Grammar parses for passage 4.6.6
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ Μεσσήνιοι τότε, ὡς τὰ περὶ τὴν Ἄμφειαν ἤκουον παρʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἀποσωθέντων ἐκ τῆς ἁλώσεως, συνελέγοντο ἐς Στενύκληρον ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων.
ὡς introduces a temporal clause with ἤκουον; τὰ περὶ τὴν Ἄμφειαν is the object of ἤκουον, while παρʼ αὐτῶν τῶν ἀποσωθέντων expresses the source. συνελέγοντο is middle, with ἐς Στενύκληρον marking destination and ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων the point of origin.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 20 συνελέγοντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-----NM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 συνελέγοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 11 ἤκουον | advmod | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 συνελέγοντο | punct | high | |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἤκουον | mark | high | Temporal conjunction. |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----NA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 περὶ | det | high | |
| 8 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Ἄμφειαν | case | high | With accusative, marking the topic concerned. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-----FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἄμφειαν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἄμφειαν | Ἄμφεια | PROPN | N-----FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἤκουον | nmod | high | Object of περί within the nominalized topic phrase. |
| 11 | ἤκουον | ἀκούω | VERB | V3PIIA1 | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 20 συνελέγοντο | advcl | high | Finite verb of the temporal ὡς-clause. |
| 12 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 αὐτῶν | case | high | With genitive, source. |
| 13 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-----GM3 | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 ἀποσωθέντων | obl | high | Source complement of ἤκουον, appositional with τῶν ἀποσωθέντων. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἀποσωθέντων | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀποσωθέντων | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | VPAOGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 αὐτῶν | appos | high | Substantivized aorist passive participle, 'those who survived'. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 ἁλώσεως | case | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-----GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ἁλώσεως | det | high | |
| 18 | ἁλώσεως | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N-----GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀποσωθέντων | obl | high | Source/state from which they were saved. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 συνελέγοντο | punct | high | |
| 20 | συνελέγοντο | συλλέγω | VERB | V3PIIM1 | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle voice: they gathered/assembled themselves. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Στενύκληρον | case | high | |
| 22 | Στενύκληρον | Στενύκληρος | PROPN | N-----FA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 συνελέγοντο | obl | high | Destination. |
| 23 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 πόλεων | case | high | |
| 24 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 25 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-----GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 συνελέγοντο | obl | high | Point of origin. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 συνελέγοντο | punct | high |
ἀθροισθέντος δὲ ἐς ἐκκλησίαν τοῦ δήμου καὶ ἄλλοι τῶν ἐν τέλει καὶ τελευταῖος ὁ βασιλεὺς παρεκελεύετο μήτε τῆς Ἀμφείας καταπεπλῆχθαι τὴν πόρθησιν, ὡς τὸν πάντα ἤδη κεκριμένον διʼ αὐτῆς πόλεμον, μήτε ὡς τῆς σφετέρας κρείσσονα τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων δεδοικέναι τὴν παρασκευήν·
Genitive absolute at the opening; παρεκελεύετο governs two coordinated μήτε infinitival complements (καταπεπλῆχθαι and δεδοικέναι). The ὡς clauses are explanatory/completive, with κεκριμένον agreeing with πόλεμον and κρείσσονα predicative with τὴν παρασκευήν; some attachment choices are interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀθροισθέντος | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V--APPNS- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 6 δήμου | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle; subject is δήμου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 παρεκελεύετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 ἐκκλησίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | ἐκκλησίαν | ἐκκλησία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 ἀθροισθέντος | obl | high | Destination of the passive gathering. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 δήμου | det | high | |
| 6 | δήμου | δῆμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἀθροισθέντος | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive absolute. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἄλλοι | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 16 παρεκελεύετο | nsubj | medium | Substantival nominative, coordinated with βασιλεύς. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 11 τέλει | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 τέλει | case | high | |
| 11 | τέλει | τέλος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 8 ἄλλοι | nmod | high | Substantival phrase τῶν ἐν τέλει = those in office. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 τελευταῖος | cc | high | |
| 13 | τελευταῖος | τελευταῖος | ADJ | A-NSM-S | Case=Nominative|Degree=Superlative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 βασιλεὺς | amod | high | Predicative/ordering adjective: last. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 βασιλεὺς | det | high | |
| 15 | βασιλεὺς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 παρεκελεύετο | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | παρεκελεύετο | παρακελεύομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; governs infinitival complements. |
| 17 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 καταπεπλῆχθαι | cc | high | First member of μήτε...μήτε coordination. |
| 18 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 19 Ἀμφείας | det | high | |
| 19 | Ἀμφείας | Ἀμφεία | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 22 πόρθησιν | nmod | high | Genitive of the object/event feared. |
| 20 | καταπεπλῆχθαι | καταπλήσσω | VERB | V-RPN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Passive | 16 παρεκελεύετο | xcomp | high | Perfect passive infinitive, first complement of παρεκελεύετο. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 22 πόρθησιν | det | high | |
| 22 | πόρθησιν | πόρθησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 20 καταπεπλῆχθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of passive καταπεπλῆχθαι. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 καταπεπλῆχθαι | punct | high | |
| 24 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 κεκριμένον | mark | medium | Explanatory/completive clause. |
| 25 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 31 πόλεμον | det | high | |
| 26 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 31 πόλεμον | amod | high | Adjectival modifier, with πόλεμον: the whole war. |
| 27 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 κεκριμένον | advmod | high | |
| 28 | κεκριμένον | κρίνω | VERB | V-RPPASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Passive | 20 καταπεπλῆχθαι | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with πόλεμον; explanatory ὡς-clause. |
| 29 | διʼ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 αὐτῆς | case | high | Elided διά before αὐτῆς. |
| 30 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 31 πόλεμον | nmod | high | Refers to the sack/destruction of Amphia. |
| 31 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 28 κεκριμένον | obj | high | Accusative subject/object-like argument of the participial construction. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 καταπεπλῆχθαι | punct | high | |
| 33 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 40 δεδοικέναι | cc | high | Second member of μήτε...μήτε coordination. |
| 34 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 κρείσσονα | mark | medium | Explanatory/completive clause introducing a predicative comparison. |
| 35 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 36 σφετέρας | det | high | |
| 36 | σφετέρας | σφέτερος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Poss=Yes | 42 παρασκευήν | amod | high | Possessive adjective modifying παρασκευήν. |
| 37 | κρείσσονα | κρείσσων | ADJ | A-ASM-C | Case=Accusative|Degree=Comparative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 40 δεδοικέναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative with παρασκευήν; form is syncretic and gender is interpreted as feminine. |
| 38 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 39 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 39 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 37 κρείσσονα | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison. |
| 40 | δεδοικέναι | δείδω | VERB | V-RAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 16 παρεκελεύετο | xcomp | high | Second infinitival complement of παρεκελεύετο; perfect has present relevance. |
| 41 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 42 παρασκευήν | det | high | |
| 42 | παρασκευήν | παρασκευή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 40 δεδοικέναι | obj | high | Object of δεδοικέναι; also understood with predicative κρείσσονα. |
| 43 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 παρεκελεύετο | punct | high |
μελέτην μὲν γὰρ ἐκείνοις τῶν πολεμικῶν ἐκ χρόνου πλείονος, σφίσι δὲ εἶναι τήν τε ἀνάγκην ἰσχυροτέραν ἀνδράσιν ἀγαθοῖς γίνεσθαι καὶ τὸ εὐμενέστερον ἔσεσθαι παρὰ τῶν θεῶν ἀμύνουσι τῇ οἰκείᾳ καὶ οὐκ ἀδικίας ἄρχουσιν.
