Grammar parses for passage 4.5.10
Open translation for this passage
ταύτην Λακεδαιμόνιοι πρώτην ἐπὶ Μεσσηνίους ἔξοδον ἐποιήσαντο ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῆς ἐνάτης Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Ξενοδόκος Μεσσήνιος ἐνίκα στάδιον·
The clause after the comma is a relative clause headed by ἣν, with ἐνίκα as its verb; ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῆς ἐνάτης Ὀλυμπιάδος is a temporal expression modifying the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ἔξοδον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying ἔξοδον. |
| 2 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NEPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 3 | πρώτην | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔξοδον | amod | high | Attributive adjective of ἔξοδον. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 5 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | Preposition governing Μεσσηνίους. |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NEPMPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔξοδον | nmod | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 6 | ἔξοδον | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 7 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 8 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Temporal dative. |
| 9 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔτει | amod | high | Modifies ἔτει. |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RD-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | Article with Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 11 | ἐνάτης | ἔνατος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Modifies Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἔτει. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | RSF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἐνίκα. |
| 15 | Ξενοδόκος | Ξενοδόκος | PROPN | NEPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐνίκα. |
| 16 | Μεσσήνιος | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ξενοδόκος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Ξενοδόκος. |
| 17 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 ἣν | acl:relcl | high | Verb of relative clause modifying ἣν. |
| 18 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Object of ἐνίκα. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ἀθήνῃσι δὲ οὐκ ἦσάν πω τότε οἱ τῷ κλήρῳ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρχοντες·
Main clause with existential ἦσαν; nominative article + participle phrase forms the subject, with dative κλήρῳ and κατά + accusative ἐνιαυτὸν expressing the manner/time of election.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθήνῃσι | Ἀθήνῃσι | ADV | _ | _ | 4 ἦσάν | advmod | high | Locative adverb of place/time: 'in Athens'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἦσάν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἦσάν | advmod | high | Negates the finite verb. |
| 4 | ἦσάν | εἰμί | AUX | 3PLIAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb functioning as sentence root. |
| 5 | πω | πω | ADV | _ | _ | 4 ἦσάν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb 'still, yet'. |
| 6 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 4 ἦσάν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb 'then/at that time'. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἄρχοντες | det | high | Article modifying the participle. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κλήρῳ | det | high | Article with κλήρῳ. |
| 9 | κλήρῳ | κλῆρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρχοντες | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument: 'by lot'. |
| 10 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἐνιαυτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 11 | ἐνιαυτὸν | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρχοντες | obl | high | Accusative of time extent with κατά. |
| 12 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχων | VERB | PAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ἦσάν | nsubj | high | Attributive participle used substantively: 'the ruling ones / magistrates'. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦσάν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τοὺς γὰρ ἀπὸ Μελάνθου, καλουμένους δὲ Μεδοντίδας, κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἀφείλοντο ὁ δῆμος τῆς ἐξουσίας τὸ πολὺ καὶ ἀντὶ βασιλείας μετέστησαν ἐς ἀρχὴν ὑπεύθυνον,
The syntax is a coordinated main clause with an initial participial/appositive noun phrase; ἀφείλοντο takes an object in the idiomatic sense 'deprived of power', and ἀντὶ βασιλείας / ἐς ἀρχὴν ὑπεύθυνον express the shift in constitutional status.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S---MA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἀφείλοντο | obj | high | Article modifying the understood/implicit noun phrase with ἀπὸ Μελάνθου. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G--------- | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Μελάνθου | case | high | Preposition governing Μελάνθου. |
| 4 | Μελάνθου | Μελάνθος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 τοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | καλουμένους | καλέω | VERB | V-PMPAMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 τοὺς | amod | medium | Participial modifier of the accusative article; likely agreeing with τοὺς. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 6 καλουμένους | discourse | high | Postpositive particle within the relative/appositive phrase. |
| 8 | Μεδοντίδας | Μεδοντίδης | PROPN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 καλουμένους | appos | high | Appositive/name identifying τοὺς ... καλουμένους. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἀρχὰς | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχὰς. |
| 11 | ἀρχὰς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-P---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφείλοντο | obl | high | Accusative of extent/time: 'at first'. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | ἀφείλοντο | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the clause. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---MS-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 δῆμος | det | high | Article with δῆμος. |
| 15 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφείλοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφείλοντο. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---FG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἐξουσίας | det | high | Article with ἐξουσίας. |
| 17 | ἐξουσίας | ἐξουσία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφείλοντο | obj | medium | Direct object of ἀφείλοντο in the idiom 'deprive of power'. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---NA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 πολὺ | det | high | Article with πολὺ. |
| 19 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐξουσίας | obl | medium | Substantivized phrase 'the greater part/much' modifying ἐξουσίας. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 23 μετέστησαν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 21 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 βασιλείας | case | high | Preposition governing βασιλείας. |
| 22 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 μετέστησαν | obl | high | Complement of ἀντί. |
| 23 | μετέστησαν | μεθίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφείλοντο | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 ἀρχὴν | case | high | Preposition governing ἀρχὴν. |
| 25 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 μετέστησαν | obl | high | Goal/result complement of μετέστησαν. |
| 26 | ὑπεύθυνον | ὑπεύθυνος | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἀρχὴν | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with ἀρχὴν. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ὕστερον δὲ καὶ προθεσμίαν ἐτῶν δέκα ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀρχῆς.
The syntax is straightforward, though τῆς ἀρχῆς is somewhat elliptical and its exact relation is slightly uncertain; it most likely depends on the whole clause as a genitive complement/oblique phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D- | _ | 7 ἐποίησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial use, 'later'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 7 ἐποίησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 4 προθεσμίαν | cc | high | Connects the object phrase with previous material. |
| 4 | προθεσμίαν | προθεσμία | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποίησαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίησαν. |
| 5 | ἐτῶν | ἔτος | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 προθεσμίαν | nmod | high | Genitive of measure/extent modifying προθεσμίαν. |
| 6 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | M- | NumType=Card | 5 ἐτῶν | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying ἐτῶν. |
| 7 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 8 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 7 ἐποίησαν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 10 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποίησαν | obl | medium | Likely genitive complement after προθεσμίαν/ἐποίησαν; parsed as genitive oblique dependent. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποίησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τότε δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς Ἀμφείας Αἰσιμίδης Ἀθηναίοις ἦρχεν ὁ Αἰσχύλου πέμπτον ἔτος.
The clause is syntactically straightforward except for the final χρονικός phrase, where ἔτος/πέμπτον appear to be accusative and function adverbially as a temporal expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D--------- | _ | 10 ἦρχεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 10 ἦρχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 κατάληψιν | case | high | Introduces a prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA-- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 κατάληψιν | det | high | Article with κατάληψιν. |
| 5 | κατάληψιν | κατάληψις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρχεν | obl | high | Accusative object of ὑπό; temporal PP. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀμφείας | det | high | Article with Ἀμφείας. |
| 7 | Ἀμφείας | Ἀμφεία | PROPN | Ne-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κατάληψιν | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent of κατάληψιν, 'capture of Amfieia'. |
| 8 | Αἰσιμίδης | Αἰσιμίδης | PROPN | Ne-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦρχεν. |
| 9 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἦρχεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/beneficiary with ἄρχω. |
| 10 | ἦρχεν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN-- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἔτος | det | high | Article with ἔτος. |
| 12 | Αἰσχύλου | Αἰσχύλος | PROPN | Ne-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔτος | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of ἔτος; likely 'of Aeschylus'. |
| 13 | πέμπτον | πέμπτος | ADJ | Mo-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔτος | amod | medium | Form is accusative/neuter; syntax suggests attributive numeral/adjective with ἔτος, though case is anomalous if nominative is expected. |
| 14 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρχεν | obl | medium | Likely temporal accusative 'in the fifth year of Aeschylus'; form is morphologically anomalous vs. clause syntax. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦρχεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |