Grammar parses for passage 4.34.2
Open translation for this passage
διάφοροι δὲ τὸ εἶδος μάλιστα ἰχθῦς ἀναθέουσιν ἐς τὸν Πάμισον ἅτε ἐς ὕδωρ καθαρὸν καὶ οὐ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ τοῖς κατειλεγμένοις ποταμοῖς ἰλυῶδες·
The subject διάφοροι is predicative with an implicit/elliptical sense ‘different in kind’; τὸ εἶδος is an accusative of respect with μάλιστα. The final adjective ἰλυῶδες is predicative in an elliptical comparison, contrasting the clear water of the Pamisus with the silt-laden rivers previously listed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διάφοροι | διάφορος | ADJ | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀναθέουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἀναθέουσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 εἶδος | det | high | |
| 4 | εἶδος | εἶδος | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 διάφοροι | obl | medium | Accusative of respect: ‘different especially in appearance/kind’. |
| 5 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 1 διάφοροι | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἰχθῦς | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N-PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀναθέουσιν | obj | high | Contracted/irregular plural accusative. |
| 7 | ἀναθέουσιν | ἀναθέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Πάμισον | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Πάμισον | det | high | |
| 10 | Πάμισον | Πάμισος | PROPN | Ne-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀναθέουσιν | obl | high | |
| 11 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 13 ὕδωρ | mark | medium | Introduces the causal/explanatory participial-like clause: ‘as being’. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 ὕδωρ | case | high | |
| 13 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀναθέουσιν | obl | medium | Accusative after ἐς; ἅτε introduces the explanatory comparison/characterization. |
| 14 | καθαρὸν | καθαρός | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | amod | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἰλυῶδες | cc | medium | Coordinates the positive characterization with the contrasting elliptical predicate. |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἰλυῶδες | advmod | high | |
| 17 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 αὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 αὐτὰ | det | high | |
| 19 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-PNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 23 ἰλυῶδες | obl | medium | Substantivized/neuter plural with κατά, ‘in the same way as’. |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-PMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ποταμοῖς | det | high | |
| 21 | κατειλεγμένοις | καταλέγω | VERB | V-RMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 ποταμοῖς | acl | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle, ‘those previously listed’; form and voice are somewhat orthographically variable. |
| 22 | ποταμοῖς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-PMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 αὐτὰ | nmod | high | Dative complement of comparison with κατά understood as ‘as the listed rivers’. |
| 23 | ἰλυῶδες | ἰλυώδης | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ὕδωρ | conj | medium | Elliptical predicative adjective, ‘silt-laden’; agreement with an implicit neuter singular ὕδωρ is understood. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀναθέουσιν | punct | high |
οἱ κέφαλοι δέ, ἅτε ἰχθύων ὄντες τῶν πηλαίων, ποταμῶν φίλοι τῶν θολερωτέρων εἰσί.
The participial phrase ἅτε ἰχθύων ὄντες τῶν πηλαίων is causal/explanatory: ‘being muddy-water fish’; φίλοι agrees with the masculine subject and takes ποταμῶν τῶν θολερωτέρων as a genitive of association/object. The exact semantic relation of the two genitives with φίλοι is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-n-----mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 2 κέφαλοι | det | high | |
| 2 | κέφαλοι | κέφαλος | NOUN | Nน--mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἰσί | nsubj | high | Lexical noun ‘mullet’; masculine nominative plural. |
| 3 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 εἰσί | cc | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἰσί | punct | high | |
| 5 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 7 ὄντες | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory/circumstantial participial clause. |
| 6 | ἰχθύων | ἰχθύς | NOUN | N----mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὄντες | xcomp | medium | Predicate genitive with ὄντες, ‘being fish’; alternatively analyzed as a predicative complement. |
| 7 | ὄντες | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 εἰσί | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with κέφαλοι. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-g----mn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 πηλαίων | det | high | |
| 9 | πηλαίων | πηλαῖος | ADJ | A--gmn- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἰχθύων | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive ‘muddy, marshy’ modifying ἰχθύων. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὄντες | punct | high | |
| 11 | ποταμῶν | ποταμός | NOUN | N----mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 φίλοι | nmod | medium | Genitive complement of φίλοι, likely ‘fond of/frequenting rivers’. |
| 12 | φίλοι | φίλος | ADJ | A--pmn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 εἰσί | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰσί. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-g----mn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 θολερωτέρων | det | high | |
| 14 | θολερωτέρων | θολερός | ADJ | A--gmnc | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ποταμῶν | amod | high | Comparative adjective modifying ποταμῶν: ‘more turbid’. |
| 15 | εἰσί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἰσί | punct | high |