Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.7.1

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Passage 4.7.1

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3sentences parsed

77Greek tokens

2,499input tokens

5,625output tokens

Sentence 1

4.7.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 38
Input: 965
Output: 2,737
Total: 3,702

τοιαῦτα ὁ Εὐφαὴς εἰπὼν διέλυσε τὸν σύλλογον, τὸ δὲ ἀπὸ τούτου πάντας ἔσχεν ἤδη τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἐν ὅπλοις, τούς τε οὐκ εἰδότας ἐπαναγκάζων διδάσκεσθαι τὰ πολεμικὰ καὶ τοῖς ἐπισταμένοις ἐπιμελεστέραν ἢ πρότερον τὴν ἄσκησιν εἶναι.

The second main clause coordinates with διέλυσε via ἔσχεν; ἐπαναγκάζων governs two coordinated infinitival complements, with τοῖς ἐπισταμένοις supplying the understood subject of εἶναι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοιαῦτα	τοιοῦτος	ADJ	A--APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 διέλυσε	obj	high	Neuter plural substantivized; object of διέλυσε.
2	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S--NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Εὐφαὴς	det	high
3	Εὐφαὴς	Εὐφαής	PROPN	N--NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 διέλυσε	nsubj	high
4	εἰπὼν	λέγω	VERB	V-AAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	5 διέλυσε	advcl	high	Aorist participle with shared subject.
5	διέλυσε	διαλύω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
6	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 σύλλογον	det	high
7	σύλλογον	σύλλογος	NOUN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 διέλυσε	obj	high
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 διέλυσε	punct	high
9	τὸ	ὁ	DET	S--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 ἔσχεν	nsubj	medium	Neuter article substantivizing an elliptical temporal/topic phrase.
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 ἔσχεν	cc	high
11	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R--------	_	12 τούτου	case	high
12	τούτου	οὗτος	PRON	D--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἔσχεν	obl	high	Genitive governed by ἀπό.
13	πάντας	πᾶς	ADJ	A--APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 τοὺς	amod	high
14	ἔσχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	5 διέλυσε	conj	high	Coordinated finite verb after δέ.
15	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	D--------	_	14 ἔσχεν	advmod	high
16	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	S--APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 Μεσσηνίους	det	high
17	Μεσσηνίους	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A--APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἔσχεν	obj	high
18	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	19 ὅπλοις	case	high
19	ὅπλοις	ὅπλον	NOUN	N--DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ἔσχεν	obl	high	Predicative state with ἔσχεν.
20	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἔσχεν	punct	high
21	τούς	ὁ	DET	S--APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 εἰδότας	det	high
22	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 εἰδότας	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί.
23	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	T--------	Polarity=Neg	24 εἰδότας	advmod	high
24	εἰδότας	οἶδα	VERB	V-RAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	25 ἐπαναγκάζων	obj	high	Perfect form with present meaning; object/accusative subject of ἐπαναγκάζων.
25	ἐπαναγκάζων	ἐπαναγκάζω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 ἔσχεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with implicit subject of ἔσχεν.
26	διδάσκεσθαι	διδάσκω	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	25 ἐπαναγκάζων	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of ἐπαναγκάζων.
27	τὰ	ὁ	DET	S--APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	28 πολεμικὰ	det	high
28	πολεμικὰ	πολεμικός	ADJ	A--APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	26 διδάσκεσθαι	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, object of διδάσκεσθαι.
29	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	37 εἶναι	cc	high	Coordinates infinitival predicates.
30	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	S--DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ἐπισταμένοις	det	high
31	ἐπισταμένοις	ἐπίσταμαι	VERB	V-PMP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	37 εἶναι	obl	high	Substantivized dative participle, 'those who know'; contrasted with τούς ... εἰδότας.
32	ἐπιμελεστέραν	ἐπιμελής	ADJ	A--ASF	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 ἄσκησιν	amod	high
33	ἢ	ἤ	SCONJ	C--------	_	34 πρότερον	mark	medium	Comparative conjunction introducing πρότερον.
34	πρότερον	πρότερος	ADV	A-SAN	Degree=Cmp	32 ἐπιμελεστέραν	advmod	high	Adverbial comparative, 'than before'.
35	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S--ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 ἄσκησιν	det	high
36	ἄσκησιν	ἄσκησις	NOUN	N--ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 εἶναι	obj	high	Object of εἶναι; predicate adjective ἐπιμελεστέραν agrees with it.
37	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	25 ἐπαναγκάζων	conj	high	Second infinitival complement coordinated with διδάσκεσθαι; understood subject is τοῖς ἐπισταμένοις.
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 διέλυσε	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.7.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 25
Input: 840
Output: 1,779
Total: 2,619

Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ καταδρομὰς ἐποιοῦντο ἐς τὴν Μεσσηνίαν, καὶ τὴν μὲν χώραν οὐκ ἐλυμαίνοντο ἅτε δὴ νομίζοντες οἰκείαν οὐδὲ δένδρα ἔκοπτον οὐδὲ οἰκήματα κατέβαλλον·

The participle νομίζοντες is circumstantial with the subject Λακεδαιμόνιοι and governs οἰκείαν as a predicative object/complement; ἅτε δή marks the stated reason. The final two coordinated clauses share the subject and finite imperfect verbs.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N--PMN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἐποιοῦντο	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	4 ἐποιοῦντο	cc	high
3	καταδρομὰς	καταδρομή	NOUN	N--P--AF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	4 ἐποιοῦντο	obj	high
4	ἐποιοῦντο	ποιέω	VERB	V--IIMPM-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Middle voice: 'made/conducted raids'.
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	7 Μεσσηνίαν	case	high
6	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 Μεσσηνίαν	det	high
7	Μεσσηνίαν	Μεσσηνία	PROPN	N--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἐποιοῦντο	obl	high
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐποιοῦντο	punct	high
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 ἐλυμαίνοντο	cc	high	Coordinates the following clause with the preceding verbal predication.
10	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L--ASF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 χώραν	det	high
11	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	12 χώραν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν; the contrasting δέ is absent or deferred.
12	χώραν	χώρα	NOUN	N--SAF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐλυμαίνοντο	obj	high
13	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D--------	Polarity=Neg	14 ἐλυμαίνοντο	advmod	high
14	ἐλυμαίνοντο	λυμαίνομαι	VERB	V--IIMPM-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	4 ἐποιοῦντο	conj	high	Coordinated imperfect middle verb; subject is shared.
15	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	G--------	_	17 νομίζοντες	mark	high	Introduces a causal circumstantial participial construction.
16	δὴ	δή	PART	G--------	_	17 νομίζοντες	discourse	high	Emphatic particle with ἅτε.
17	νομίζοντες	νομίζω	VERB	V--PAPNM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Person=-\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	14 ἐλυμαίνοντο	advcl	high	Circumstantial causal participle agreeing with the subject.
18	οἰκείαν	οἰκεῖος	ADJ	A--SAF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 νομίζοντες	xcomp	medium	Predicative complement of understood χώραν or land; substantival/predicative adjective.
19	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 ἔκοπτον	cc	high
20	δένδρα	δένδρον	NOUN	N--PAN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	21 ἔκοπτον	obj	high
21	ἔκοπτον	κόπτω	VERB	V--IIA-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	14 ἐλυμαίνοντο	conj	high	Coordinates with ἐλυμαίνοντο; shared subject.
22	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	24 κατέβαλλον	cc	high
23	οἰκήματα	οἴκημα	NOUN	N--PAN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 κατέβαλλον	obj	high
24	κατέβαλλον	καταβάλλω	VERB	V--IIA-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	21 ἔκοπτον	conj	high	Further coordinated imperfect verb; shared subject.
25	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐποιοῦντο	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.7.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 14
Input: 694
Output: 1,109
Total: 1,803

οἱ δὲ λείαν εἰ περιτύχοιεν ἤλαυνον καὶ σῖτον καὶ τὸν ἄλλον καρπὸν ἀφῃροῦντο.

Conditional protasis εἰ περιτύχοιεν has optative; λείαν is likely an adverbial accusative modifying ἤλαυνον, while σῖτον and τὸν ἄλλον καρπόν are coordinated objects of ἀφῃροῦντο. The subject οἱ is substantival and contextually masculine plural.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T- ---NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἤλαυνον	nsubj	high	Substantival article, masculine nominative plural.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἤλαυνον	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	λείαν	λεία	ADV	A- ---ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἤλαυνον	advmod	medium	Adverbial accusative, likely ‘smoothly/without resistance’; formally feminine accusative singular adjective.
4	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	5 περιτύχοιεν	mark	high	Conditional subordinating conjunction.
5	περιτύχοιεν	περιτυγχάνω	VERB	V- AOAA3P	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἤλαυνον	advcl	high	Aorist active optative in conditional protasis.
6	ἤλαυνον	ἐλαύνω	VERB	V- IAAA3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Imperfect active indicative; spelling may represent ἤλαυνον, with subject supplied by οἱ.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 σῖτον	cc	high	Coordinates objects.
8	σῖτον	σῖτος	NOUN	N- AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἀφῃροῦντο	obj	high	First coordinated object of ἀφῃροῦντο.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 καρπὸν	cc	high	Coordinates καρπόν with σῖτον.
10	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T- ---ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἄλλον	det	high	Article agreeing with ἄλλον.
11	ἄλλον	ἄλλος	ADJ	A- ---ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 καρπὸν	amod	high	Attributive adjective.
12	καρπὸν	καρπός	NOUN	N- AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἀφῃροῦντο	conj	high	Second coordinated object of ἀφῃροῦντο.
13	ἀφῃροῦντο	ἀφαιρέω	VERB	V- IMται3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	6 ἤλαυνον	conj	high	Imperfect middle indicative, coordinated with ἤλαυνον.
14	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἤλαυνον	punct	high

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