Grammar parses for passage 4.5.5
Open translation for this passage
ἀνθʼ ὅτου δὲ Μεσσήνιοι τὸ ὄνειδος ἥγηνται τοῦτο οὕτω πικρόν, οὔ μοι τῷ λόγῳ τῷ παρόντι ἦν ἐπεισάγεσθαι·
The construction is compressed: ἀνθʼ ὅτου introduces the reason/topic for the Messenians’ evaluation, while οὔ ... ἦν ἐπεισάγεσθαι forms a parenthetical statement that introducing this matter was not pertinent to the present account.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνθʼ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 2 ὅτου | case | high | Elided preposition ἀντί before the relative genitive. |
| 2 | ὅτου | ὅστις | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἥγηνται | obl | medium | Relative genitive pronoun, introducing the causal/relative adjunct; form may also be read as an indefinite relative. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 ἥγηνται | cc | high | |
| 4 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἥγηνται | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper noun used substantivally. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄνειδος | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄνειδος | ὄνειδος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἥγηνται | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἥγηνται | ἡγέομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 18 ἦν | ccomp | medium | Perfect middle of ἡγέομαι, ‘consider/regard’; governs τὸ ὄνειδος as object and τοῦτο as predicative complement. |
| 8 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἥγηνται | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicative complement with ἥγηνται. |
| 9 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | _ | _ | 10 πικρόν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | πικρόν | πικρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 τοῦτο | amod | medium | Accusative neuter adjective agreeing with τοῦτο; οὕτω modifies the adjective. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἥγηνται | punct | high | |
| 12 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 19 ἐπεισάγεσθαι | advmod | high | Negates the infinitival phrase. |
| 13 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 19 ἐπεισάγεσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference with ἐπεισάγεσθαι: ‘for me/in my present account’. |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 15 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παρόντι | obl | high | Dative phrase τῷ λόγῳ τῷ παρόντι, ‘in the present discussion/account’. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παρόντι | det | high | Article with the attributive participle. |
| 17 | παρόντι | πάρειμι | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 λόγῳ | acl | high | Attributive present participle agreeing with λόγῳ. |
| 18 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect εἰμί with articular infinitive as subject/complement construction. |
| 19 | ἐπεισάγεσθαι | ἐπεισάγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 18 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Articular infinitive understood from context as the subject of ἦν: ‘it was not appropriate to introduce’. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἦν | punct | high |
ὅτι γὰρ μὴ τῶν Μεσσηνίων τὸ εὔψυχον καὶ χρόνου μῆκος ὃν ἐπολέμησαν διάφορα ἐγένετο τῆς Ἀπολλοδώρου τυραννίδος, ἔς γε τὰς συμφορὰς οὐ πολλῷ τινι ἀποδέοι ἂν ἃ οἱ Κασσανδρεῖς πεπόνθασι.
ὅτι introduces an explanatory/content clause; μὴ ... ἐγένετο is the protasis-like negative premise, with εὔψυχον and μῆκος as coordinated subjects and διάφορα as predicate adjective. The apodotic ἀποδέοι ἂν governs the relative object ἃ, while οἱ Κασσανδρεῖς is its subject. The relative ὃν is taken with χρόνου μῆκος, though its form is anomalous for the expected neuter ὅ; confidence is therefore reduced.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | mark | high | Explanatory/content conjunction. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | parataxis | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 14 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Negates the premise. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εὔψυχον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εὔψυχον. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---N-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 εὔψυχον | det | high | |
| 7 | εὔψυχον | εὔψυχος | ADJ | A-S---N-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐγένετο | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter adjective, coordinated with μῆκος. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 μῆκος | cc | high | |
| 9 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μῆκος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μῆκος. |
| 10 | μῆκος | μῆκος | NOUN | N-S---N-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 εὔψυχον | conj | high | Coordinated subject with εὔψυχον. |
| 11 | ὃν | ὅς | PRON | P-S---AM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 12 ἐπολέμησαν | obj | low | Form is anomalous with μῆκος; likely intended relative reference to the duration/time of the war. |
| 12 | ἐπολέμησαν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-3PAAI- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 μῆκος | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause modifying μῆκος/χρόνου μῆκος; subject is implicit Messenians. |
| 13 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | A-P---N-- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐγένετο | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective, agreeing with coordinated neuter subjects in plural. |
| 14 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3SAI-- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the ὅτι-clause. |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-S---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 τυραννίδος | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἀπολλοδώρου | Ἀπολλόδωρος | PROPN | N-S---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τυραννίδος | nmod | high | Personal-name genitive. |
| 17 | τυραννίδος | τυραννίς | NOUN | N-S---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 διάφορα | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison/reference with διάφορα. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 συμφορὰς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 20 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 19 ἔς | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 21 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-P---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 συμφορὰς | det | high | |
| 22 | συμφορὰς | συμφορά | NOUN | N-P---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 ἀποδέοι | obl | high | Object of εἰς in the idiom εἰς συμφοράς. |
| 23 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 26 ἀποδέοι | advmod | high | Negates ἀποδέοι. |
| 24 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἀποδέοι | advmod | high | Dative of degree/measure. |
| 25 | τινι | τις | PRON | P-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 24 πολλῷ | det | high | Indefinite modifying πολλῷ. |
| 26 | ἀποδέοι | ἀποδέω | VERB | V-3SPOA- | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ἐγένετο | parataxis | medium | Apodotic optative with ἄν; means would fall short. |
| 27 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | X-------- | _ | 26 ἀποδέοι | aux | high | Modal particle with optative. |
| 28 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 31 πεπόνθασι | obj | high | Relative object, antecedent understood as συμφοράς. |
| 29 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 Κασσανδρεῖς | det | high | |
| 30 | Κασσανδρεῖς | Κασσανδρεύς | PROPN | N-P---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 πεπόνθασι | nsubj | high | Demonym used as proper-name plural. |
| 31 | πεπόνθασι | πάσχω | VERB | V-3PRAI- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 26 ἀποδέοι | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 14 ἐγένετο | punct | high |