Grammar parses for passage 4.35.3
Open translation for this passage
Μοθωναίοις δὲ βασιλεὺς μὲν Τραϊανὸς ἔδωκεν ἐλευθέρους ὄντας ἐν αὐτονομίᾳ πολιτεύεσθαι·
ἔδωκεν governs the infinitive πολιτεύεσθαι; ὄντας ἐλευθέρους is an accusative participial predication describing the recipients, with ἐν αὐτονομίᾳ specifying the political condition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μοθωναίοις | Μοθωναῖος | PROPN | N--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔδωκεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary of ἔδωκεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔδωκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔδωκεν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 3 βασιλεὺς | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipating δέ. |
| 5 | Τραϊανὸς | Τραϊανός | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 βασιλεὺς | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to βασιλεύς. |
| 6 | ἔδωκεν | δίδωμι | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | ἐλευθέρους | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | A--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὄντας | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative agreeing with the understood recipients; linked through the participial complement. |
| 8 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAP-AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 πολιτεύεσθαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, concessive/circumstantial with understood subject; ἐλευθέρους is its predicate. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 αὐτονομίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτονομίᾳ. |
| 10 | αὐτονομίᾳ | αὐτονομία | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πολιτεύεσθαι | obl | high | Prepositional circumstance with πολιτεύεσθαι. |
| 11 | πολιτεύεσθαι | πολιτεύω | VERB | V--PMN | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 ἔδωκεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἔδωκεν, expressing the granted permission/right. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔδωκεν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἔτι παλαιότερα μόνοις σφίσι Μεσσηνίων τῶν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ τοιόνδε ἀτύχημα ἰδίᾳ συνέβη γενέσθαι.
The neuter plural τὰ παλαιότερα is substantivized and resumes an omitted topic; σφίσι is an emphatic dative of reference/possession with Μεσσηνίων τῶν ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ, while συνέβη governs the complementary infinitive γενέσθαι and its subject ἀτύχημα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-;----N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 παλαιότερα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 συνέβη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 παλαιότερα | advmod | high | |
| 4 | παλαιότερα | παλαιός | ADJ | A--NNNP-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 συνέβη | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural. |
| 5 | μόνοις | μόνος | ADJ | A--ODPM-- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 σφίσι | amod | high | |
| 6 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P--ODP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 14 συνέβη | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession; σφίσι may also be analyzed as an emphatic personal pronoun. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 σφίσι | nmod | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective, genitive with σφίσι. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | |
| 10 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N--LDS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Μεσσηνίων | nmod | high | ἐπὶ θαλάσσῃ is a locative prepositional modifier of the ethnic group. |
| 11 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A--SAN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 ἀτύχημα | amod | high | |
| 12 | ἀτύχημα | ἀτύχημα | NOUN | N--SAN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 13 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | A--SFD-- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 συνέβη | advmod | medium | Adverbial dative, ‘privately/individually’; exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V---3SAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN-- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 14 συνέβη | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after συνέβη. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 συνέβη | punct | high |
τὰ ἐν Ἠπείρῳ τῇ Θεσπρωτίδι ὑπὸ ἀναρχίας ἐφθάρη·
The neuter plural τὰ is substantivized and takes singular verbal agreement; ἐν Ἠπείρῳ is further specified by the appositive τῇ Θεσπρωτίδι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἐφθάρη | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural article/adjectival phrase, subject of ἐφθάρη. |
| 2 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 3 Ἠπείρῳ | case | high | |
| 3 | Ἠπείρῳ | Ἤπειρος | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐφθάρη | obl | high | Dative of location with ἐν. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Θεσπρωτίδι | det | high | |
| 5 | Θεσπρωτίδι | Θεσπρωτίς | PROPN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ἠπείρῳ | appos | high | Appositional specification of Ἠπείρῳ. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 7 ἀναρχίας | case | high | Agent/source marker with genitive. |
| 7 | ἀναρχίας | ἀναρχία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐφθάρη | obl:agent | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό, expressing the causative agency/source. |
| 8 | ἐφθάρη | φθείρω | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive, with neuter plural subject construed as a collective singular. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐφθάρη | punct | high |
Δηιδαμείᾳ γὰρ τῇ Πύρρου παῖδες οὐκ ἐγένοντο, ἀλλὰ ὡς τελευτᾶν ἔμελλεν, ἐπιτρέπει τῷ δήμῳ τὰ πράγματα.
Δηιδαμείᾳ is a dative of reference/topic with παῖδες οὐκ ἐγένοντο; τῷ δήμῳ is the recipient of ἐπιτρέπει and τὰ πράγματα its object. The ὡς-clause is temporal, with τελευτᾶν as the infinitive governed by ἔμελλεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δηιδαμείᾳ | Δηιδάμεια | PROPN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 παῖδες | obl | high | Dative of reference/topic. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | Explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Πύρρου | det | high | |
| 4 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δηιδαμείᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Δηιδαμείᾳ, identifying her as Pyrrhus's. |
| 5 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Plural nominative subject. |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 7 ἐγένοντο | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 7 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3PAIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause predicate. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐπιτρέπει | cc | high | Coordinates the contrasting second clause. |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἔμελλεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | τελευτᾶν | τελευτάω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔμελλεν. |
| 12 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 14 ἐπιτρέπει | advcl | high | Imperfect in temporal ὡς-clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐπιτρέπει | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 ἐγένοντο | conj | high | Contrasting coordinated predicate; subject is understood from context. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δήμῳ | det | high | |
| 16 | δήμῳ | δῆμος | NOUN | N---DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐπιτρέπει | iobj | high | Recipient of ἐπιτρέπει. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 πράγματα | det | high | |
| 18 | πράγματα | πρᾶγμα | NOUN | N----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐπιτρέπει | obj | high | Thing entrusted to the people; accusative object. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |
θυγάτηρ δὲ ἦν Πύρρου τοῦ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Πύρρου·
The sentence is a copular identification: θυγάτηρ is the subject, with a nested genitive genealogy Πύρρου τοῦ Πτολεμαίου τοῦ Ἀλεξάνδρου τοῦ Πύρρου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | obl | high | Predicate possessive/genitival complement of ἦν. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Πτολεμαίου | det | high | |
| 6 | Πτολεμαίου | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Πύρρου | nmod | high | Genitive chain modifying Πύρρου. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀλεξάνδρου | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Πτολεμαίου | nmod | high | Genitive chain modifying Πτολεμαίου. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Πύρρου | det | high | |
| 10 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀλεξάνδρου | nmod | high | Genitive chain modifying Ἀλεξάνδρου. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦν | punct | high |