Grammar parses for passage 4.5.8
Open translation for this passage
μησὶ δὲ οὐ πολλοῖς ὕστερον Ἀντιόχου τελευτήσαντος Εὐφαὴς ὁ Ἀντιόχου παρέλαβε τὴν ἀρχήν.
The opening χρονικός phrase is best analyzed with μησὶ πολλοῖς ὕστερον as a temporal modifier, and Ἀντιόχου τελευτήσαντος as a genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μησὶ | μῆνις | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὕστερον | obl | low | Form likely for μῆσι/μησὶ 'months' with dat./loc. sense; token is ambiguous and context suggests time expression. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ὕστερον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ὕστερον | advmod | high | Negator modifying the temporal phrase. |
| 4 | πολλοῖς | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ὕστερον | amod | high | Agrees with μησὶ in case/number/gender. |
| 5 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 11 παρέλαβε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 6 | Ἀντιόχου | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τελευτήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute participle. |
| 7 | τελευτήσαντος | τελευτάω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 παρέλαβε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 8 | Εὐφαὴς | Εὐφαής | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 παρέλαβε | nsubj | high | Main clause subject. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀντιόχου | det | high | Article with token 10. |
| 10 | Ἀντιόχου | Ἀντίοχος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Εὐφαὴς | appos | high | Genitive apposition/possessive identifier with Εὐφαὴς. |
| 11 | παρέλαβε | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article with object noun. |
| 13 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 παρέλαβε | obj | high | Direct object of παρέλαβε. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 παρέλαβε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ οὔτε κήρυκα ἀποστέλλουσι προεροῦντα Μεσσηνίοις πόλεμον οὔτε προαπειπάμενοι τὴν φιλίαν, κρύφα δὲ καὶ μάλιστα ὡς ἐδύναντο ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ παρασκευασάμενοι, προομνύουσιν ὅρκον μήτε τοῦ πολέμου μῆκος, ἢν μὴ διʼ ὀλίγου κριθῇ, μήτε τὰς συμφορὰς, εἰ μεγάλαι πολεμοῦσι γένοιντο, ἀποστρέψειν σφᾶς πρὶν ἢ κτήσαιντο χώραν τὴν Μεσσηνίαν δοριάλωτον.
The syntax is highly periodic, with participial premodifiers before the main verb and a later infinitival oath clause containing nested conditional and temporal subclauses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀποστέλλουσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποστέλλουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἀποστέλλουσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἀποστέλλουσι | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 4 | κήρυκα | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀποστέλλουσι | obj | high | Object of ἀποστέλλουσι. |
| 5 | ἀποστέλλουσι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | προεροῦντα | προερέω | VERB | V-papam--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 κήρυκα | amod | medium | Participial modifier of κήρυκα. |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-p---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 προεροῦντα | iobj | high | Dative with προεροῦντα. |
| 8 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 προεροῦντα | obj | high | Content of the proclamation. |
| 9 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 προαπειπάμενοι | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 10 | προαπειπάμενοι | προαπεῖπον | VERB | V-pmmpmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 ἀποστέλλουσι | advcl | medium | Participial clause coordinated with first οὔτε-clause. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φιλίαν | det | high | Article. |
| 12 | φιλίαν | φιλία | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 προαπειπάμενοι | obj | high | Object of προαπειπάμενοι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 προαπειπάμενοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | κρύφα | κρύφα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 παρασκευασάμενοι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying preparatory participle. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 22 παρασκευασάμενοι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 μάλιστα | cc | high | Connective with μάλιστα. |
| 17 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 παρασκευασάμενοι | advmod | high | Degree adverb modifying παρασκευασάμενοι. |
| 18 | ὡς | ὡς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἐδύναντο | advmod | medium | Comparative/degree adverb with ἐδύναντο. |
| 19 | ἐδύναντο | δύναμαι | VERB | V3imsi--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 22 παρασκευασάμενοι | advcl | high | Verb of ability in subordinate clause. |
| 20 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 21 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 παρασκευασάμενοι | obl | medium | Likely substantive adjective with ἐν. |
| 22 | παρασκευασάμενοι | παρασκευάζω | VERB | V-pmmpmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 24 προομνύουσιν | advcl | high | Adverbial participle preceding main verb. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 παρασκευασάμενοι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | προομνύουσιν | προομνύω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of second clause. |
| 25 | ὅρκον | ὅρκος | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 προομνύουσιν | obj | high | Object of προομνύουσιν. |
| 26 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 προομνύουσιν | cc | high | Correlative conjunction introducing first oath clause. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 μῆκος | det | high | Article. |
| 28 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 μῆκος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of μῆκος. |
| 29 | μῆκος | μῆκος | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 ἀποστρέψειν | obj | medium | Accusative content of infinitive; phrase μήτε ... μῆκος. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 μῆκος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 31 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 35 κριθῇ | mark | high | Conditional marker. |
| 32 | μὴ | μή | PART | G-------- | _ | 35 κριθῇ | advmod | high | Negation in condition. |
| 33 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 34 ὀλίγου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 34 | ὀλίγου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 35 κριθῇ | obl | medium | Idiomatic genitive with διά. |
| 35 | κριθῇ | κρίνω | VERB | V3saps--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 29 μῆκος | advcl | high | Conditional clause. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 κριθῇ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 37 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 προομνύουσιν | cc | high | Second correlative negative conjunction. |
| 38 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 39 συμφορὰς | det | high | Article. |
| 39 | συμφορὰς | συμφορά | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 46 ἀποστρέψειν | obj | high | Object of infinitive. |
| 40 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 συμφορὰς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 41 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 44 γένοιντο | mark | high | Conditional marker. |
| 42 | μεγάλαι | μέγας | ADJ | A-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 44 γένοιντο | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with γένοιντο. |
| 43 | πολεμοῦσι | πολεμέω | VERB | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 44 γένοιντο | advcl | medium | Participial/finite-looking form in conditional clause; likely dependent on γένοιντο. |
| 44 | γένοιντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3paoo--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 39 συμφορὰς | advcl | high | Optative in conditional clause. |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 44 γένοιντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 46 | ἀποστρέψειν | ἀποστρέφω | VERB | V--fna--- | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 24 προομνύουσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive to προομνύουσιν. |
| 47 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 46 ἀποστρέψειν | obj | high | Object of ἀποστρέψειν. |
| 48 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 46 ἀποστρέψειν | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction. |
| 49 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 50 κτήσαιντο | cc | high | Correlative conjunction with πρίν. |
| 50 | κτήσαιντο | κτάομαι | VERB | V3paoo--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 46 ἀποστρέψειν | advcl | high | Subordinate clause after πρὶν ἢ. |
| 51 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 50 κτήσαιντο | obj | high | Object of κτήσαιντο. |
| 52 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 53 Μεσσηνίαν | det | high | Article. |
| 53 | Μεσσηνίαν | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 51 χώραν | nmod | high | Proper-name modifier of χώραν. |
| 54 | δοριάλωτον | δοριάλωτος | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 51 χώραν | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying χώραν. |
| 55 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 προομνύουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |