Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.6.3

← 4.6.2 4.6.4 →

Passage 4.6.3

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

91Greek tokens

2,045input tokens

6,161output tokens

Sentence 1

4.6.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 60
Input: 1,159
Output: 4,037
Total: 5,196

ἄνδρα οὖν Μεσσήνιον---τούτου γὰρ δὴ ἕνεκα τὸν πάντα ἐποιησάμην Ῥιανοῦ καὶ Μύρωνος λόγον---Ἀριστομένην, ὃς καὶ πρῶτος καὶ μάλιστα τὸ Μεσσήνης ὄνομα ἐς ἀξίωμα προήγαγε, τοῦτον τὸν ἄνδρα ἐπεισήγαγε μὲν ὁ Πριηνεὺς ἐς τὴν συγγραφήν, Ῥιανῷ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν οὐδὲν Ἀριστομένης ἐστὶν ἀφανέστερος ἢ Ἀχιλλεὺς ἐν Ἰλιάδι Ὁμήρῳ.

The syntax is strongly parenthetical, with two main verbal centers (ἐποιησάμην and ἐπεισήγαγε) before the final comparative clause headed by ἀφανέστερος; the dative Ὁμήρῳ is the most interpretively difficult attachment.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἄνδρα	ἀνήρ	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἐποιησάμην	obj	high	Object of ἐποιησάμην in the parenthetical clause.
2	οὖν	οὖν	PART	_	_	13 ἐποιησάμην	discourse	high	Inferential particle.
3	Μεσσήνιον	Μεσσήνιος	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἄνδρα	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying ἄνδρα.
4	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐποιησάμην	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
5	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐποιησάμην	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
6	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐποιησάμην	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
7	τούτου	οὗτος	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἕνεκα	det	medium	Likely demonstrative modifying ἕνεκα, though genitive form is somewhat textual-context dependent.
8	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	10 ἕνεκα	discourse	high	Explanatory particle.
9	δὴ	δή	PART	_	_	10 ἕνεκα	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
10	ἕνεκα	ἕνεκα	ADP	_	Case=Gen	13 ἐποιησάμην	obl	high	Causal/postpositive preposition governing a genitive.
11	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 λόγον	det	high	Article modifying λόγον.
12	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 λόγον	amod	high	Adjectival modifier of λόγον.
13	ἐποιησάμην	ποιέω	VERB	V-AIM-1S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main clause verb.
14	Ῥιανοῦ	Ρἰανός	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 λόγον	nmod	high	Dependent genitive in the title/author phrase.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	16 Μύρωνος	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
16	Μύρωνος	Μύρων	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 Ῥιανοῦ	conj	high	Coordinated genitive proper name.
17	λόγον	λόγος	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἐποιησάμην	obj	high	Object of ἐποιησάμην.
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐποιησάμην	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐποιησάμην	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐποιησάμην	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
21	Ἀριστομένην	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	38 ἐπεισήγαγε	obj	high	Direct object of ἐπεισήγαγε.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 Ἀριστομένην	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
23	ὃς	ὅς	PRON	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 προήγαγε	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun subject of προήγαγε.
24	καὶ	καί	ADV	_	_	25 πρῶτος	advmod	high	Correlative additive adverb with πρῶτος.
25	πρῶτος	πρῶτος	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 προήγαγε	advmod	medium	Predicate-like adverbial use: 'first'.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	27 μάλιστα	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
27	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	_	_	25 πρῶτος	advmod	high	Adverb modifying πρῶτος.
28	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 ὄνομα	det	high	Article modifying ὄνομα.
29	Μεσσήνης	Μεσσήνη	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	30 ὄνομα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of ὄνομα.
30	ὄνομα	ὄνομα	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	33 προήγαγε	obj	high	Object of προήγαγε.
31	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	Case=Acc	33 προήγαγε	obl	high	Preposition governing ἀξίωμα.
32	ἀξίωμα	ἀξίωμα	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 ἐς	obj	high	Object of ἐς.
33	προήγαγε	προάγω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	23 ὃς	acl:relcl	high	Verb of the relative clause modifying Ἀριστομένην.
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	33 προήγαγε	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
35	τοῦτον	οὗτος	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 ἄνδρα	det	high	Demonstrative article modifying ἄνδρα.
36	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	37 ἄνδρα	det	high	Article modifying ἄνδρα.
37	ἄνδρα	ἀνήρ	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	38 ἐπεισήγαγε	obj	high	Object of ἐπεισήγαγε.
38	ἐπεισήγαγε	ἐπεισάγω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the second clause; coordinated with the preceding parenthetical material.
39	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	38 ἐπεισήγαγε	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
40	ὁ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 Πριηνεὺς	det	high	Article with Πριηνεύς.
41	Πριηνεὺς	Πριηνεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	38 ἐπεισήγαγε	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπεισήγαγε.
42	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	Case=Acc	38 ἐπεισήγαγε	obl	high	Preposition governing συγγραφήν.
43	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	44 συγγραφήν	det	high	Article modifying συγγραφήν.
44	συγγραφήν	συγγραφή	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 ἐς	obj	high	Object of ἐς.
45	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	38 ἐπεισήγαγε	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
46	Ῥιανῷ	Ρἰανός	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	53 ἐστὶν	obl	high	Dative of reference with ἐστίν.
47	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	53 ἐστὶν	discourse	high	Mild adversative/continuative particle.
48	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	Case=Dat	53 ἐστὶν	obl	high	Preposition governing ἔπεσιν.
49	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	50 ἔπεσιν	det	high	Article modifying ἔπεσιν.
50	ἔπεσιν	ἔπος	NOUN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	48 ἐν	obj	high	Object of ἐν.
51	οὐδὲν	οὐδείς	PRON	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	54 ἀφανέστερος	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστίν.
52	Ἀριστομένης	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	54 ἀφανέστερος	nsubj	medium	Appositional/logical subject within the comparative clause; syntax is somewhat compressed.
53	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	54 ἀφανέστερος	cop	high	Copula with ἀφανέστερος.
54	ἀφανέστερος	ἀφανής	ADJ	_	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate adjective.
55	ἢ	ἤ	SCONJ	_	_	54 ἀφανέστερος	mark	high	Comparative marker.
56	Ἀχιλλεὺς	Ἀχιλλεύς	PROPN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	54 ἀφανέστερος	nsubj	high	Second term of comparison.
57	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	Case=Dat	54 ἀφανέστερος	obl	high	Preposition governing Ἰλιάδι.
58	Ἰλιάδι	Ἰλιάς	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	57 ἐν	obj	high	Object of ἐν.
59	Ὁμήρῳ	Ὅμηρος	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	54 ἀφανέστερος	obl	medium	Dative of reference/association with the comparison; exact attachment is somewhat interpretive.
60	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	54 ἀφανέστερος	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

4.6.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 31
Input: 886
Output: 2,124
Total: 3,010

διάφορα οὖν ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον εἰρηκότων, προσέσθαι μὲν τὸν ἕτερόν μοι τῶν λόγων καὶ οὐχ ἅμα ἀμφοτέρους ὑπελείπετο, Ῥιανὸς δέ μοι ποιῆσαι μᾶλλον ἐφαίνετο εἰκότα ἐς τὴν Ἀριστομένους ἡλικίαν·

The first half is syntactically compressed, with a genitive absolute and an infinitival construction whose exact internal attachment is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	διάφορα	διάφορος	ADJ	_	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	7 προσέσθαι	xcomp	medium	Likely predicate complement with infinitive ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον εἰρηκότων; syntax somewhat loose.
2	οὖν	οὖν	PART	_	_	7 προσέσθαι	discourse	high
3	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	_	_	4 τοσοῦτον	case	high
4	τοσοῦτον	τοσοῦτος	ADJ	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	7 προσέσθαι	obl	high
5	εἰρηκότων	λέγω	VERB	V-PPP-MPG	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Perfect\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Active	4 τοσοῦτον	acl	high	Genitive absolute with τοσοῦτον.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 προσέσθαι	punct	high
7	προσέσθαι	προσίημι	VERB	V-AON--N	Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Infinitive\|Voice=Middle	18 ὑπελείπετο	csubj	medium	Infinitival subject of ὑπελείπετο.
8	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	7 προσέσθαι	discourse	high
9	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	10 ἕτερόν	det	high
10	ἕτερόν	ἕτερος	ADJ	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	13 λόγων	obj	high	Head of article phrase meaning 'the other (one) of the speeches'.
11	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-P---MD-	Case=Dative\|Number=Singular\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	7 προσέσθαι	iobj	high
12	τῶν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Art	13 λόγων	det	high
13	λόγων	λόγος	NOUN	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	10 ἕτερόν	nmod	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	17 ἀμφοτέρους	cc	high
15	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	_	_	16 ἅμα	advmod	high
16	ἅμα	ἅμα	ADV	_	_	18 ὑπελείπετο	advmod	high
17	ἀμφοτέρους	ἀμφότερος	ADJ	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	7 προσέσθαι	obj	medium	Likely paired with προσέσθαι as another object; relation uncertain.
18	ὑπελείπετο	ὑπολείπω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	18 ὑπελείπετο	punct	high
20	Ῥιανὸς	Ῥιανός	PROPN	_	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	25 ἐφαίνετο	nsubj	high
21	δέ	δέ	PART	_	_	25 ἐφαίνετο	discourse	high
22	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-P---MD-	Case=Dative\|Number=Singular\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	25 ἐφαίνετο	iobj	high
23	ποιῆσαι	ποιέω	VERB	V-ANA	Tense=Aorist\|VerbForm=Infinitive\|Voice=Active	25 ἐφαίνετο	xcomp	high
24	μᾶλλον	μᾶλλον	ADV	_	_	25 ἐφαίνετο	advmod	high
25	ἐφαίνετο	φαίνομαι	VERB	V-IMI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Middle	18 ὑπελείπετο	conj	high	Second main clause coordinated to ὑπελείπετο.
26	εἰκότα	εἰκός	ADJ	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	23 ποιῆσαι	obj	medium	Possibly adjective used substantively/object of ποιῆσαι; morphology somewhat uncertain.
27	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	_	_	30 ἡλικίαν	case	high
28	τὴν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	30 ἡλικίαν	det	high
29	Ἀριστομένους	Ἀριστομένης	PROPN	_	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	30 ἡλικίαν	nmod	high
30	ἡλικίαν	ἡλικία	NOUN	_	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	23 ποιῆσαι	obl	high
31	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	18 ὑπελείπετο	punct	high

← 4.6.2 4.6.4 →