Grammar parses for passage 4.34.8
Open translation for this passage
τῇ Κορωναίων δὲ πόλει ἐστὶν ὅμορος Κολωνίδες·
The syntax is existential/copular: Κολωνίδες is the nominative subject and ὅμορος the predicate adjective, with τῇ ... πόλει as the dative complement; the gender mismatch between ὅμορος and Κολωνίδες is retained and flagged.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλει | det | high | |
| 2 | Κορωναίων | Κορώνεια | PROPN | Nb----GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πόλει | nmod | high | Ethnic/place-name genitive modifying πόλει. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 4 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | obl | high | Dative of location/association with ὅμορος ἐστίν. |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ὅμορος | ὅμορος | ADJ | A--NSM---- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective; form is masculine singular nominative, likely agreeing with Κολωνίδες as a place-name treated grammatically masculine, or text may reflect a naming/orthographic irregularity. |
| 7 | Κολωνίδες | Κολωνίδες | PROPN | Nb----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Place-name in nominative; feminine form conflicts with masculine ὅμορος, likely a conventional or textual irregularity. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἐνταῦθα οὐ Μεσσήνιοί φασιν εἶναι, ἀλλὰ ἐκ τῆς Ἀττικῆς ἀγαγεῖν σφᾶς Κόλαινον λέγουσι, Κολαίνῳ δὲ κόρυδον τὴν ὄρνιθα ἐκ μαντεύματος ἐς τὴν ἀποικίαν ἡγήσασθαι.
The sentence has coordinated reporting verbs φασιν/λέγουσι; the latter governs three infinitival reports, with ἡγήσασθαι taking Κολαίνῳ as its dative beneficiary and κόρυδον/ὄρνιθα as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 φασιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, subject of φασιν and λέγουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 φασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 6 φασιν | advmod | high | Locative adverb. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 7 εἶναι | advmod | high | Negates the infinitival complement εἶναι. |
| 5 | Μεσσήνιοί | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A--NMP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἶναι. |
| 6 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive dependent on φασιν. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φασιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 λέγουσι | cc | high | Coordinates the alternative report. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀττικῆς | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀττικῆς | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀττικῆς | Ἀττική | PROPN | N---GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀγαγεῖν | obl | high | Place of origin with ἐκ. |
| 13 | ἀγαγεῖν | ἄγω | VERB | V-2NA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσι; subject is σφᾶς. |
| 14 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P----AP--- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 13 ἀγαγεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive ἀγαγεῖν. |
| 15 | Κόλαινον | Κόλαινος | PROPN | N---AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀγαγεῖν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀγαγεῖν. |
| 16 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 φασιν | conj | high | Coordinated reporting verb. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 λέγουσι | punct | high | |
| 18 | Κολαίνῳ | Κόλαινος | PROPN | N---DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἡγήσασθαι | iobj | high | Dative with ἡγήσασθαι, the person for whom the bird leads. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἡγήσασθαι | cc | high | |
| 20 | κόρυδον | κόρυδος | NOUN | N---AM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἡγήσασθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of ἡγήσασθαι. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ὄρνιθα | det | high | |
| 22 | ὄρνιθα | ὄρνις | NOUN | N---AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κόρυδον | appos | medium | Appositional identification of κόρυδον: 'the bird, a crested lark'. |
| 23 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 μαντεύματος | case | high | |
| 24 | μαντεύματος | μάντευμα | NOUN | N---GN-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 ἡγήσασθαι | obl | high | Source/circumstance: in accordance with an oracle. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 ἀποικίαν | case | high | |
| 26 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἀποικίαν | det | high | |
| 27 | ἀποικίαν | ἀποικία | NOUN | N---AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἡγήσασθαι | obl | high | Goal of leading, with ἐς. |
| 28 | ἡγήσασθαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-ADM--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 λέγουσι | ccomp | high | Second infinitival report dependent on λέγουσι. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φασιν | punct | high |
ἔμελλον δὲ ἄρα διάλεκτόν τε ἀνὰ χρόνον καὶ ἔθη μεταμαθήσεσθαι τὰ Δωριέων.
The infinitive μεταμαθήσεσθαι is governed by ἔμελλον; διάλεκτον and ἔθη are coordinated accusative subjects/predicative objects of the infinitive, with τὰ Δωριέων modifying ἔθη. ἀνὰ χρόνον is a temporal phrase. The exact scope of τε is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔμελλον | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔμελλον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔμελλον | discourse | medium | Inferential particle; scope is clause-level. |
| 4 | διάλεκτόν | διάλεκτος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 μεταμαθήσεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative noun, coordinated with ἔθη; syntactic interpretation with the infinitive is somewhat uncertain. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 διάλεκτόν | cc | medium | Coordinates διάλεκτον with the following accusative noun. |
| 6 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 χρόνον | case | high | |
| 7 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μεταμαθήσεσθαι | obl | high | Temporal accusative governed by ἀνά. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 διάλεκτόν | cc | high | Coordinates the temporal phrase with the preceding τε-linked phrase. |
| 9 | ἔθη | ἔθος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 μεταμαθήσεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative neuter plural, coordinated with διάλεκτον; possibly the semantic subject of the infinitive. |
| 10 | μεταμαθήσεσθαι | μεταμανθάνω | VERB | V-FMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 1 ἔμελλον | xcomp | high | Future middle infinitive governed by ἔμελλον. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἔθη | det | high | |
| 12 | Δωριέων | Δωριεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔθη | nmod | high | Genitive plural ethnic name modifying ἔθη. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔμελλον | punct | high |
κεῖται δὲ τὸ πόλισμα αἱ Κολωνίδες ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ, μικρὸν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης.
The place name Κολωνίδες is appositional to τὸ πόλισμα; ἐπὶ ὑψηλοῦ and μικρὸν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης are locative/distance modifiers of κεῖται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Stative/deponent present: ‘lies/is situated’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κεῖται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πόλισμα | det | high | |
| 4 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | nsubj | high | Subject of κεῖται. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 Κολωνίδες | det | high | |
| 6 | Κολωνίδες | Κολωνίς | PROPN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πόλισμα | appos | high | Plural place-name in apposition to πόλισμα. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 8 ὑψηλοῦ | case | high | With genitive, expressing position ‘on/upon’. |
| 8 | ὑψηλοῦ | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | obl | high | Substantivized neuter genitive, ‘a high place’; complement of ἐπί. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 μικρὸν | punct | high | |
| 10 | μικρὸν | μικρός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖται | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘a little’; modifies the clause. |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 12 θαλάσσης | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 12 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 μικρὸν | obl | high | Source/distance complement: ‘from the sea’. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖται | punct | high |