Grammar parses for passage 4.33.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀθηναίων γὰρ τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τετράγωνόν ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῖς Ἑρμαῖς, καὶ παρὰ τούτων μεμαθήκασιν οἱ ἄλλοι.
The first clause states that the characteristic square form is on the Athenian Hermai; μεμαθήκασιν takes παρὰ τούτων as source (‘learned from these’), with οἱ ἄλλοι as subject. The article-noun combinations τὸ σχῆμα τὸ τετράγωνον are analyzed as noun plus postposed adjectival modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A-G---P- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 σχῆμα | nmod | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 7 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 σχῆμα | det | high | |
| 4 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 τετράγωνόν | det | high | Postposed article introducing the adjectival modifier. |
| 6 | τετράγωνόν | τετράγωνος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 σχῆμα | amod | high | |
| 7 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ἑρμαῖς | case | high | With dative: location. |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἑρμαῖς | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἑρμαῖς | ἑρμῆς | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐστιν | obl | high | Proper/common noun referring to herm-statues; dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 μεμαθήκασιν | cc | high | |
| 13 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 τούτων | case | high | With genitive: source. |
| 14 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 μεμαθήκασιν | obl | high | Demonstrative pronoun used substantivally. |
| 15 | μεμαθήκασιν | μανθάνω | VERB | V-RIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 7 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; perfect denotes acquired knowledge. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἄλλοι | det | high | |
| 17 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 μεμαθήκασιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘the others’. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐστιν | punct | high |
σταδίους δὲ καταβάντι ἀπὸ τῶν πυλῶν τριάκοντα τὸ ῥεῦμά ἐστι τῆς Βαλύρας.
The sentence identifies the stream as the Balura's and gives its location: after descending thirty stadia from the gates. The dative participle καταβάντι is treated as an adverbial participle with an implicit traveler subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | σταδίους | στάδιος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 τριάκοντα | obl | high | Distance measure, coordinated semantically with τριάκοντα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καταβάντι | καταβαίνω | VERB | V-APPMSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστι | advcl | medium | Dative aorist participle, with implicit/understood subject referring to the traveler; καταβαίνω governs movement downward. |
| 4 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 πυλῶν | case | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 πυλῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | πυλῶν | πύλη | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 καταβάντι | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 7 | τριάκοντα | τριάκοντα | NUM | ADJ-NUM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστι | obl | high | Accusative of extent of distance; understood with σταδίους. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ῥεῦμά | det | high | |
| 9 | ῥεῦμά | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Βαλύρας | det | high | |
| 12 | Βαλύρας | Βαλύρα | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ῥεῦμά | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ῥεῦμα: the stream of the Balura. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστι | punct | high |
γενέσθαι δὲ τὸ ὄνομα τῷ ποταμῷ λέγουσι Θαμύριδος τὴν λύραν ἐνταῦθα ἀποβαλόντος ἐπὶ τῇ πηρώσει.
Infinitival naming construction: τὸ ὄνομα is the accusative subject of γενέσθαι, with τῷ ποταμῷ as dative possessor/reference. λέγουσι introduces the reported infinitive; Θαμύριδος ἀποβαλόντος is a genitive absolute, and ἐπὶ τῇ πηρώσει gives the circumstance/cause of the loss.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--ANM-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 λέγουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 4 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 6 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-SDM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὄνομα | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession with ὄνομα. |
| 7 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Θαμύριδος | Θάμυρις | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 λύραν | det | high | |
| 10 | λύραν | λύρα | NOUN | N-SFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | obj | high | Object of ἀποβαλόντος. |
| 11 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 12 | ἀποβαλόντος | ἀποβάλλω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 γενέσθαι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 πηρώσει | case | high | ἐπί with dative. |
| 14 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-SFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πηρώσει | det | high | |
| 15 | πηρώσει | πήρωσις | NOUN | N-SFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποβαλόντος | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐπί; circumstance or cause of the loss. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λέγουσι | punct | high |
παῖδα δὲ αὐτὸν Φιλάμμωνος καὶ Ἀργιόπης τῆς νύμφης εἶναι.
Accusative-and-infinitive construction: αὐτὸν is the infinitive's subject, παῖδα its predicate accusative; the genitives express parentage, with τῆς νύμφης appositional to Ἀργιόπης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Accusative predicate nominative of εἶναι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 εἶναι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 9 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | Φιλάμμωνος | Φιλάμμων | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 παῖδα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on παῖδα, indicating parentage. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 Ἀργιόπης | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive parent names. |
| 6 | Ἀργιόπης | Ἀργιόπη | PROPN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 παῖδα | conj | high | Second genitive dependent on παῖδα, coordinated with Φιλάμμωνος. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 νύμφης | det | high | Article modifying νύμφης. |
| 8 | νύμφης | νύμφη | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀργιόπης | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀργιόπης. |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | vnpap---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Infinitival predicate, with accusative subject and predicate accusative. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἶναι | punct | high |
τὴν δὲ Ἀργιόπην τέως μὲν περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν οἰκεῖν, ἐπεὶ δὲ εἶχεν ἐν γαστρί, ἐς Ὀδρύσας λέγουσι μετοικῆσαι.
Accusative-and-infinitive construction after λέγουσι: Ἀργιόπην is the subject of οἰκεῖν and μετοικῆσαι; ἐπεὶ introduces a finite temporal/circumstantial clause, with εἶχεν understood as pregnant. The exact scope of τέως and μὲν is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | δα-ας | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀργιόπην | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 λέγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀργιόπην | Ἀργιόπη | PROPN | Ne----Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 λέγουσι | ccomp:pred | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitival complements. |
| 4 | τέως | τέως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 οἰκεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df-------- | _ | 9 οἰκεῖν | discourse | medium | Correlative particle, opposed to the later δέ. |
| 6 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Παρνασσὸν | case | high | |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | δα-ας | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Παρνασσὸν | det | high | |
| 8 | Παρνασσὸν | Παρνασσός | PROPN | Ne----Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 οἰκεῖν | obl | high | |
| 9 | οἰκεῖν | οἰκέω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 μετοικῆσαι | xcomp | high | First infinitive in the reported accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 οἰκεῖν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 εἶχεν | mark | high | Temporal/circumstantial subordinator. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 εἶχεν | cc | high | Correlative with μὲν at token 5. |
| 13 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 20 μετοικῆσαι | advcl | medium | Imperfect εἶχεν, likely pregnant/elliptical ‘was pregnant’; γαστρί specifies the condition. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 γαστρί | case | high | |
| 15 | γαστρί | γαστήρ | NOUN | Nf-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχεν | obl | high | Idiomatic phrase ἐν γαστρὶ ἔχειν. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἶχεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 Ὀδρύσας | case | high | |
| 18 | Ὀδρύσας | Ὀδρύσαι | PROPN | Ne----Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 μετοικῆσαι | obl | high | Destination in the plural place-name. |
| 19 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | μετοικῆσαι | μετοικέω | VERB | V--AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Second infinitive coordinated in the reported construction; subject is Ἀργιόπην. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 λέγουσι | punct | high |
καὶ Θάμυριν μὲν Ὀδρύσην τε καὶ Θρᾷκα ἐπὶ τούτῳ καλοῦσιν.
Θάμυριν is the object of καλοῦσιν and is contrasted by μέν; Ὀδρύσην τε καὶ Θρᾷκα are coordinated accusative appositives/predicative object descriptions. ἐπὶ τούτῳ is an idiomatic causal adjunct, analyzed as ἐπί with the dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 καλοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Θάμυριν | Θάμυρις | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καλοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 Θάμυριν | cc | high | |
| 4 | Ὀδρύσην | Ὀδρύσης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Θάμυριν | appos | high | Ethnic/name apposition to Θάμυριν. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Ὀδρύσην | cc | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 Θρᾷκα | cc | high | Coordinates the final appositive with Ὀδρύσην. |
| 7 | Θρᾷκα | Θρᾷξ | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Θάμυριν | appos | high | Coordinated apposition to Θάμυριν. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 9 τούτῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative. |
| 9 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 καλοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative governed by ἐπί; causal adjunct. |
| 10 | καλοῦσιν | καλέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 καλοῦσιν | punct | high |