The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on an understood preceding verb of saying/thinking: μελέτην is coordinated with the following content clause, while σφίσι introduces the contrastive dative of reference. The final participial phrase ἀμύνουσι ... ἄρχουσιν is construed with the dative plural understood subject (σφίσι/ἀνδράσιν).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μελέτην | μελέτη | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἶναι | obj | medium | Accusative subject/content complement of the understood governing verb; coordinated semantically with the following infinitival clause. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | ------------- | _ | 1 μελέτην | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | ------------- | _ | 1 μελέτην | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἐκείνοις | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 μελέτην | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession with μελέτην. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πολεμικῶν | det | high | |
| 6 | πολεμικῶν | πολεμικός | ADJ | a-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 μελέτην | nmod | medium | Substantivized neuter plural genitive, ‘military matters/activities’. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | r-------- | _ | 8 χρόνου | case | high | |
| 8 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 πλείονος | obl | high | |
| 9 | πλείονος | πολύς | ADJ | a-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 χρόνου | amod | high | Comparative modifying χρόνος. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μελέτην | punct | high | |
| 11 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | p-p---md- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 13 εἶναι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference with εἶναι; antecedent is the contrasted group. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ------------- | _ | 13 εἶναι | cc | high | Contrastive coordinator. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | vnpapna- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Infinitival predicate in an accusative-and-infinitive content construction; its larger clause contains coordinated infinitives. |
| 14 | τήν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνάγκην | det | high | |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | ------------- | _ | 16 ἀνάγκην | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 16 | ἀνάγκην | ἀνάγκη | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἰσχυροτέραν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἰσχυροτέραν ... γίνεσθαι. |
| 17 | ἰσχυροτέραν | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | a-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 γίνεσθαι | xcomp | high | Comparative predicate adjective with γίνεσθαι. |
| 18 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀγαθοῖς | obl | medium | Dative of respect/qualification with ἀγαθοῖς. |
| 19 | ἀγαθοῖς | ἀγαθός | ADJ | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 γίνεσθαι | obl | medium | Dative predicative/qualifying phrase, ‘to be brave/good men’; syntactically somewhat compressed. |
| 20 | γίνεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | vnppmn- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated in content with ἔσεσθαι, with ἀνάγκην as accusative subject. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | ------------- | _ | 24 ἔσεσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitival predicates. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 εὐμενέστερον | det | high | Article substantivizing the neuter comparative. |
| 23 | εὐμενέστερον | εὐμενής | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἔσεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter comparative, ‘the more favorable disposition/favor’; accusative subject of ἔσεσθαι. |
| 24 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | vifpmn- | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 13 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Future infinitive coordinated with γίνεσθαι. |
| 25 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 27 θεῶν | case | high | |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 θεῶν | det | high | |
| 27 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 εὐμενέστερον | obl | high | παρά with genitive, source of favor. |
| 28 | ἀμύνουσι | ἀμύνω | VERB | vpppmd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 30 οἰκείᾳ | acl | medium | Present active participle, dative masculine plural; agrees with the implicit dative group, and modifies the understood referent of οἰκείᾳ. |
| 29 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 οἰκείᾳ | det | high | |
| 30 | οἰκείᾳ | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | a-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἀμύνουσι | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine dative, ‘one’s own [land/country]’; object/location associated with ἀμύνουσι. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | ------------- | _ | 34 ἄρχουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates ἄρχουσιν with ἀμύνουσι. |
| 32 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 34 ἄρχουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 33 | ἀδικίας | ἀδικία | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἄρχουσιν | obl | high | Genitive object/thing ruled by ἄρχω, ‘begin wrongdoing’; construction contrasts defensive action with aggression. |
| 34 | ἄρχουσιν | ἄρχω | VERB | vpppmd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 ἀμύνουσι | conj | medium | Present active participle, dative masculine plural, coordinated with ἀμύνουσι; subject is the implicit dative group. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἶναι | punct | high |