Grammar parses for passage 4.5.10
Open translation for this passage
ταύτην Λακεδαιμόνιοι πρώτην ἐπὶ Μεσσηνίους ἔξοδον ἐποιήσαντο ἔτει δευτέρῳ τῆς ἐνάτης Ὀλυμπιάδος, ἣν Ξενοδόκος Μεσσήνιος ἐνίκα στάδιον·
ἣν is the accusative relative pronoun referring to Ὀλυμπιάδος only by attraction/semantic reference to the Olympiad, while στάδιον is the event won; ἔτει ... is a dative temporal adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταύτην | οὗτος | PRON | PD-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ἔξοδον | det | high | |
| 2 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NPMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper-name plural. |
| 3 | πρώτην | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-AFS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔξοδον | amod | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 5 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NPMN-A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in the hostile-against sense. |
| 6 | ἔξοδον | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice: 'made/undertook' an expedition. |
| 8 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Dative of time. |
| 9 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔτει | amod | high | |
| 10 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἐνάτης | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐνάτης | ἔνατος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔτει | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the Olympiad. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 17 ἐνίκα | obj | medium | Relative object; feminine singular likely refers to the Olympiad, with nonlocal/attracted reference. |
| 15 | Ξενοδόκος | Ξενοδόκος | PROPN | NMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | Μεσσήνιος | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ξενοδόκος | appos | high | Ethnic apposition to the personal name. |
| 17 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | parataxis | high | Imperfect in the relative clause. |
| 18 | στάδιον | στάδιον | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκα | obj | high | Athletic event/object: 'the stadion race'. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high |
Ἀθήνῃσι δὲ οὐκ ἦσάν πω τότε οἱ τῷ κλήρῳ κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἄρχοντες·
ἦσαν is existential (‘there were’), with οἱ ἄρχοντες as its nominative subject; τῷ κλήρῳ is instrumental/dative of means with κατ’ ἐνιαυτόν expressing yearly allotment. Ἀθήνῃσι is locative; πω with οὐκ means ‘not yet’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀθήνῃσι | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | Ne-Dl | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἦσάν | obl | medium | Epic/poetic locative plural of Ἀθῆναι; could be analyzed as dative plural. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 4 ἦσάν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἦσάν | advmod | high | Negates the existential verb. |
| 4 | ἦσάν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of εἰμί, existential use. |
| 5 | πω | πω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἦσάν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb with οὐκ: ‘yet’. |
| 6 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἦσάν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb: ‘then/at that time’. |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---NM-P- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἄρχοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying ἄρχοντες. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S---ND-S- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κλήρῳ | det | high | Article with κλήρῳ. |
| 9 | κλήρῳ | κλῆρος | NOUN | N--DMS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρχοντες | obl | medium | Dative of means/instrument with ἄρχοντες: officials selected by lot. |
| 10 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 11 ἐνιαυτὸν | case | high | Elided κατά governing ἐνιαυτόν. |
| 11 | ἐνιαυτὸν | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | N--AMS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἄρχοντες | obl | high | Accusative with κατά: ‘each year/yearly’. |
| 12 | ἄρχοντες | ἄρχων | NOUN | N--NMP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἦσάν | nsubj | high | Nominative plural subject of existential ἦσαν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦσάν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τοὺς γὰρ ἀπὸ Μελάνθου, καλουμένους δὲ Μεδοντίδας, κατʼ ἀρχὰς μὲν ἀφείλοντο ὁ δῆμος τῆς ἐξουσίας τὸ πολὺ καὶ ἀντὶ βασιλείας μετέστησαν ἐς ἀρχὴν ὑπεύθυνον,
The sentence is an accusative topicalized object with a participial apposition (τοὺς ... καλουμένους ... Μεδοντίδας) governed by ἀφείλοντο; ὁ δῆμος is the subject, while τὸ πολὺ is an accusative extent/quantitative complement and μετέστησαν coordinates a second finite predicate. The supplied form ἀφείλοντο is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; it is taken here as a third-person plural aorist middle indicative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἀφείλοντο | obj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Df | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Μελάνθου | case | high | |
| 4 | Μελάνθου | Μέλανθος | PROPN | Nea-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καλουμένους | obl | medium | Patronymic/genitive of origin within the participial description. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 καλουμένους | punct | high | |
| 6 | καλουμένους | καλέω | VERB | VPPAM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 τοὺς | acl | high | Participial modifier/apposition to τοὺς. |
| 7 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 καλουμένους | cc | high | |
| 8 | Μεδοντίδας | Μεδοντίδαι | PROPN | Nea-p | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 καλουμένους | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with passive καλουμένους; conventional patronymic plural. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | punct | high | |
