Pausanias Analysis

ἰόντι δὲ τὴν ἐπʼ Ἀρκαδίας ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν ἐστὶν ἐν ταῖς πύλαις Ἑρμῆς τέχνης τῆς Ἀττικῆς.

The opening dative participle ἰόντι introduces the traveler’s movement toward Μεγάλη πόλις; the main clause is existential, with Ἑρμῆς as subject and location ἐν ταῖς πύλαις.

Ἀθηναίων γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τετράγωνόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἑρμαῖς, καὶ παρὰ τούτων μεμαθήκασιν οἱ ἄλλοι.

The first clause states that the characteristic square form is on the Athenian Hermai; μεμαθήκασιν takes παρὰ τούτων as source (‘learned from these’), with οἱ ἄλλοι as subject. The article-noun combinations τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τετράγωνον are analyzed as noun plus postposed adjectival modifier.

σταδίους δὲ καταβάντι ἀπὸ τῶν πυλῶν τριάκοντα τὸ ῥεῦμά ἐστι τῆς Βαλύρας.

The sentence identifies the stream as the Balura's and gives its location: after descending thirty stadia from the gates. The dative participle καταβάντι is treated as an adverbial participle with an implicit traveler subject.

γενέσθαι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῷ ποταμῷ λέγουσι Θαμύριδος τὴν λύραν ἐνταῦθα ἀποβαλόντος ἐπὶ τῇ πηρώσει.

Infinitival naming construction: τὸ ὄνομα is the accusative subject of γενέσθαι, with τῷ ποταμῷ as dative possessor/reference. λέγουσι introduces the reported infinitive; Θαμύριδος ἀποβαλόντος is a genitive absolute, and ἐπὶ τῇ πηρώσει gives the circumstance/cause of the loss.

παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν Φιλάμμωνος καὶ Ἀργιόπης τῆς νύμφης εἶναι.

Accusative-and-infinitive construction: αὐτὸν is the infinitive's subject, παῖδα its predicate accusative; the genitives express parentage, with τῆς νύμφης appositional to Ἀργιόπης.

τὴν δὲ Ἀργιόπην τέως μὲν περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν οἰκεῖν, ἐπεὶ δὲ εἶχεν ἐν γαστρί, ἐς Ὀδρύσας λέγουσι μετοικῆσαι.

Accusative-and-infinitive construction after λέγουσι: Ἀργιόπην is the subject of οἰκεῖν and μετοικῆσαι; ἐπεὶ introduces a finite temporal/circumstantial clause, with εἶχεν understood as pregnant. The exact scope of τέως and μὲν is somewhat interpretive.

Φιλάμμωνα γὰρ οὐκ ἐθέλειν ἐς τὸν οἶκον αὐτὴν ἄγεσθαι.

The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Φιλάμμωνα is the accusative subject of ἐθέλειν, with ἄγεσθαι as its complementary infinitive; αὐτήν is the accusative object/patient of the passive ἄγεσθαι.

καὶ Θάμυριν μὲν Ὀδρύσην τε καὶ Θρᾷκα ἐπὶ τούτῳ καλοῦσιν.

Θάμυριν is the object of καλοῦσιν and is contrasted by μέν; Ὀδρύσην τε καὶ Θρᾷκα are coordinated accusative appositives/predicative object descriptions. ἐπὶ τούτῳ is an idiomatic causal adjunct, analyzed as ἐπί with the dative.

ἡ δὲ Λευκασία καὶ Ἄμφιτος συμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τὰ ῥεύματα.

The coordinated nominative subjects Λευκασία and Ἄμφιτος govern plural συμβάλλουσιν; ἐς τὸ αὐτό is a prepositional goal/comitative phrase, while τὰ ῥεύματα is the accusative object.