Grammar parses for passage 4.34.3
Open translation for this passage
ὁ δὲ Ἰνδὸς καὶ ὁ Νεῖλος κροκοδείλους μὲν ἀμφότεροι, Νεῖλος δὲ παρέχεται καὶ ἵππους, οὐκ ἔλασσον ἢ ὁ κροκόδειλος κακὸν ἀνθρώποις.
The first clause is an elliptical copular/possessive construction: ὁ Ἰνδός and ὁ Νεῖλος are coordinated subjects with κροκοδείλους as the understood shared object/predicate of possession; παρέχεται takes ἵππους as an additional object. The final οὐκ ἔλασσον ... κακόν is an accusative comparison, with κακόν functioning predicatively/complementarily and ἀνθρώποις as dative of reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἰνδὸς | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 13 παρέχεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἰνδὸς | Ἰνδός | PROPN | NPM-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρέχεται | nsubj | medium | Coordinated with Νεῖλος; first clause is elliptical. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Νεῖλος | cc | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Νεῖλος | det | high | |
| 6 | Νεῖλος | Νεῖλος | PROPN | NPM-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἰνδὸς | conj | high | Coordinated subject with Ἰνδός. |
| 7 | κροκοδείλους | κροκόδειλος | NOUN | NAM-PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 παρέχεται | obj | medium | Object shared elliptically by the first clause and explicit with παρέχεται. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 κροκοδείλους | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 9 | ἀμφότεροι | ἀμφότερος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Dual|PronType=Ind | 3 Ἰνδὸς | appos | medium | Dual appositional/explanatory form referring to the two rivers. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 11 | Νεῖλος | Νεῖλος | PROPN | NPM-SNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Resumed subject of παρέχεται. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 13 παρέχεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V3SPI-MID | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate; middle voice means 'provides/affords' here. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἵππους | cc | high | Coordinates the additional object. |
| 15 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | NAM-PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 παρέχεται | obj | high | |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 17 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 18 ἔλασσον | advmod | high | Negates the comparative predicate. |
| 18 | ἔλασσον | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A-CN-NA | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 παρέχεται | advmod | medium | Accusative neuter comparative used adverbially/predicatively: 'no less'. |
| 19 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἔλασσον | case | medium | Comparative conjunction introducing the standard. |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 κροκόδειλος | det | high | |
| 21 | κροκόδειλος | κροκόδειλος | NOUN | NAM-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἢ | obl | medium | Comparative standard after ἤ; nominative reflects the elliptical comparison. |
| 22 | κακὸν | κακός | ADJ | A-SNA | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἔλασσον | xcomp | medium | Accusative neuter predicative/complementary to the understood measure of harm. |
| 23 | ἀνθρώποις | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | NPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 κακὸν | obl | high | Dative of reference: harmful to humans. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 παρέχεται | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ Ἑλλήνων ποταμοὶ δείματα ὡς ἀπὸ θηρίων εἰσὶν οὐδέν, ἐπεὶ καὶ Ἀώῳ τῷ διὰ τῆς Θεσπρωτίδος ῥέοντι ἠπείρου θηρία οὐ ποτάμια οἱ κύνες, ἀλλὰ ἐπήλυδές εἰσιν ἐκ θαλάσσης.
The first clause has εἰσὶν with predicate δείματα and οὐδέν as a predicative negator ('are no terrors'); the ἐπεὶ clause is elliptical, with οἱ κύνες as subject and θηρία/ποτάμια as coordinated predicates, while Ἀώῳ is dative of reference. The relative participle ῥέοντι modifies Ἀώῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ποταμοὶ | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 εἰσὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-----GM-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ποταμοὶ | nmod | high | |
| 4 | ποταμοὶ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 δείματα | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | δείματα | δεῖμα | NOUN | N-----NN-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 εἰσὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative with copular εἰσίν; constituent order is marked. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀπὸ | mark | medium | Introduces the comparison/content phrase ὡς ἀπὸ θηρίων. |
| 7 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 θηρίων | case | high | |
| 8 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | N-----GN-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 δείματα | nmod | medium | Genitive governed by ἀπό; phrase modifies δείματα. |
| 9 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | VSPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-----NN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 9 εἰσὶν | obl | medium | Predicative οὐδέν ('nothing/no terror') in an idiomatic negating construction. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσὶν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 εἰσιν | mark | high | Introduces explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 Ἀώῳ | advmod | high | Additive particle modifying the dative phrase. |
| 14 | Ἀώῳ | Ἄωος | PROPN | Ne-----DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ῥέοντι | obl | medium | Dative of reference with an elliptical clause. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-----DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ῥέοντι | det | high | |
| 16 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 Θεσπρωτίδος | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-----GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 Θεσπρωτίδος | det | high | |
| 18 | Θεσπρωτίδος | Θεσπρωτίς | PROPN | Ne-----GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ῥέοντι | obl | high | Object of διά in the sense 'through Thesprotis'. |
| 19 | ῥέοντι | ῥέω | VERB | VPPADM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 Ἀώῳ | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Ἄωῳ. |
| 20 | ἠπείρου | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-----GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ῥέοντι | obl | low | Form and syntax are textually difficult; likely a genitive associated with ῥέοντι, but exact relation is uncertain. |
| 21 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | N-----NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 εἰσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative in an elliptical clause with εἰσίν. |
| 22 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 23 ποτάμια | advmod | high | |
| 23 | ποτάμια | ποτάμιος | ADJ | A-----NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 εἰσιν | conj | medium | Coordinated predicate adjective; οὐ scopes over ποτάμια. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 κύνες | det | high | |
| 25 | κύνες | κύων | NOUN | N-----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of elliptical εἰσίν. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 27 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐπήλυδές | cc | high | Coordinates the contrastive predicate. |
| 28 | ἐπήλυδές | ἐπήλυς | ADJ | A-----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 εἰσιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰσιν. |
| 29 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | VSPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 εἰσὶν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ἐπεὶ subordinate clause; predicates are coordinated/elliptical. |
| 30 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 31 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-----GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐπήλυδές | obl | high | Source phrase modifying ἐπήλυδες. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσὶν | punct | high |