Grammar parses for passage 4.6.1
Open translation for this passage
πρὶν δὲ ἢ συγγράφειν με τὸν πόλεμον καὶ ὁπόσα πολεμοῦσιν ἑκατέροις ὁ δαίμων παθεῖν ἢ δρᾶσαι παρεσκεύασε, διακρῖναί τι καὶ ἡλικίας ἔργα πέρι ἠθέλησα ἀνδρὸς Μεσσηνίου.
The syntax is heavily participial/infinitival: πρὶν ... ἢ συγγράφειν forms a temporal-comparative frame before the main clause with ἠθέλησα, and πέρι is probably adverbial/postpositive rather than introducing a full prepositional phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 συγγράφειν | mark | high | introduces temporal clause/complement |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 παρεσκεύασε | discourse | high | postpositive connective |
| 3 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 συγγράφειν | cc | high | links alternative infinitival phrase |
| 4 | συγγράφειν | συγγράφω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 παρεσκεύασε | advcl | high | infinitival clause dependent on παρεσκεύασε |
| 5 | με | ἐγώ | PRON | P-P---A-- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 4 συγγράφειν | obj | high | accusative subject/object of infinitive |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 πόλεμον | det | high | article |
| 7 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 συγγράφειν | obj | high | object of συγγράφειν |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ὁπόσα | cc | high | coordinates ὁπόσα with following infinitival clause |
| 9 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-AP-NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 14 παθεῖν | obj | high | relative pronoun as object of infinitive |
| 10 | πολεμοῦσιν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἑκατέροις | acl | medium | likely participial/finite-like form in indirect context; parsed as finite verb modifying ὁπόσα |
| 11 | ἑκατέροις | ἑκάτερος | ADJ | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πολεμοῦσιν | obl | high | dative with πολεμοῦσιν |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 δαίμων | det | high | article |
| 13 | δαίμων | δαίμων | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παρεσκεύασε | nsubj | high | subject of παρεσκεύασε |
| 14 | παθεῖν | πάσχω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 παρεσκεύασε | xcomp | high | complement infinitive with ἢ δρᾶσαι |
| 15 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 δρᾶσαι | cc | high | coordinates infinitives |
| 16 | δρᾶσαι | δράω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 παθεῖν | conj | high | second coordinated infinitive |
| 17 | παρεσκεύασε | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 ἠθέλησα | advcl | high | subordinate clause before main verb, with πρὶν ... ἢ συγγράφειν construction |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 παρεσκεύασε | punct | high | punctuation |
| 19 | διακρῖναί | διακρίνω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἠθέλησα | xcomp | high | complement infinitive of ἠθέλησα |
| 20 | τι | τις | PRON | P-NS---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 19 διακρῖναί | obj | high | indefinite pronoun with διακρῖναί |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 ἔργα | cc | high | coordinates noun phrases |
| 22 | ἡλικίας | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἔργα | nmod | high | genitive modifier of ἔργα |
| 23 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-P---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 διακρῖναί | obj | high | object/complement of διακρῖναί |
| 24 | πέρι | πέρι | ADP | _ | _ | 19 διακρῖναί | case | medium | postpositive preposition/adverb attached to διακρῖναί |
| 25 | ἠθέλησα | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 26 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 Μεσσηνίου | nmod | high | genitive modifier |
| 27 | Μεσσηνίου | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | adjectival modifier of ἀνδρός |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἠθέλησα | punct | high | sentence-final punctuation |
τὸν γὰρ πόλεμον τοῦτον γενόμενον μὲν Λακεδαιμονίων καὶ τῶν συμμάχων πρὸς Μεσσηνίους καὶ τοὺς ἐπικούρους, ὀνομασθέντα δὲ οὐκ ἀπὸ τῶν ἐπιστρατευσάντων ὥσπερ γε ὁ Μηδικὸς καὶ ὁ Πελοποννήσιος, Μεσσήνιον δὲ ἀπὸ τῶν συμφορῶν, καθὰ δὴ καὶ τὸν ἐπὶ Ἰλίῳ κληθῆναι Τρωικὸν καὶ οὐχ Ἑλληνικὸν ἐξενίκησεν, τοῦτον γὰρ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τὸν πόλεμον Ῥιανός τε ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν ἐποίησεν ὁ Βηναῖος καὶ ὁ Πριηνεὺς Μύρων·
The syntax is heavily participial and appositional, with several comparative/name phrases embedded; the final clause has compressed coordination of poet names.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 πόλεμον | det | high | Article modifying πόλεμον. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 3 πόλεμον | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 61 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Main object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 4 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 πόλεμον | amod | high | Demonstrative adjective modifying πόλεμον. |
| 5 | γενόμενον | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 πόλεμον | acl | high | Attributive participle agreeing with πόλεμον. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 γενόμενον | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 γενόμενον | obl | medium | Genitive with γενόμενον, expressing source/association; could be part of elliptical genitive phrase. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 Λακεδαιμονίων | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 συμμάχων | det | high | Article modifying συμμάχων. |
| 10 | συμμάχων | σύμμαχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Λακεδαιμονίων | conj | high | Conjoined with Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 11 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 12 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 12 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 γενόμενον | obl | high | Prepositional complement of γενόμενον. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 Μεσσηνίους | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 14 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἐπικούρους | det | high | Article modifying ἐπικούρους. |
| 15 | ἐπικούρους | ἐπίκουρος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Μεσσηνίους | conj | high | Conjoined with Μεσσηνίους in the prepositional object. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 γενόμενον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | ὀνομασθέντα | ὀνομάζω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 3 πόλεμον | acl | high | Second attributive participle modifying πόλεμον. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ὀνομασθέντα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ὀνομασθέντα | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 20 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 22 ἐπιστρατευσάντων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 ἐπιστρατευσάντων | det | high | Article modifying ἐπιστρατευσάντων. |