| 10 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἀρχὰς | case | high | |
| 11 | ἀρχὰς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N----A-P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφείλοντο | obl | high | Temporal distributive phrase κατʼ ἀρχάς. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 13 ἀφείλοντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; no explicit δέ follows within the supplied sentence. |
| 13 | ἀφείλοντο | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V3PAMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Parsed as 3pl aorist middle indicative; form is homographic/ambiguous in some morphological schemes. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 δῆμος | det | high | |
| 15 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφείλοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἐξουσίας | det | high | |
| 17 | ἐξουσίας | ἐξουσία | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφείλοντο | obl | medium | Genitive of the sphere/thing from which authority was taken; parser analyses vary between obl and nmod. |
| 18 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 19 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀφείλοντο | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative neuter, ‘the greater part/much’; quantitative extent complement. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 μετέστησαν | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 βασιλείας | case | high | |
| 22 | βασιλείας | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 μετέστησαν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀντί. |
| 23 | μετέστησαν | μεθίστημι | VERB | V3PAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἀφείλοντο | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate with shared subject ὁ δῆμος. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 ἀρχὴν | case | high | |
| 25 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 μετέστησαν | obl | high | |
| 26 | ὑπεύθυνον | ὑπεύθυνος | ADJ | A----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἀρχὴν | amod | high | Agrees with ἀρχή. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 μετέστησαν | punct | high |
ὕστερον δὲ καὶ προθεσμίαν ἐτῶν δέκα ἐποίησαν αὐτοῖς τῆς ἀρχῆς.
The finite verb ἐποίησαν governs προθεσμίαν as its object; τῆς ἀρχῆς is a genitive complement of προθεσμίαν, and ἐτῶν δέκα specifies the duration. αὐτοῖς is a dative affected-person complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | Adverbial accusative | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos | 7 ἐποίησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘later’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐποίησαν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐποίησαν | cc | high | Connective particle/adverb. |
| 4 | προθεσμίαν | προθεσμία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποίησαν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐποίησαν. |
| 5 | ἐτῶν | ἔτος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 προθεσμίαν | nmod | high | Genitive of duration/specification. |
| 6 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | NUM-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 5 ἐτῶν | nummod | high | Numeral agreeing syntactically with ἐτῶν. |
| 7 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, third-person plural. |
| 8 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 7 ἐποίησαν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons for whom the provision was made. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀρχῆς | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχῆς. |
| 10 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 προθεσμίαν | nmod | high | Genitive complement of προθεσμίαν, ‘term of office’. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐποίησαν | punct | high |
τότε δὲ ὑπὸ τὴν κατάληψιν τῆς Ἀμφείας Αἰσιμίδης Ἀθηναίοις ἦρχεν ὁ Αἰσχύλου πέμπτον ἔτος.
Temporal clause: Αἰσιμίδης is subject of ἦρχεν, with Ἀθηναίοις as dative complement; ὁ Αἰσχύλου πέμπτον ἔτος is an accusative duration phrase, while ὑπό + accusative marks the period after the capture of Amph(e)ia. The exact force of πέμπτον ἔτος is mildly elliptical/uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 10 ἦρχεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 10 ἦρχεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 5 κατάληψιν | case | high | With accusative κατάληψιν, temporal/posterior sense. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 κατάληψιν | det | high | |
| 5 | κατάληψιν | κατάληψις | NOUN | N-A--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρχεν | obl | medium | Temporal circumstance phrase with ὑπό. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀμφείας | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀμφείας | Ἀμφεία | PROPN | N--G---F- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κατάληψιν | nmod | medium | Place-name; genitive dependent on κατάληψιν. |
| 8 | Αἰσιμίδης | Αἰσιμίδης | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρχεν | nsubj | high | Personal name, subject of ἦρχεν. |
| 9 | Ἀθηναίοις | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἦρχεν | iobj | medium | Dative of office/governance: ruled for or over the Athenians. |
| 10 | ἦρχεν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Αἰσχύλου | det | medium | Article substantivizing/marking the patronymic expression. |
| 12 | Αἰσχύλου | Αἰσχύλος | PROPN | N---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Αἰσιμίδης | nmod | medium | Patronymic genitive: son of Aeschylus; article-plus-genitive expression relates to Αἰσιμίδης. |
| 13 | πέμπτον | πέμπτος | ADJ | A--AS-- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔτος | amod | high | Accusative neuter used in the duration expression. |
| 14 | ἔτος | ἔτος | NOUN | N-A--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦρχεν | obl | low | Duration phrase; surface nominative is syntactically elliptical/uncertain, with πέμπτον in matching accusative duration construction. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦρχεν | punct | high |