Grammar parses for passage 4.35.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐς δὲ τὴν ἐπιοῦσαν ἀφικομένων ἐκ τῆς πόλεως πλειόνων παρέχουσι καὶ τοῖσδε κερδᾶναι·
The syntax is centered on a genitive absolute ('ἀφικομένων ... πόλεως πλειόνων') modifying the main clause, with an infinitival complement governed by παρέχουσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἀφικομένων | case | high | Governed by the participle phrase with πόλεως. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 παρέχουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπιοῦσαν | det | high | Article with participle used substantively/adjectivally. |
| 4 | ἐπιοῦσαν | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-PAP-ASF | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀφικομένων | amod | medium | Participle modifying implied feminine noun, likely day/time; syntactic attachment uncertain. |
| 5 | ἀφικομένων | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 10 παρέχουσι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἀφικομένων | case | high | Preposition with πόλεως. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλεως | det | high | Article with πόλεως. |
| 8 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-SF-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀφικομένων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent within genitive absolute phrase. |
| 9 | πλειόνων | πλείων | ADJ | A--GPN | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 πόλεως | amod | medium | Likely modifies an omitted neuter plural noun/collective; agreement context is uncertain. |
| 10 | παρέχουσι | παρέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 κερδᾶναι | cc | high | Links coordinated infinitival clause. |
| 12 | τοῖσδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κερδᾶναι | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/recipient with infinitive. |
| 13 | κερδᾶναι | κερδαίνω | VERB | V-AAN | Aspect=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 παρέχουσι | xcomp | high | Complement of παρέχουσι. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 παρέχουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τέλος δὲ γυναῖκες καὶ ἄνδρες κατίασιν ἐπὶ τὰ πλοῖα οἶνόν τε ἀποδόσθαι καὶ ἐκ τῶν βαρβάρων ἀντιληψόμενοι.
Syntax is slightly difficult because κατίασιν governs both a goal phrase and two coordinated purpose/complement constructions, one infinitival and one participial.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέλος | τέλος | ADV | _ | _ | 6 κατίασιν | advmod | high | Adverbial 'finally'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 κατίασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-P----FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 κατίασιν | nsubj | high | Subject coordinated with token 5. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἄνδρες | cc | high | Coordinator within the subject coordination. |
| 5 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-P----MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 γυναῖκες | conj | high | Second conjunct of the subject. |
| 6 | κατίασιν | κατίημι | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Likely present indicative 3pl; form is somewhat uncertain/possibly dialectal or textual. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 9 πλοῖα | case | high | Adposition governing accusative. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-AP---NA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 πλοῖα | det | high | Article with πλοῖα. |
| 9 | πλοῖα | πλοῖον | NOUN | N-AP---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 κατίασιν | obl | high | Goal of motion 'onto the ships'. |
| 10 | οἶνόν | οἶνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποδόσθαι | obj | high | Object of the infinitive. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 10 οἶνόν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 12 | ἀποδόσθαι | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-AUN--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 κατίασιν | xcomp | high | Purpose/complement infinitive after the main verb. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἀντιληψόμενοι | cc | high | Coordinator linking the second infinitival/participial idea. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 16 βαρβάρων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων. |
| 16 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀντιληψόμενοι | obl | medium | Object of ἐκ; semantically source/origin. |
| 17 | ἀντιληψόμενοι | ἀντιλαμβάνομαι | VERB | V-FM-PPP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 κατίασιν | conj | high | Future middle participle coordinated with the infinitival purpose clause. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 κατίασιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἔνθα νῦν ἀποτολμήσαντες οἱ Ἰλλυριοὶ καὶ ἄνδρας πολλοὺς καὶ ἔτι πλείονας τῶν γυναικῶν ἁρπάζουσιν· ἐσθέμενοι δὲ ἐς τὰς ναῦς ἔπλεον τὴν ἐπὶ Ἰονίου, Μοθωναίων ἐρημώσαντες τὸ ἄστυ.
Two finite verbs are coordinated only loosely; the second clause contains participial circumstantials, and token 22–24 is syntactically uncertain in the transmitted wording.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | Db | _ | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | advmod | high | Locative/temporal adverb introducing the clause. |
| 2 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | Df | _ | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 3 | ἀποτολμήσαντες | ἀποτολμάω | VERB | VAA-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Ra-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Ἰλλυριοὶ | det | high | Article with proper ethnonym. |
| 5 | Ἰλλυριοὶ | Ἰλλυριός | PROPN | Ne-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | nsubj | high | Ethnonym used substantively. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cc | _ | 7 ἄνδρας | cc | high | Connects coordinated objects. |
| 7 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Nb-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | obj | high | First coordinated object. |
| 8 | πολλοὺς | πολύς | ADJ | A--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄνδρας | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἄνδρας. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cc | _ | 11 πλείονας | cc | high | Connects second coordinated object. |
| 10 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Df | _ | 11 πλείονας | advmod | high | Adverb modifying comparative. |
| 11 | πλείονας | πλείων | ADJ | A--APC | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | obj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Ra-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 γυναικῶν | det | high | Article with genitive comparison phrase. |
| 13 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | Nb-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πλείονας | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison after comparative adjective. |
| 14 | ἁρπάζουσιν | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἁρπάζουσιν | punct | high | Mid-sentence punctuation. |
| 16 | ἐσθέμενοι | ἐσθέω | VERB | VAM-PMN | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 21 ἔπλεον | advcl | low | Form and lemma are uncertain; treated as middle participle dependent on ἔπλεον. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 21 ἔπλεον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 20 ναῦς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 19 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | Ra-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ναῦς | det | high | Article with ναῦς. |
| 20 | ναῦς | ναῦς | NOUN | Nb-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 ἔπλεον | obl | high | Goal/source of motion with ἐς. |
| 21 | ἔπλεον | πλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second finite verb, coordinated at discourse level. |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Ra-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Ἰονίου | det | medium | Likely article with omitted noun or substantivized phrase; syntax is difficult. |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 24 Ἰονίου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 24 | Ἰονίου | Ἰόνιος | ADJ | A--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 τὴν | nmod | medium | Genitive phrase likely dependent on an implied noun; exact attachment uncertain. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 Ἰονίου | punct | high | Comma. |
| 26 | Μοθωναίων | Μοθωνεύς | PROPN | Ne-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἄστυ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἄστυ. |
| 27 | ἐρημώσαντες | ἐρημόω | VERB | VAA-PAP-NPM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἔπλεον | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying ἔπλεον. |
| 28 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Ra-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 ἄστυ | det | high | Article with ἄστυ. |
| 29 | ἄστυ | ἄστυ | NOUN | Nb-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐρημώσαντες | obj | high | Object of ἐρημώσαντες. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔπλεον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |