Pausanias Analysis

Grammar parses for passage 4.35.4

Grammar › Book 4 › Chapter 4.35 › 4.35.4
← 4.35.34.35.5 →

Passage 4.35.4

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed
51Greek tokens
1,663input tokens
3,613output tokens
Sentence 1

4.35.4 sentence 1

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τὰ δὲ ἐς Πύρρον τὸν Αἰακίδου πρότερον ἔτι ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τῷ ἐς Ἀθηναίους ἐδήλωσα,

The sentence is straightforward overall; the main difficulty is whether τὰ is best analyzed as a substantive article or adverbial neuter plural referring to a prior topic.

obj discourse obl advmod advmod obl nmod nmod case case det det det case punct root 1 τὰ ὁ / DET 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 ἐς εἰς / ADP 4 Πύρρον Πύρρος / PROPN 5 τὸν ὁ / DET 6 Αἰακίδου Αἰακίδης / PROPN 7 πρότερον πρότερον / ADV 8 ἔτι ἔτι / ADV 9 ἐν ἐν / ADP 10 τῷ ὁ / DET 11 λόγῳ λόγος / NOUN 12 τῷ ὁ / DET 13 ἐς εἰς / ADP 14 Ἀθηναίους Ἀθηναῖος / PROPN 15 ἐδήλωσα δηλόω / VERB 16 , , / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1τὰὁDET--------Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art15 ἐδήλωσαobjmediumLikely article used substantively, referring to the previously mentioned matters; could be adverbial neuter plural.
2δὲδέPART--------_15 ἐδήλωσαdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3ἐςεἰςADP--------_4 ΠύρρονcasehighPreposition governing accusative.
4ΠύρρονΠύρροςPROPNN-S---MA-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing15 ἐδήλωσαoblhighObject of ἐς.
5τὸνὁDET--------Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art6 ΑἰακίδουdethighArticle modifying Αἰακίδου.
6ΑἰακίδουΑἰακίδηςPROPNN-S---MG-Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing4 ΠύρρονnmodhighGenitive patronymic dependent on Πύρρον.
7πρότερονπρότερονADV--------_15 ἐδήλωσαadvmodhighComparative adverb meaning 'before, previously'.
8ἔτιἔτιADV--------_15 ἐδήλωσαadvmodhighAdverb 'still/yet'.
9ἐνἐνADP--------_11 λόγῳcasehighPreposition governing dative.
10τῷὁDET--------Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art11 λόγῳdethighArticle modifying λόγῳ.
11λόγῳλόγοςNOUNN-S---MD-Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing15 ἐδήλωσαoblhighPrepositional phrase of location/time in the discourse.
12τῷὁDET--------Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art11 λόγῳdethighArticle introducing an attributive/prepositional modifier.
13ἐςεἰςADP--------_14 ἈθηναίουςcasehighPreposition governing accusative.
14ἈθηναίουςἈθηναῖοςPROPNA-P---MA-Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur11 λόγῳnmodhighDependent of λόγῳ via article+prepositional phrase: 'in the account concerning the Athenians'.
15ἐδήλωσαδηλόωVERBV-AIA-1SMood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighFinite main verb.
16,,PUNCT--------_15 ἐδήλωσαpuncthighSentence punctuation.
Sentence 2

4.35.4 sentence 2

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Προκλῆς δὲ ὁ Καρχηδόνιος τύχης μὲν χρηστῆς ἕνεκα καὶ διὰ λαμπρότητα ἔργων ἔνεμεν Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τᾷ Φιλίππου πλέον, τάξαι δὲ ὁπλίτας τε καὶ ἱππικὸν καὶ στρατηγήματα ἐπὶ ἄνδρας πολεμίους εὑρεῖν Πύρρον ἔφασκεν ἀμείνονα γενέσθαι.

Main clause with participial/infinitival complements; ἔφασκεν governs the infinitival clause γενέσθαι and the quoted infinitives are coordinated with it.

