Grammar parses for passage 4.35.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἀφικομένων ἐκ τῆς πόλεως πλειόνων παρέχουσι καὶ τοῖσδε κερδᾶναι·
The genitive absolute ἀφικομένων ... πλειόνων supplies the temporal circumstance; ἐπιοῦσαν is an accusative feminine participle used substantivally with τὴν, and κερδᾶναι is a complementary infinitive with παρέχουσι. The exact semantic force of τοῖσδε is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἐπιοῦσαν | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 παρέχουσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Afsg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπιοῦσαν | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐπιοῦσαν | ἔπειμι | ADJ | Ptcp-Afsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 παρέχουσι | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine participle, ‘the following [day/time]’; may be analyzed as an omitted-noun temporal accusative. |
| 5 | ἀφικομένων | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | Ptcp-Gpmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 παρέχουσι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with πλειόνων. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 8 πόλεως | case | high | |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 8 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-Gfsg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφικομένων | obl | high | |
| 9 | πλειόνων | πολύς | ADJ | A-Gpmg | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀφικομένων | nsubj | high | Substantivized comparative adjective, subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 10 | παρέχουσι | παρέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 κερδᾶναι | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitival complement with an understood preceding complement. |
| 12 | τοῖσδε | ὅδε | PRON | D-Dpmn | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 13 κερδᾶναι | iobj | medium | Dative beneficiary/addressee with κερδᾶναι; demonstrative reference is context-dependent. |
| 13 | κερδᾶναι | κερδαίνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 παρέχουσι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive governed by παρέχουσι. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 παρέχουσι | punct | high |
τέλος δὲ γυναῖκες καὶ ἄνδρες κατίασιν ἐπὶ τὰ πλοῖα οἶνόν τε ἀποδόσθαι καὶ ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων ἀντιληψόμενοι.
The sentence is syntactically difficult: κατίασιν governs ἐπὶ τὰ πλοῖα, with coordinated infinitival purpose οἶνόν τε ἀποδόσθαι καὶ ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων ἀντιληψόμενοι; the final participle is formally nominative masculine plural and its relation is uncertain, likely coordinated with γυναῖκες καὶ ἄνδρες despite gender mismatch or reflecting textual difficulty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέλος | τέλος | ADV | ADV | AdvType=Conj | 6 κατίασιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial τέλος, ‘finally/at last’; formally identical to neuter noun. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 κατίασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 κατίασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἄνδρες | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 κατίασιν | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject with γυναῖκες. |
| 6 | κατίασιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present indicative of κατέρχομαι/κάτειμι, ‘go down/come down’. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 9 πλοῖα | case | high | With accusative. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 πλοῖα | det | high | |
| 9 | πλοῖα | πλοῖον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 κατίασιν | obl | high | Goal/direction complement of κατίασιν. |
| 10 | οἶνόν | οἶνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποδόσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀποδόσθαι. |
| 11 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀποδόσθαι | cc | high | Correlative τε with καὶ at token 13. |
| 12 | ἀποδόσθαι | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-ANM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 κατίασιν | xcomp | medium | Aorist middle infinitive; likely purpose/complement of κατίασιν, with οἶνον as object. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἀντιληψόμενοι | cc | medium | Coordinates the second infinitival/participial phrase; construction is textually or syntactically awkward. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 16 βαρβάρων | case | high | With genitive. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 βαρβάρων | det | high | |
| 16 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀντιληψόμενοι | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the barbarians’; complement of ἐκ. |
| 17 | ἀντιληψόμενοι | ἀντιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-FPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|Voice=Mid | 6 κατίασιν | advcl | low | Future middle nominative masculine plural participle, ‘about to receive/obtain’; its coordination with ἀποδόσθαι and agreement with the mixed subject are uncertain. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 κατίασιν | punct | high |
ἔνθα νῦν ἀποτολμήσαντες οἱ Ἰλλυριοὶ καὶ ἄνδρας πολλοὺς καὶ ἔτι πλείονας τῶν γυναικῶν ἁρπάζουσιν· ἐσθέμενοι δὲ ἐς τὰς ναῦς ἔπλεον τὴν ἐπὶ Ἰονίου, Μοθωναίων ἐρημώσαντες τὸ ἄστυ.
The second clause is coordinated with the first: after abducting the captives, the Illyrians embark and sail toward/along the Ionian (sea), having depopulated Motone; Ἰονίου is elliptical for Ἰονίου πελάγους or similar.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | D--------- | AdvType=Tim | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἀποτολμήσαντες | ἀποτολμάω | VERB | VPAAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, circumstantial/prior to ἁρπάζουσιν. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Ἰλλυριοὶ | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἰλλυριοὶ | Ἰλλυριός | PROPN | NPNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ἄνδρας | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects. |
| 7 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | obj | high | |
| 8 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 πλείονας | cc | high | Coordinates the second object phrase. |
| 10 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D--------- | _ | 11 πλείονας | advmod | high | |
| 11 | πλείονας | πολύς | ADJ | A-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | conj | high | Substantivized comparative, with τῶν γυναικῶν as genitive of comparison. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 γυναικῶν | det | high | |
| 13 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πλείονας | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison. |
| 14 | ἁρπάζουσιν | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐσθέμενοι | εἰσδύω | VERB | VPAMP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 21 ἔπλεον | advcl | medium | Form is an aorist middle participle, conventionally interpreted here as 'having gone/entered onto' the ships; lexical analysis is uncertain. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 21 ἔπλεον | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P--------- | _ | 20 ναῦς | case | high | |
| 19 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA-APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ναῦς | det | high | |
| 20 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | N-APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἐσθέμενοι | obl | high | Object of the directional preposition ἐς. |
| 21 | ἔπλεον | πλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | parataxis | high | Coordinated narrative verb after the semicolon. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἐπὶ | det | medium | Part of an elliptical directional phrase. |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P--------- | _ | 21 ἔπλεον | obl | medium | Introduces the elliptical destination/route phrase τὴν ἐπὶ Ἰονίου. |
| 24 | Ἰονίου | Ἰόνιος | PROPN | A-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐπὶ | obl | medium | Adjectival proper name substantivized/elliptical, likely 'Ionian [sea]'; case depends on the understood construction. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔπλεον | punct | high | |
| 26 | Μοθωναίων | Μοθωναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἄστυ | nmod | high | Possessive/pertinent genitive: the city of the Motonaians. |
| 27 | ἐρημώσαντες | ἐρημόω | VERB | VPAAP-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ἔπλεον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, sharing the subject of ἔπλεον. |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 ἄστυ | det | high | |
| 29 | ἄστυ | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐρημώσαντες | obj | high | |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔπλεον | punct | high |