Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.35.11

← 4.35.10 4.36.1 →

Passage 4.35.11

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

94Greek tokens

3,166input tokens

6,764output tokens

Sentence 1

4.35.11 sentence 1

Tokens: 22
Input: 769
Output: 1,645
Total: 2,414

καὶ ὅσαις μὲν πηγαῖς θαῦμά τι ἦν καὶ ἰδόντι, τοσαύτας θεασάμενος οἶδα, τὰς γὰρ δὴ ἐλάσσονος θαύματος ἐπιστάμενος παρίημι·

The sentence has two main predicates (οἶδα and παρίημι) with participial subclauses; the opening ὅσαις...ἦν clause and the dative ἰδόντι are syntactically compressed and somewhat ambiguous.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	13 οἶδα	cc	high	Links the initial clause to the following main clause.
2	ὅσαις	ὅσος	PRON	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	4 πηγαῖς	amod	high	Correlative/relative adjective modifying πηγαῖς.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	2 ὅσαις	discourse	high	Discourse particle in μέν...δέ contrast.
4	πηγαῖς	πηγή	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	7 ἦν	nsubj	medium	Likely dative subject with impersonal ἦν.
5	θαῦμά	θαῦμα	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἦν	nsubj	medium	Predicate subject of ἦν; case agreement is standard though clause is idiomatic.
6	τι	τις	PRON	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 θαῦμά	amod	high	Indefinite modifier of θαῦμα.
7	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	13 οἶδα	advcl	medium	Finite subordinate/relative clause introduced by ὅσαις, functioning adverbially to the main clause.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	9 ἰδόντι	cc	high	Coordinates ἰδόντι with the preceding predicative expression.
9	ἰδόντι	ὁράω	VERB	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	7 ἦν	conj	medium	Dative participle, probably coordinated with θαῦμά τι ἦν as a second predicative expression; syntax is somewhat compressed.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 οἶδα	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
11	τοσαύτας	τοσοῦτος	PRON	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	12 θεασάμενος	obj	high	Object of θεασάμενος.
12	θεασάμενος	θεάομαι	VERB	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	13 οἶδα	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle modifying οἶδα.
13	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 οἶδα	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
15	τὰς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	19 θαύματος	det	high	Article modifying θαύματος.
16	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	21 παρίημι	discourse	high	Explanatory particle for the following clause.
17	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	21 παρίημι	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
18	ἐλάσσονος	ἐλάσσων	ADJ	_	Case=Gen\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 θαύματος	amod	high	Modifies θαύματος.
19	θαύματος	θαῦμα	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ἐπιστάμενος	obj	medium	Object/complement of ἐπιστάμενος in genitive after adjective.
20	ἐπιστάμενος	ἐπίσταμαι	VERB	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	21 παρίημι	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle modifying παρίημι.
21	παρίημι	παρίημι	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second main predicate, coordinated/continuative with οἶδα.
22	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	21 παρίημι	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

4.35.11 sentence 2

Tokens: 10
Input: 662
Output: 770
Total: 1,432

ἁλμυρὸν δὲ ὕδωρ καὶ στρυφνὸν οὐ μέγα θαῦμα ἐξευρεῖν.

The syntax is slightly compressed: ὕδωρ with coordinated adjectives seems to function as the thing easy/difficult to find, while θαῦμα ἐξευρεῖν forms the infinitival predication.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἁλμυρὸν	ἁλμυρός	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ὕδωρ	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying ὕδωρ.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	3 ὕδωρ	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 θαῦμα	nsubj	medium	Likely subject of the infinitival clause, though nominative/accusative ambiguity exists in this construction.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	1 ἁλμυρὸν	cc	medium	Coordinates the two adjectives modifying ὕδωρ.
5	στρυφνὸν	στρυφνός	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἁλμυρὸν	conj	medium	Second coordinated adjective; head taken as ἁλμυρόν.
6	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	8 θαῦμα	advmod	high	Negation of the predicative noun phrase.
7	μέγα	μέγας	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 θαῦμα	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying θαῦμα.
8	θαῦμα	θαῦμα	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ἐξευρεῖν	obj	medium	Likely accusative/nominal complement in infinitival clause; analyzed as nominal complement of ἐξευρεῖν.
9	ἐξευρεῖν	ἐξευρίσκω	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main infinitive.
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἐξευρεῖν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

