Grammar parses for passage 4.5.9
Open translation for this passage
ταῦτα προομόσαντες ἔξοδον νύκτωρ ἐποιοῦντο ἐπὶ Ἄμφειαν, Ἀλκαμένην τὸν Τηλέκλου τῆς στρατιᾶς ἡγεμόνα ἀποδείξαντες.
The two nominative aorist participles are coordinated/sequential adjuncts to the main verb; ἀποδείξαντες takes an accusative object plus accusative predicative ἡγεμόνα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-AAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 2 προομόσαντες | obj | high | Accusative neuter plural object of προομόσαντες. |
| 2 | προομόσαντες | προόμνυμι | VERB | VAAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποιοῦντο | advcl | medium | Aorist participle with temporal/sequential force; subject is understood Spartans. |
| 3 | ἔξοδον | ἔξοδος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐποιοῦντο in the idiom ἔξοδον ποιεῖσθαι. |
| 4 | νύκτωρ | νύκτωρ | ADV | D- | _ | 5 ἐποιοῦντο | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative of time/temporal adverb. |
| 5 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; middle voice in the expression ποιεῖσθαι ἔξοδον. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P-G | _ | 7 Ἄμφειαν | case | high | Preposition governing the following accusative place name. |
| 7 | Ἄμφειαν | Ἄμφεια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 5 ἐποιοῦντο | obl | high | Destination governed by ἐπί. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀποδείξαντες | punct | high | |
| 9 | Ἀλκαμένην | Ἀλκαμένης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 15 ἀποδείξαντες | obj | high | Accusative object/predicate complement of ἀποδείξαντες. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Τηλέκλου | det | high | |
| 11 | Τηλέκλου | Τήλεκλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Proper=Yes | 9 Ἀλκαμένην | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Teleclus’, modifying Ἀλκαμένην. |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 στρατιᾶς | det | high | |
| 13 | στρατιᾶς | στρατιά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγεμόνα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἡγεμόνα. |
| 14 | ἡγεμόνα | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀλκαμένην | xcomp | high | Accusative predicative complement: appointed Alcamenes leader of the army. |
| 15 | ἀποδείξαντες | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | VAAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποιοῦντο | advcl | high | Aorist participle expressing accompanying action, with the same understood subject as ἐποιοῦντο. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high |
ἡ δὲ Ἄμφεια πρὸς τῇ Λακωνικῇ πόλισμα ἦν ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ, μεγέθει μὲν οὐ μέγα, ἐπὶ λόφου δὲ ὑψηλοῦ κείμενον, καὶ ὑδάτων πηγὰς εἶχεν ἀφθόνους·
The sentence coordinates ἦν and εἶχεν; πόλισμα is the neuter predicate complement, with κείμενον an agreeing participle and μέγα an elliptical size description.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἄμφεια | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 7 πόλισμα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἄμφεια | Ἄμφεια | PROPN | Ne----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλισμα | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R------ | _ | 6 Λακωνικῇ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Λακωνικῇ | det | high | |
| 6 | Λακωνικῇ | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλισμα | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: the Laconian region. |
| 7 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/depictive complement with ἦν. |
| 8 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R------ | _ | 11 Μεσσηνίᾳ | case | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | Ne----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 πόλισμα | obl | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 13 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N----DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 μέγα | obl | high | Dative of respect/measure. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X----- | _ | 16 μέγα | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D----- | Polarity=Neg | 16 μέγα | advmod | high | |
| 16 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 κείμενον | advcl | medium | Neuter predicate/measure phrase, elliptical with ἦν. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 μέγα | punct | high | |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R------ | _ | 19 λόφου | case | high | |
| 19 | λόφου | λόφος | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 κείμενον | obl | high | |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 22 κείμενον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 21 | ὑψηλοῦ | ὑψηλός | ADJ | A----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 λόφου | amod | high | |
| 22 | κείμενον | κεῖμαι | VERB | V--PMPNSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 πόλισμα | acl | high | Adjectival participle modifying πόλισμα. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 κείμενον | punct | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 27 εἶχεν | cc | high | |
| 25 | ὑδάτων | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N----GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 πηγὰς | nmod | high | |
| 26 | πηγὰς | πηγή | NOUN | N----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 εἶχεν | obj | high | |
| 27 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἦν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 28 | ἀφθόνους | ἄφθονος | ADJ | A----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 πηγὰς | amod | high | |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦν | punct | high |
ἐδόκει δὲ καὶ ἄλλως ἐς τὸν πάντα πόλεμον ὁρμητήριόν σφισιν ἐπιτήδειον ἡ Ἄμφεια εἶναι.