punct conj xcomp nsubj discourse obj obl punct obj advmod appos nmod obl mark obj discourse amod nmod obj obj xcomp ccomp det cc obj nmod iobj det discourse cc cc cc amod xcomp root 1 Προκλῆς Προκλῆς / PROPN 2 δὲ δέ / PART 3 ὁ ὁ / DET 4 Καρχηδόνιος Καρχηδόνιος / ADJ 5 τύχης τύχη / NOUN 6 μὲν μέν / PART 7 χρηστῆς χρηστός / ADJ 8 ἕνεκα ἕνεκα / ADP 9 καὶ καί / CCONJ 10 διὰ διά / ADP 11 λαμπρότητα λαμπρότης / NOUN 12 ἔργων ἔργον / NOUN 13 ἔνεμεν νέμω / VERB 14 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ Ἀλέξανδρος / PROPN 15 τᾷ ὁ / DET 16 Φιλίππου Φίλιππος / PROPN 17 πλέον πλέον / ADV 18 , , / PUNCT 19 τάξαι τάσσω / VERB 20 δὲ δέ / PART 21 ὁπλίτας ὁπλίτης / NOUN 22 τε τε / PART 23 καὶ καί / CCONJ 24 ἱππικὸν ἱππικός / ADJ 25 καὶ καί / CCONJ 26 στρατηγήματα στρατήγημα / NOUN 27 ἐπὶ ἐπί / ADP 28 ἄνδρας ἀνήρ / NOUN 29 πολεμίους πολέμιος / ADJ 30 εὑρεῖν εὑρίσκω / VERB 31 Πύρρον Πύρρος / PROPN 32 ἔφασκεν φημί / VERB 33 ἀμείνονα ἀμείνων / ADJ 34 γενέσθαι γίγνομαι / VERB 35 . . / PUNCT
#FormLemmaUPOSXPOSFeaturesHeadDepRelConf.Note
1ΠροκλῆςΠροκλῆςPROPN_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing13 ἔνεμενnsubjhighSubject of ἔνεμεν.
2δὲδέPART__13 ἔνεμενdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
3ὁὁDET_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing4 ΚαρχηδόνιοςdethighArticle with Καρχηδόνιος.
4ΚαρχηδόνιοςΚαρχηδόνιοςADJ_Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing1 ΠροκλῆςapposhighEpexegetic/appositive adjective used substantively, 'the Carthaginian'.
5τύχηςτύχηNOUN_Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing8 ἕνεκαnmodhighGenitive dependent on ἕνεκα.
6μὲνμένPART__8 ἕνεκαdiscoursehighCorrelative particle.
7χρηστῆςχρηστόςADJ_Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing5 τύχηςamodhighModifies τύχης.
8ἕνεκαἕνεκαADP__13 ἔνεμενoblhighPostposition governing the genitive phrase.
9καὶκαίCCONJ__10 διὰcchighCoordinates prepositional phrases.
10διὰδιάADP__13 ἔνεμενoblhighPreposition with accusative.
11λαμπρότηταλαμπρότηςNOUN_Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing10 διὰobjhighObject of διά.
12ἔργωνἔργονNOUN_Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur11 λαμπρότηταnmodhighGenitive modifier of λαμπρότητα.
13ἔνεμεννέμωVERB_Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act0 ROOTroothighMain finite verb.
14ἈλεξάνδρῳἈλέξανδροςPROPN_Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing13 ἔνεμενiobjhighDative recipient/beneficiary.
15τᾷὁDET_Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing16 ΦιλίππουdethighArticle with Φιλίππου.
16ΦιλίππουΦίλιπποςPROPN_Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing14 ἈλεξάνδρῳnmodmediumGenitive phrase modifying Ἀλεξάνδρῳ; text is somewhat irregular ('τᾷ Φιλίππου').
17πλέονπλέονADV__13 ἔνεμενadvmodhighComparative adverb modifying ἔνεμεν.
18,,PUNCT__13 ἔνεμενpuncthighComma.
19τάξαιτάσσωVERB_Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act32 ἔφασκενxcomphighInfinitival complement in indirect speech.
20δὲδέPART__19 τάξαιdiscoursehighPostpositive connective.
21ὁπλίταςὁπλίτηςNOUN_Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur19 τάξαιobjhighObject of τάξαι.
22τετεPART__21 ὁπλίταςcchighEnclitic coordinator.
23καὶκαίCCONJ__24 ἱππικὸνcchighCoordinates with ὁπλίτας.
24ἱππικὸνἱππικόςADJ_Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing19 τάξαιobjmediumLikely coordinated object, 'cavalry'/'mounted troops'.
25καὶκαίCCONJ__26 στρατηγήματαcchighCoordinates with ἱππικὸν.
26στρατηγήματαστρατήγημαNOUN_Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur19 τάξαιobjhighThird coordinated object of τάξαι.
27ἐπὶἐπίADP__30 εὑρεῖνmarkmediumCould also be analyzed as ADP heading an oblique; here attached to infinitive phrase.
28ἄνδραςἀνήρNOUN_Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur30 εὑρεῖνobjhighObject of εὑρεῖν.
29πολεμίουςπολέμιοςADJ_Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur28 ἄνδραςamodhighModifies ἄνδρας.
30εὑρεῖνεὑρίσκωVERB_Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act32 ἔφασκενxcomphighInfinitival complement coordinated with τάξαι.
31ΠύρρονΠύρροςPROPN_Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing34 γενέσθαιobjhighSubject/accusative of indirect statement with γενέσθαι? More likely object of εὑρεῖν in the sense 'find Pyrrhus'. Parsed as object to keep local syntax.
32ἔφασκενφημίVERB_Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act13 ἔνεμενconjhighSecond finite verb coordinated with the first clause.
33ἀμείνοναἀμείνωνADJ_Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing34 γενέσθαιxcomphighPredicative adjective in infinitival clause.
34γενέσθαιγίγνομαιVERB_Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid32 ἔφασκενccomphighComplement clause of ἔφασκεν.
35..PUNCT__13 ἔνεμενpuncthighSentence-final punctuation.
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