| 22 | ἐπιστρατευσάντων | ἐπιστρατεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ὀνομασθέντα | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἀπό. |
| 23 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ὀνομασθέντα | mark | high | Comparative subordinator. |
| 24 | γε | γε | PART | _ | _ | 23 ὥσπερ | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 25 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 26 Μηδικὸς | det | high | Article with Μηδικὸς. |
| 26 | Μηδικὸς | Μηδικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὀνομασθέντα | parataxis | medium | Likely a named war-title used predicatively in comparison. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 26 Μηδικὸς | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 28 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 Πελοποννήσιος | det | high | Article with Πελοποννήσιος. |
| 29 | Πελοποννήσιος | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 Μηδικὸς | conj | medium | Conjoined comparative example/title. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ὀνομασθέντα | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | Μεσσήνιον | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ὀνομασθέντα | conj | high | Predicative name/title contrasted with previous names. |
| 32 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 31 Μεσσήνιον | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 33 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 35 συμφορῶν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 34 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 35 συμφορῶν | det | high | Article with συμφορῶν. |
| 35 | συμφορῶν | συμφορά | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 Μεσσήνιον | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἀπό. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 Μεσσήνιον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 37 | καθὰ | καθά | SCONJ | _ | _ | 48 ἐξενίκησεν | mark | medium | Comparative/causal subordinator; relation to main verb somewhat loose. |
| 38 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 37 καθὰ | discourse | high | Enclitic emphasis. |
| 39 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 37 καθὰ | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 40 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 44 Τρωικὸν | det | high | Article with Τρωικὸν. |
| 41 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 42 Ἰλίῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 42 | Ἰλίῳ | Ἴλιον | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 43 κληθῆναι | obl | high | Complement of κληθῆναι with ἐπί. |
| 43 | κληθῆναι | καλέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 48 ἐξενίκησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival clause dependent on ἐξενίκησεν. |
| 44 | Τρωικὸν | Τρωικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 κληθῆναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement of κληθῆναι. |
| 45 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 44 Τρωικὸν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 46 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 47 Ἑλληνικὸν | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 47 | Ἑλληνικὸν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 κληθῆναι | conj | high | Conjoined predicative complement of κληθῆναι. |
| 48 | ἐξενίκησεν | ἐξενικέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 61 ἐποίησεν | advcl | medium | Subordinate verbal clause; exact force with καθὰ δὴ καὶ is somewhat uncertain. |
| 49 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 48 ἐξενίκησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 50 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 55 πόλεμον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying πόλεμον. |
| 51 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 61 ἐποίησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 52 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 53 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 53 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 55 πόλεμον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πόλεμον. |
| 54 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 55 πόλεμον | det | high | Article with πόλεμον. |
| 55 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 61 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | Object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 56 | Ῥιανός | Ῥιανός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 61 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 57 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 56 Ῥιανός | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 58 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 60 ἔπεσιν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 59 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 60 ἔπεσιν | det | high | Article with ἔπεσιν. |
| 60 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 61 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Locative/means phrase with ἐποίησεν. |
| 61 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 62 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 63 Βηναῖος | det | high | Article with Βηναῖος. |
| 63 | Βηναῖος | Βηναῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 61 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 64 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 63 Βηναῖος | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 65 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 66 Πριηνεὺς | det | high | Article with Πριηνεὺς. |
| 66 | Πριηνεὺς | Πριηνεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 63 Βηναῖος | conj | high | Conjoined subject. |
| 67 | Μύρων | Μύρων | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 61 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | medium | Likely second subject appositionally following Πριηνεὺς, though syntax is compressed. |
| 68 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 61 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
λόγοι δὲ πεζοὶ Μύρωνός ἐστιν ἡ συγγραφή.
Copular clause: συγγραφή is the syntactic root, with λόγοι as a nominative subject and ἐστιν as copula.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λόγοι | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν; nominative plural predicate/topic. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | πεζοὶ | πεζός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 λόγοι | amod | high | Attributive modifier of λόγοι. |
| 4 | Μύρωνός | Μύρων | PROPN | N-PRI-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συγγραφή | nmod | high | Possessive/genitival modifier of συγγραφή. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 συγγραφή | cop | high | Copular auxiliary. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 συγγραφή | det | high | Definite article modifying συγγραφή. |
| 7 | συγγραφή | συγγραφή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate nominal in copular clause. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συγγραφή | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |