | high | Dative of possession: ‘for the Messenians’. |
| 16 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-SNF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πόλις | det | high | |
| 17 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Ἰθώμῃ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-SDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Ἰθώμῃ | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἰθώμῃ | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πόλις | obl | high | Object of ὑπό with locative meaning. |
| 20 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Notional subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἔστι | punct | high |
περιέχεται δὲ οὐ τῇ Ἰθώμῃ μόνον ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπὶ τὸν Πάμισον τὰ τετραμμένα ὑπὸ τῆς Εὔας·
The impersonal περιέχεται takes the dative Ἰθώμῃ as its first locative/域 argument and the prepositional phrase ἐπὶ τὸν Πάμισον as a second extent/location; τὰ τετραμμένα is the neuter plural subject, with ὑπό + genitive agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περιέχεται | περιέχω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive-like present middle form, ‘is contained/enclosed’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 περιέχεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 1 περιέχεται | advmod | high | Clausal negator. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 5 Ἰθώμῃ | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἰθώμῃ | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 1 περιέχεται | obl | high | Dative of location/extent with περιέχεται. |
| 6 | μόνον | μόνος | ADV | A-NSN | Degree=Pos | 5 Ἰθώμῃ | advmod | medium | Neuter adverbial form, modifying the dative phrase (‘only’). |
| 7 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Ἰθώμῃ | cc | high | Adversative coordinator in οὐ μόνον ... ἀλλά καί construction. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Coordinator introducing the second coordinated extent phrase. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | Case=Acc | 11 Πάμισον | case | high | ἐπί with accusative, indicating extension toward/as far as. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 11 Πάμισον | det | high | |
| 11 | Πάμισον | Πάμισος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 1 περιέχεται | obl | high | Accusative object of ἐπί in the second coordinated extent phrase. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 13 τετραμμένα | det | high | Article with substantivized participle. |
| 13 | τετραμμένα | τρέπω | VERB | V-RPP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 περιέχεται | nsubj:pass | high | Substantivized perfect passive participle, ‘the things turned/diverted’. |
| 14 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | Case=Gen | 16 Εὔας | case | high | Agent marker with passive participle. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 16 Εὔας | det | high | |
| 16 | Εὔας | Εὔα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 13 τετραμμένα | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent of τετραμμένα. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 περιέχεται | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ὄνομα γενέσθαι τῷ ὄρει φασὶ Βακχικόν τι ἐπίφθεγμα εὐοῖ Διονύσου πρῶτον ἐνταῦθα αὐτοῦ τε εἰπόντος καὶ τῶν ὁμοῦ τῷ Διονύσῳ γυναικῶν.
The infinitive γενέσθαι is the complement of φασί; εἰπόντος with αὐτοῦ is a genitive absolute, while τῶν ... γυναικῶν is coordinated as its second participant with an elided participle.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 φασὶ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-S--NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 4 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασί. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-S--ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative with γενέσθαι, denoting the recipient/possessor of the name. |
| 7 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Βακχικόν | βακχικός | ADJ | A-S--NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπίφθεγμα | amod | high | |
| 9 | τι | τις | DET | P-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπίφθεγμα | det | high | Indefinite determiner. |
| 10 | ἐπίφθεγμα | ἐπίφθεγμα | NOUN | N-S--NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/complement with γενέσθαι. |
| 11 | εὐοῖ | εὐοῖ | INTJ | X-------- | _ | 10 ἐπίφθεγμα | appos | medium | Bacchic ritual cry, naming the utterance. |
| 12 | Διονύσου | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-S---抑 | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εὐοῖ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εὐοῖ. |
| 13 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 εἰπόντος | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'for the first time'. |
| 14 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 εἰπόντος | advmod | high | |
| 15 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 17 εἰπόντος | nmod | medium | Genitive absolute with εἰπόντος; refers to Dionysus. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 εἰπόντος | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive-absolute participants/clauses. |
| 17 | εἰπόντος | λέγω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 γενέσθαι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, with αὐτοῦ. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 γυναικῶν | cc | high | |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 γυναικῶν | det | high | |
| 20 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 γυναικῶν | advmod | high | Together/along with. |
| 21 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Διονύσῳ | det | high | |
| 22 | Διονύσῳ | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ὁμοῦ | obl | high | Dative complement of ὁμοῦ. |
| 23 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 εἰπόντος | conj | medium | Coordinated genitive-absolute participant; understood with an elided participle. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 7 φασὶ | punct | high |