Impersonal ἐδόκει governs an infinitival proposition: ἡ Ἄμφεια εἶναι ὁρμητήριον ἐπιτήδειον σφισιν; ἐς τὸν πάντα πόλεμον modifies the noun ὁρμητήριον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐδόκει | δοκέω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/plural-subject-compatible verb: 'it seemed'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐδόκει | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἄλλως | advmod | high | Adverbial καί modifying ἄλλως. |
| 4 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἐδόκει | advmod | high | 'In another respect/besides'. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πόλεμον | det | high | |
| 7 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πόλεμον | amod | high | |
| 8 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὁρμητήριόν | nmod | high | Object of the preposition ἐς; temporal/extent phrase 'for the whole war'. |
| 9 | ὁρμητήριόν | ὁρμητήριον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἶναι in the infinitival complement. |
| 10 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 9 ὁρμητήριόν | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/possession: 'for them'. |
| 11 | ἐπιτήδειον | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὁρμητήριόν | amod | high | Agrees with ὁρμητήριον. |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἄμφεια | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἄμφεια | Ἄμφεια | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὁρμητήριόν | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive εἶναι; nominative subject in an accusative-and-infinitive-like construction. |
| 14 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 1 ἐδόκει | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐδόκει. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐδόκει | punct | high |
καὶ τό τε πόλισμα αἱροῦσι πυλῶν ἀνεῳγμένων καὶ φυλακῆς οὐκ ἐνούσης καὶ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας φονεύουσι, τοὺς μὲν ἔτι ἐν ταῖς εὐναῖς, τοὺς δὲ ὡς ᾔσθοντο πρός τε ἱερὰ θεῶν καὶ βωμοὺς καθημένους ἱκέτας·
The two genitive absolutes (6–7 and 9–11) modify αἱροῦσι; φονεύουσι coordinates with it. The final accusative group is syntactically compressed: τοὺς ... καθημένους ἱκέτας are those encountered at the sanctuaries and altars.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 αἱροῦσι | cc | high | |
| 2 | τό | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πόλισμα | det | high | |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 4 πόλισμα | cc | high | |
| 4 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 αἱροῦσι | obj | high | |
| 5 | αἱροῦσι | αἱρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | πυλῶν | πύλη | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀνεῳγμένων | obl | medium | Genitive absolute with 7. |
| 7 | ἀνεῳγμένων | ἀνοίγω | VERB | V-RPM-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 5 αἱροῦσι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐνούσης | cc | high | |
| 9 | φυλακῆς | φυλακή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐνούσης | obl | high | Genitive absolute with 11. |
| 10 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 11 ἐνούσης | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἐνούσης | ἔνειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 αἱροῦσι | advcl | high | Genitive absolute. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 φονεύουσι | cc | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 14 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | nmod | high | |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | det | high | |
| 16 | ἐγκαταληφθέντας | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | V-APP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 17 φονεύουσι | obj | high | |
| 17 | φονεύουσι | φονεύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 αἱροῦσι | conj | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φονεύουσι | punct | high | |
| 19 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 μὲν | det | high | |
| 20 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 17 φονεύουσι | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 εὐναῖς | advmod | high | |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 εὐναῖς | case | high | |
| 23 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 εὐναῖς | det | high | |
| 24 | εὐναῖς | εὐνή | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 μὲν | obl | high | Elliptical participial predicate: those still in the beds. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φονεύουσι | punct | high | |
| 26 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 καθημένους | det | high | |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 φονεύουσι | cc | high | |
| 28 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 ᾔσθοντο | mark | high | Temporal clause. |
| 29 | ᾔσθοντο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 17 φονεύουσι | advcl | high | |
| 30 | πρός | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 ἱερὰ | case | high | |
| 31 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 32 ἱερὰ | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί at 34. |
| 32 | ἱερὰ | ἱερός | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 καθημένους | obl | high | With πρός, destination. |
| 33 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἱερὰ | nmod | high | |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 βωμοὺς | cc | high | Correlative with τε at 31. |
| 35 | βωμοὺς | βωμός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 καθημένους | obl | high | With πρός, destination. |
| 36 | καθημένους | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 37 ἱκέτας | amod | medium | Accusative participle modifying ἱκέτας; semantic relation to ᾔσθοντο is compressed/elliptical. |
| 37 | ἱκέτας | ἱκέτης | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ᾔσθοντο | obj | medium | Accusative object/predicate group under ᾔσθοντο; καθημένους agrees with it. |
| 38 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 φονεύουσι | punct | high |
ὀλίγοι δὲ καὶ οἱ διαφυγόντες ἐγένοντο.
The predicate ἐγένοντο is existential/ resulted in, with οἱ διαφυγόντες as its nominative subject and ὀλίγοι as a predicative adjective; δέ and καί are coordinative particles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀλίγοι | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐγένοντο | xcomp | high | Predicative nominative adjective, substantivized or agreeing with the escaped men. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | P | _ | 6 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | Coordinative/additive particle. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 διαφυγόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 5 | διαφυγόντες | διαφεύγω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Aorist active participle, substantivized by οἱ. |
| 6 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |