Grammar parses for passage 4.33.3
Open translation for this passage
ἰόντι δὲ τὴν ἐπʼ Ἀρκαδίας ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν ἐστὶν ἐν ταῖς πύλαις Ἑρμῆς τέχνης τῆς Ἀττικῆς.
The clause is structurally difficult because Ἑρμῆς τέχνης τῆς Ἀττικῆς may be appositional or belong to an omitted copular frame; I treated Ἑρμῆς as the most likely nominative subject linked to ἐστίν, but uncertainty remains.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἰόντι | εἶμι | VERB | PAP-SMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἐστὶν | advcl | high | Dative participle referring to the implied traveler. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ATR-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πόλιν | det | high | Article modifying πόλιν. |
| 4 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Ἀρκαδίας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀρκαδίας. |
| 5 | Ἀρκαδίας | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N-P---F-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πόλιν. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing πόλιν. |
| 7 | Μεγάλην | μέγας | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλιν | amod | high | Attributive adjective with πόλιν. |
| 8 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐστίν, with embedded prepositional phrase. |
| 9 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential predicate. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 πύλαις | case | high | Preposition governing πύλαις. |
| 11 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | ATR-PDF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 πύλαις | det | high | Article modifying πύλαις. |
| 12 | πύλαις | πύλη | NOUN | N-PDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Locative oblique dependent of ἐστίν. |
| 13 | Ἑρμῆς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N--S---M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐστὶν | nsubj | low | Likely nominative subject of an implied/elliptical clause or apposition; syntax is uncertain. |
| 14 | τέχνης | τέχνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἑρμῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Ἑρμῆς. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀττικῆς | det | high | Article modifying Ἀττικῆς. |
| 16 | Ἀττικῆς | Ἀττική | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τέχνης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τέχνης. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀθηναίων γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τετράγωνόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἑρμαῖς, καὶ παρὰ τούτων μεμαθήκασιν οἱ ἄλλοι.
Two coordinated clauses share the discourse particle γάρ; the first is copular with an oblique PP, and the second has a perfect verb meaning 'have learned' with a genitive source phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 σχῆμα | nmod | high | Genitive of source/possession with σχῆμα; adjectival ethnicon used substantively. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 σχῆμα | det | high | Article with σχῆμα. |
| 4 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 τετράγωνόν | det | high | Article with τετράγωνόν. |
| 6 | τετράγωνόν | τετράγωνος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 σχῆμα | amod | high | Predicate/adjectival modifier of σχῆμα. |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 10 Ἑρμαῖς | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 Ἑρμαῖς | det | high | Article with Ἑρμαῖς. |
| 10 | Ἑρμαῖς | Ἑρμῆς | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἐστιν introduced by ἐπί. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 μεμαθήκασιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 13 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | _ | _ | 14 τούτων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 14 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 15 μεμαθήκασιν | obl | high | Oblique complement with παρὰ. |
| 15 | μεμαθήκασιν | μανθάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause main verb; perfect with present sense. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 ἄλλοι | det | high | Article with ἄλλοι. |
| 17 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 μεμαθήκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of μεμαθήκασιν. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 μεμαθήκασιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γενέσθαι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῷ ποταμῷ λέγουσι Θαμύριδος τὴν λύραν ἐνταῦθα ἀποβαλόντος ἐπὶ τῇ πηρώσει.
The main clause has λέγουσι with an infinitival complement γενέσθαι; the participial phrase Ἀποβαλόντος... forms a genitive absolute modifying the reported event.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AONINF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Complement infinitive of λέγουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with ὄνομα. |
| 4 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of γενέσθαι in indirect statement. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article with ποταμῷ. |
| 6 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/recipient with γενέσθαι. |
| 7 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | Θαμύριδος | Θάμυρις | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 λύραν | det | high | Article with λύραν. |
| 10 | λύραν | λύρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | obj | high | Object of ἀποβαλόντος. |
| 11 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | advmod | high | Adverb modifying participle. |
| 12 | ἀποβαλόντος | ἀποβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-SGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 λέγουσι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 15 πηρώσει | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 πηρώσει | det | high | Article with πηρώσει. |
| 15 | πηρώσει | πήρωσις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | obl | high | Prepositional phrase dependent on participle. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν Φιλάμμωνος καὶ Ἀργιόπης τῆς νύμφης εἶναι.
Indirect statement with accusative subject: παῖδα ... αὐτὸν εἶναι; the genitives express parentage, with Ἀργιόπης followed by appositive νύμφης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative subject/predicate complement in indirect statement with infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g-------- | _ | 9 εἶναι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | Φιλάμμωνος | Φιλάμμων | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παῖδα, indicating parentage. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 4 Φιλάμμωνος | cc | high | Coordinator linking the two genitives. |
| 6 | Ἀργιόπης | Ἀργιόπη | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Φιλάμμωνος | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive name. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 νύμφης | det | high | Article modifying νύμφης. |
| 8 | νύμφης | νύμφη | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀργιόπης | appos | medium | Appositional description of Ἀργιόπης; could also be viewed as a noun phrase in apposition. |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | v--pana--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitive governing an indirect statement. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἶναι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τὴν δὲ Ἀργιόπην τέως μὲν περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν οἰκεῖν, ἐπεὶ δὲ εἶχεν ἐν γαστρί, ἐς Ὀδρύσας λέγουσι μετοικῆσαι.
The sentence is a reported content construction with λέγουσι governing two infinitival complements, the first one coordinated/paired by μὲν...δὲ and containing a temporal clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀργιόπην | det | high | Article modifying Ἀργιόπην. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 19 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀργιόπην | Ἀργιόπη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 οἰκεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitival clause. |
| 4 | τέως | τέως | ADV | _ | _ | 9 οἰκεῖν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb with οἰκεῖν. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 9 οἰκεῖν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 6 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 8 Παρνασσὸν | case | high | Preposition governing τὸν Παρνασσόν. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Παρνασσὸν | det | high | Article modifying Παρνασσὸν. |
| 8 | Παρνασσὸν | Παρνασσός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 οἰκεῖν | obl | high | Prepositional object of περὶ. |
| 9 | οἰκεῖν | οἰκέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγουσι. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 οἰκεῖν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | _ | _ | 13 εἶχεν | mark | high | Introduces temporal clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 εἶχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 19 λέγουσι | advcl | high | Verb of the temporal clause. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 15 γαστρί | case | high | Preposition governing γαστρί. |
| 15 | γαστρί | γαστήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχεν | obl | high | Oblique complement with ἐν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἶχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 18 Ὀδρύσας | case | high | Preposition governing Ὀδρύσας. |
| 18 | Ὀδρύσας | Ὀδρύσας | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 μετοικῆσαι | obl | medium | Likely accusative plural ethnonym, complement of μετοικῆσαι. |
| 19 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 20 | μετοικῆσαι | μετοικέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of λέγουσι. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ Θάμυριν μὲν Ὀδρύσην τε καὶ Θρᾷκα ἐπὶ τούτῳ καλοῦσιν.
The syntax is straightforward; Θάμυριν, Ὀδρύσην, and Θρᾷκα form the object naming the figure, with ἐπὶ τούτῳ giving the reason or basis for the naming.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction introducing the clause. |
| 2 | Θάμυριν | Θάμυρις | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | Object of καλοῦσιν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 Θάμυριν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle with emphatic/contrastive force. |
| 4 | Ὀδρύσην | Ὀδρύσης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Θάμυριν | appos | medium | Likely apposition to Θάμυριν; case matches accusative object. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 4 Ὀδρύσην | cc | high | Enclitic connective attached to the coordinated item. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 Θρᾷκα | cc | high | Coordinates Θρᾷκα with the preceding noun. |
| 7 | Θρᾷκα | Θρᾷξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ὀδρύσην | conj | high | Second coordinated accusative name/ethnic. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 9 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τούτῳ. |
| 9 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί, expressing basis/ground. |
| 10 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καλοῦσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἡ δὲ Λευκασία καὶ Ἄμφιτος συμβάλλουσιν ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τὰ ῥεύματα.
Coordinate nominative subjects with a plural verb; the phrase ἐς τὸ αὐτὸ τὰ ῥεύματα is syntactically somewhat compressed, with αὐτὸ functioning substantively or adverbially.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Λευκασία | det | high | Article modifying Λευκασία. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Λευκασία | Λευκασία | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of συμβάλλουσιν. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 Λευκασία | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects. |
| 5 | Ἄμφιτος | Ἄμφιτος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Λευκασία | conj | high | Second conjunct with Λευκασία. |
| 6 | συμβάλλουσιν | συμβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 7 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ αὐτὸ. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 αὐτὸ | det | high | Article with αὐτὸ. |
| 9 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ῥεύματα | obl | medium | Likely substantive/adjectival noun phrase after ἐς, 'the same (place)'; head chosen with τὰ ῥεύματα as apposition-like modifier relationship. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ῥεύματα | det | high | Article with ῥεύματα. |
| 11 | ῥεύματα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐς. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συμβάλλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |