Grammar parses for passage 4.6.4
Open translation for this passage
Μύρωνα δὲ ἐπί τε ἄλλοις καταμαθεῖν ἔστιν οὐ προορώμενον εἰ ψευδῆ τε καὶ οὐ πιθανὰ δόξει λέγειν καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐν τῇδε τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ συγγραφῇ.
Μύρωνα is the accusative subject of the impersonal ἔστιν with complementary καταμαθεῖν; προορώμενον is an accusative masculine participle agreeing with Μύρωνα, with εἰ introducing the content apprehended. The final καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα phrase modifies the scope of the claim in the Messenian narrative; attachment of ἐπί τε ἄλλοις is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μύρωνα | Μύρων | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καταμαθεῖν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the impersonal construction with ἔστιν and καταμαθεῖν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπί | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 5 ἄλλοις | case | high | Preposition governing ἄλλοις. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | d-------- | _ | 3 ἐπί | advmod | medium | First member of the τε ... καὶ coordination; attached locally to the prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | a-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 καταμαθεῖν | obl | medium | Dative plural neuter substantive, ‘other matters’; governed by ἐπί. |
| 6 | καταμαθεῖν | καταμανθάνω | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Complementary aorist infinitive with impersonal ἔστιν. |
| 7 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | v-sria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal ‘it is possible/one can’ construction. |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 9 προορώμενον | advmod | high | Negates the participle προορώμενον. |
| 9 | προορώμενον | προοράω | VERB | v-sppama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 καταμαθεῖν | advcl | medium | Accusative masculine participle agreeing with Μύρωνα; predicative/circumstantial relation to the infinitival clause. |
| 10 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 16 δόξει | mark | high | Introduces an indirect-question/content clause dependent on δόξει. |
| 11 | ψευδῆ | ψευδής | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 λέγειν | obj | high | Neuter plural accusative object of λέγειν. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | d-------- | _ | 11 ψευδῆ | cc | high | Coordinates ψευδῆ with πιθανὰ. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 15 πιθανὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate adjective with the first. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 15 πιθανὰ | advmod | high | Negates πιθανὰ. |
| 15 | πιθανὰ | πιθανός | ADJ | a-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 λέγειν | obj | high | Second neuter plural accusative object of λέγειν, coordinated with ψευδῆ. |
| 16 | δόξει | δοκέω | VERB | v-sf ia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 9 προορώμενον | ccomp | medium | Future ‘will seem’; governs the εἰ-clause and λέγειν as its complement. |
| 17 | λέγειν | λέγω | VERB | v--pna--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 δόξει | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on δόξει, with ψευδῆ and πιθανὰ as its objects. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 20 ἥκιστα | cc | medium | Coordinates the final limiting phrase with the preceding assertion. |
| 19 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | _ | 20 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negates ἥκιστα. |
| 20 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | d-------- | Degree=Sup | 7 ἔστιν | advmod | medium | Superlative adverb, ‘least of all/not least’; exact scope is interpretive. |
| 21 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 25 συγγραφῇ | case | high | Preposition governing τῇδε ... συγγραφῇ. |
| 22 | τῇδε | ὅδε | DET | pd-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Deixis=Prox|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | Demonstrative determiner agreeing with Μεσσηνίᾳ. |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | t-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 συγγραφῇ | det | high | Article agreeing with συγγραφῇ. |
| 24 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 συγγραφῇ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive-like place/name modifier in the dative phrase; refers to Messenia. |
| 25 | συγγραφῇ | συγγραφή | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἥκιστα | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν, ‘in the Messenian narrative/history’. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστιν | punct | high |
πεποίηκε γὰρ ὡς ἀποκτείνειε Θεόπομπον τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τὸν βασιλέα Ἀριστομένης ὀλίγον πρὸ τῆς Ἀριστοδήμου τελευτῆς·
The main difficulty is πεποίηκε, which is formally ambiguous between a present-form interpretation and perfect indicative; the clause ὡς ἀποκτείνειε is treated as an oblique/content clause, with Ἀριστομένης as subject and Θεόπομπον τὸν βασιλέα as object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηκε | ποιέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect-looking form πεποίηκε may be present stem in context; parsed here as 3sg present indicative active, though perfect indicative is also possible orthographically. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | CONJ | _ | 1 πεποίηκε | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἀποκτείνειε | mark | medium | Introduces the explanatory/content clause with ἀποκτείνειε. |
| 4 | ἀποκτείνειε | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-2AAO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηκε | ccomp | medium | Aorist optative in an indirect or oblique ὡς-clause; exact force depends on discourse context. |
| 5 | Θεόπομπον | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλέα | appos | high | Personal name in apposition to τὸν βασιλέα. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 βασιλέα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέα. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 βασιλέα | det | high | |
| 9 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποκτείνειε | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀποκτείνειε; Θεόπομπον is appositional. |
| 10 | Ἀριστομένης | Ἀριστομένης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποκτείνειε | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τελευτῆς | obl | medium | Substantivized/elliptical temporal accusative, ‘a little [time] before’; dependency attached to the temporal phrase. |
| 12 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 τελευτῆς | case | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 τελευτῆς | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 τελευτῆς | nmod | high | Personal name dependent on τελευτῆς. |
| 15 | τελευτῆς | τελευτή | NOUN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἀποκτείνειε | obl | high | Temporal prepositional phrase πρὸ τῆς ... τελευτῆς. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηκε | punct | high |
Θεόπομπον δὲ οὔτε μάχης γινομένης οὔτε ἄλλως προαποθανόντα ἴσμεν πρὶν ἢ διαπολεμηθῆναι τὸν πόλεμον.
ἴσμεν governs Θεόπομπον and the temporal infinitival clause; the participles express that he was not known to have died either during a battle or otherwise before the war had been fought through.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θεόπομπον | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἴσμεν | obj | high | Accusative masculine singular proper name, object of ἴσμεν; also accusative subject of the participial construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 9 ἴσμεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 γινομένης | cc | high | First member of οὔτε ... οὔτε. |
| 4 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 γινομένης | obl | high | Genitive absolute with γινομένης. |
| 5 | γινομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 προαποθανόντα | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, temporal/circumstantial. |
| 6 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 προαποθανόντα | cc | high | Second member of οὔτε ... οὔτε, coordinating circumstances. |
| 7 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | Adv | _ | 8 προαποθανόντα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying προαποθανόντα. |
| 8 | προαποθανόντα | προαποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-A-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἴσμεν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Θεόπομπον; coordinated negatively with the genitive-absolute circumstance. |
| 9 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RPAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb, perfect form with present meaning. |
| 10 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | Adv | _ | 12 διαπολεμηθῆναι | mark | medium | Temporal subordinating element introducing the infinitival clause. |
| 11 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 12 διαπολεμηθῆναι | cc | medium | Part of the πρὶν ἢ construction. |
| 12 | διαπολεμηθῆναι | διαπολεμέω | VERB | V-A-...P | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἴσμεν | advcl | high | Aorist passive infinitive after πρὶν ἢ, with τὸν πόλεμον as accusative subject. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 πόλεμον | det | high | Article determining πόλεμον. |
| 14 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 διαπολεμηθῆναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive διαπολεμηθῆναι. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἴσμεν | punct | high |