4.35.11 sentence 4

Tokens: 16
Input: 729
Output: 1,234
Total: 1,963

τὸν δὲ Ἡρόδοτον οἶδα εἰπόντα ὡς ἐς τὸν ποταμὸν τὸν Ὕπανιν ἐκδίδωσιν ὕδατος πικροῦ πηγή.

Indirect discourse with ὡς introduces a finite clause; εἰπόντα is analyzed as participial complement of οἶδα, and πηγή is the subject of ἐκδίδωσιν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 Ἡρόδοτον	det	high	Article modifying Ἡρόδοτον.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	4 οἶδα	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
3	Ἡρόδοτον	Ἡρόδοτος	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 οἶδα	obj	high	Accusative object of οἶδα.
4	οἶδα	οἶδα	VERB	V-A--1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
5	εἰπόντα	λέγω	VERB	V-AAP-Acc	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	3 Ἡρόδοτον	amod	medium	Accusative participle agreeing with Ἡρόδοτον, dependent on it as object-complement.
6	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	_	_	12 ἐκδίδωσιν	mark	high	Introduces reported clause.
7	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	9 ποταμὸν	case	high	Preposition.
8	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ποταμὸν	det	high	Article modifying ποταμὸν.
9	ποταμὸν	ποταμός	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἐκδίδωσιν	obl	high	Prepositional object of ἐκδίδωσιν.
10	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 Ὕπανιν	det	high	Article modifying Ὕπανιν.
11	Ὕπανιν	Ὕπανις	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ποταμὸν	appos	medium	Appositional name identifying the river ποταμός.
12	ἐκδίδωσιν	ἐκδίδωμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	5 εἰπόντα	ccomp	high	Complement clause in indirect speech after εἰπόντα.
13	ὕδατος	ὕδωρ	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 πηγή	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of πηγή.
14	πικροῦ	πικρός	ADJ	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ὕδατος	amod	medium	Adjectival modifier of ὕδατος; gender likely neuter by agreement with ὕδωρ.
15	πηγή	πηγή	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἐκδίδωσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐκδίδωσιν.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 οἶδα	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 5

4.35.11 sentence 5

Tokens: 46
Input: 1,006
Output: 3,115
Total: 4,121

πῶς δʼ ἂν οὐκ ἀποδεξαίμεθα ἀληθεύειν αὐτῷ τὸν λόγον, ὅπου γε καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐν Δικαιαρχίᾳ τῇ Τυρρηνῶν ἐξεύρηται ὕδωρ σφίσι θερμὸν οὕτω δή τι ὀξὺ ὥστε τὸν μόλυβδον---διεξῄει γὰρ διὰ μολύβδου ῥέον ---ἔτεσι κατέτηξεν οὐ πολλοῖς;

The syntax is difficult because the sentence contains a relative clause (ὅπου...) and a parenthetical explanatory clause (διεξῄει γάρ...), with some adjectives used adverbially or predicatively.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πῶς	πῶς	ADV	_	_	5 ἀποδεξαίμεθα	advmod	high	Interrogative adverb modifying the main verb.
2	δʼ	δέ	PART	_	_	5 ἀποδεξαίμεθα	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	ἂν	ἄν	PART	_	_	5 ἀποδεξαίμεθα	advmod	high	Modal particle with optative.
4	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	_	_	5 ἀποδεξαίμεθα	advmod	high	Negation particle.
5	ἀποδεξαίμεθα	ἀποδέχομαι	VERB	V-OIM-1P	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main interrogative clause verb.
6	ἀληθεύειν	ἀληθεύω	VERB	V-PAI	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	5 ἀποδεξαίμεθα	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive.
7	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	6 ἀληθεύειν	iobj	medium	Dative with infinitive; likely indirect object/reference person.
8	τὸν	ὁ	DET	l-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 λόγον	det	high	Article.
9	λόγον	λόγος	NOUN	N-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἀληθεύειν	obj	high	Object of the infinitive.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἀποδεξαίμεθα	punct	high	Punctuation.
11	ὅπου	ὅπου	SCONJ	_	_	20 ἐξεύρηται	mark	high	Introduces subordinate clause.
12	γε	γε	PART	_	_	11 ὅπου	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
13	καὶ	καί	PART	_	_	14 ἐφʼ	advmod	medium	Adverbial 'also' with preposition.
14	ἐφʼ	ἐπί	ADP	_	_	15 ἡμῶν	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
15	ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	PRON	P-P---FG-	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	20 ἐξεύρηται	obl	high	Genitive object of preposition.
16	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	17 Δικαιαρχίᾳ	case	high	Preposition.
17	Δικαιαρχίᾳ	Δικαιαρχία	PROPN	N-S---FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 ἐξεύρηται	obl	high	Locative dative with ἐν.
18	τῇ	ὁ	DET	l-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	19 Τυρρηνῶν	det	high	Article.
19	Τυρρηνῶν	Τυρρηνός	ADJ	A-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 Δικαιαρχίᾳ	nmod	medium	Attributive genitive modifying place name.
20	ἐξεύρηται	ἐξευρίσκω	VERB	V-XQ-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Mid	11 ὅπου	advcl	high	Verb of the relative clause.
21	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-S---NN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ἐξεύρηται	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐξεύρηται.
22	σφίσι	σφεῖς	PRON	P-P---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	20 ἐξεύρηται	obl	medium	Dative of reference/association.
23	θερμὸν	θερμός	ADJ	A-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 ὕδωρ	amod	high	Attributive adjective agreeing with ὕδωρ in neuter nominative/accusative form.
24	οὕτω	οὕτως	ADV	D--------	_	27 ὀξὺ	advmod	high	Degree adverb with following clause/result.
25	δή	δή	PART	_	_	24 οὕτω	discourse	high	Intensifying particle.
26	τι	τις	DET	PX---NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	27 ὀξὺ	det	medium	Indefinite/enclitic modifier of ὀξύ.
27	ὀξὺ	ὀξύς	ADJ	A-S---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 ὥστε	advcl	medium	Part of result-clause predicate; form may be adverbial in sense.
28	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	_	_	34 διεξῄει	mark	high	Result marker.
29	τὸν	ὁ	DET	l-s---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	30 μόλυβδον	det	high	Article.
30	μόλυβδον	μόλυβδος	NOUN	N-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 διεξῄει	obj	high	Object of διεξῄει.
31	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 διεξῄει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
32	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 διεξῄει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 διεξῄει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
34	διεξῄει	διέξειμι	VERB	V-IIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	20 ἐξεύρηται	advcl	high	Imperfect verb in explanatory parenthesis/result clause.
35	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	34 διεξῄει	discourse	high	Explanatory particle.
36	διὰ	διά	ADP	_	_	37 μολύβδου	case	high	Preposition with genitive.
37	μολύβδου	μόλυβδος	NOUN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 διεξῄει	obl	high	Prepositional complement.
38	ῥέον	ῥέω	VERB	V-PAP-NSA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	21 ὕδωρ	acl	high	Participial modifier of ὕδωρ.
39	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 διεξῄει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
40	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 διεξῄει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
41	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	34 διεξῄει	punct	high	Editorial dash.
42	ἔτεσι	ἔτος	NOUN	N-P---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	43 κατέτηξεν	obl	medium	Dative of extent of time.
43	κατέτηξεν	κατατήκω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	34 διεξῄει	conj	medium	Likely coordinated/explanatory verb within parenthetical clause.
44	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	_	45 πολλοῖς	advmod	high	Negation particle.
45	πολλοῖς	πολύς	ADJ	A-P---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	42 ἔτεσι	amod	high	Modifier of ἔτεσι.
46	;	;	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἀποδεξαίμεθα	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

← 4.35.10 4.36.1 →