Grammar parses for passage 4.34.9
Open translation for this passage
Ἀσιναῖοι δὲ τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς Λυκωρίταις ὅμοροι περὶ τὸν Παρνασσὸν ᾤκουν·
The phrase τὸ μὲν ἐξ ἀρχῆς is treated as a substantivized temporal adjunct; ὅμοροι is predicative with an associative dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀσιναῖοι | Ἀσιναῖος | PROPN | Nb-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ᾤκουν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ᾤκουν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article substantivizing the temporal expression. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 12 ᾤκουν | discourse | high | Correlative/contrastive particle. |
| 5 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχῆς. |
| 6 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N----GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ᾤκουν | obl | high | With ἐξ and substantivized τὸ μὲν, marking the initial period. |
| 7 | Λυκωρίταις | Λυκωρίτης | PROPN | Nb-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὅμοροι | obl | medium | Dative of association/adjacency with ὅμοροι. |
| 8 | ὅμοροι | ὅμορος | ADJ | A--P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ᾤκουν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with subject Ἀσιναῖοι; constituent with dative Λυκωρίταις. |
| 9 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Παρνασσὸν | case | high | Preposition governing Παρνασσόν. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Παρνασσὸν | det | high | Article modifying Παρνασσόν. |
| 11 | Παρνασσὸν | Παρνασσός | PROPN | Nb-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ᾤκουν | obl | high | Place adjunct with περί. |
| 12 | ᾤκουν | οἰκέω | VERB | V--IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite imperfect verb, ‘they lived/dwelt’. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ᾤκουν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὄνομα δὲ ἦν αὐτοῖς, ὃ δὴ καὶ ἐς Πελοπόννησον διεσώσαντο, ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ Δρύοπες.
The sentence has an existential/copular structure: ὄνομα ... ἦν, with Δρύοπες as the appositional name; the relative clause modifies ὄνομα, and ἀπὸ τοῦ οἰκιστοῦ identifies the name’s eponym.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | p-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 3 ἦν | iobj | high | Possessor/possessive dative with ὄνομα. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | p-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 διεσώσαντο | obj | medium | Relative pronoun refers to ὄνομα; accusative object of διεσώσαντο. |
| 7 | δὴ | δή | PART | d-------- | _ | 11 διεσώσαντο | advmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | ADV | d-------- | _ | 11 διεσώσαντο | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 10 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 10 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 διεσώσαντο | obl | high | |
| 11 | διεσώσαντο | διασῴζω | VERB | v3paim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Mid | 3 ἦν | acl:relcl | high | Aorist middle, with ὃ as relative object. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 διεσώσαντο | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 15 οἰκιστοῦ | case | high | |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 οἰκιστοῦ | det | high | |
| 15 | οἰκιστοῦ | οἰκιστής | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Δρύοπες | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό; phrase modifies the name. |
| 16 | Δρύοπες | Δρύοψ | PROPN | n-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦν | appos | high | Predicate/name apposition to ὄνομα; nominative plural ethnic name. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |
γενεᾷ δὲ ὕστερον τρίτῃ βασιλεύοντος Φύλαντος μάχῃ τε οἱ Δρύοπες ὑπὸ Ἡρακλέους ἐκρατήθησαν καὶ τῷ Ἀπόλλωνι ἀνάθημα ἤχθησαν ἐς Δελφούς·
The construction has a temporal dative γενεᾷ ... τρίτῃ with a genitive absolute βασιλεύοντος Φύλαντος; Δρύοπες is the subject of both passive predicates, with ἀνάθημα as a predicative/resultative accusative in the second coordinated clause. The form ἤχθησαν is morphologically plural passive, despite the singular-looking ἀνάθημα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενεᾷ | γενεά | NOUN | N--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ὕστερον | obl:tmod | high | Temporal dative. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the dative temporal phrase. |
| 4 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | A--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γενεᾷ | amod | high | Agrees with γενεᾷ. |
| 5 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-PAP-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptcp|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 6 | Φύλαντος | Φύλαντος | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύοντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 7 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | obl | medium | Dative of circumstance or means: in battle. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Δρύοπες | det | high | Article with Δρύοπες. |
| 10 | Δρύοπες | Δρύοψ | PROPN | N--NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of ἐκρατήθησαν and coordinated ἤχθησαν. |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἡρακλέους | case | high | Agent marker with the genitive. |
| 12 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 13 | ἐκρατήθησαν | κρατέω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated passive predicate. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἤχθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S---DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 Ἀπόλλωνι | det | high | Article with Ἀπόλλωνι. |
| 16 | Ἀπόλλωνι | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N--DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἤχθησαν | obl | high | Dative recipient or dedication target. |
| 17 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N--NAS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἤχθησαν | obj | medium | Object/result of ἤχθησαν; singular neuter is formally mismatched with plural subject, likely lexical or textual irregularity. |
| 18 | ἤχθησαν | ἄγω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | conj | high | Second coordinated passive predicate; plural agrees with Δρύοπες. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Δελφούς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 20 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N--AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἤχθησαν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐκρατήθησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀναχθέντες δὲ ἐς Πελοπόννησον χρήσαντος Ἡρακλεῖ τοῦ θεοῦ πρῶτα μὲν τὴν πρὸς Ἑρμιόνι Ἀσίνην ἔσχον, ἐκεῖθεν δὲ ἐκπεσόντες ὑπὸ Ἀργείων οἰκοῦσιν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ, Λακεδαιμονίων δόντων καὶ ὡς ἀνὰ χρόνον οἱ Μεσσήνιοι κατήχθησαν οὐ γενομένης σφίσιν ὑπʼ αὐτῶν ἀναστάτου τῆς πόλεως.
The sentence has coordinated historical predicates ἔσχον, οἰκοῦσιν, and κατήχθησαν, with genitive absolutes χρήσαντος τοῦ θεοῦ, Λακεδαιμονίων δόντων, and οὐ γενομένης ... τῆς πόλεως; the final γενομένης construction is semantically passive despite its middle morphology.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀναχθέντες | ἀνάγω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 15 ἔσχον | advcl | high | Aorist passive participle, circumstantial. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἔσχον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | |
| 4 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀναχθέντες | obl | high | |
| 5 | χρήσαντος | χράω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 15 ἔσχον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; subject supplied by θεοῦ. |
| 6 | Ἡρακλεῖ | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 χρήσαντος | iobj | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θεοῦ | det | high | |
| 8 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 χρήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 9 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 15 ἔσχον | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘first’. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 15 ἔσχον | discourse | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀσίνην | det | high | |
| 12 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Ἑρμιόνι | case | high | |
| 13 | Ἑρμιόνι | Ἑρμιόνη | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πρὸς | obl | medium | Place-name in dative with πρός. |
| 14 | Ἀσίνην | Ἀσίνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔσχον | obj | high | |
| 15 | ἔσχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated finite predicate. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔσχον | punct | high | |
| 17 | ἐκεῖθεν | ἐκεῖθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἐκπεσόντες | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 22 οἰκοῦσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle sharing the understood subject. |
| 20 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 Ἀργείων | case | high | |
| 21 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐκπεσόντες | obl | high | Agent with passive/resultative ἐκπεσόντες. |
| 22 | οἰκοῦσιν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 15 ἔσχον | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate; connective continuation. |
| 23 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 Μεσσηνίᾳ | case | high | |
| 24 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | |
| 25 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 οἰκοῦσιν | obl | high | |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 27 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 δόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 28 | δόντων | δίδωμι | VERB | V-2AAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 35 κατήχθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, ‘the Lacedaemonians having given’. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 κατήχθησαν | cc | high | |
| 30 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 κατήχθησαν | mark | medium | Introduces a temporal/further subordinate clause with ἀνὰ χρόνον. |
| 31 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 χρόνον | case | high | |
| 32 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 κατήχθησαν | obl | high | Temporal accusative phrase, ‘over time’. |
| 33 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 34 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 κατήχθησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 35 | κατήχθησαν | κατάγω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 22 οἰκοῦσιν | conj | high | Coordinated historical predicate. |
| 36 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT-N | Polarity=Neg | 37 γενομένης | advmod | high | |
| 37 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 35 κατήχθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, with οὐ; subject is πόλεως. |
| 38 | σφίσιν | σύ | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 37 γενομένης | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/affected party. |
| 39 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 40 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 40 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 37 γενομένης | obl:agent | high | Agent of the implied passive notion in γενομένης. |
| 41 | ἀναστάτου | ἀνάστατος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 γενομένης | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective, agreeing with πόλεως; construction means the city was not laid waste. |
| 42 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 43 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 43 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 γενομένης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 44 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 κατήχθησαν | punct | high |