Grammar parses for passage 4.7.2
Open translation for this passage
πρὸς δὲ τὰς πόλεις ποιούμενοι προσβολὰς εἷλον μὲν οὐδεμίαν ἅτε καὶ τείχεσιν ὠχυρωμένας καὶ διʼ ἀκριβείας φρουρουμένας, λαμβάνοντες δὲ τραύματα ἀπεχώρουν ἄπρακτοι καὶ τελευτῶντες οὐκέτι ἀπεπειρῶντο τῶν πόλεων.
The syntax is a sequence of coordinated main verbs with several participial modifiers; the accusative participles ὠχυρωμένας and φρουρουμένας likely depend on πόλεις despite imperfect agreement/ellipsis in the transmitted wording.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 4 πόλεις | case | high | preposition with accusative |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἀπεχώρουν | discourse | high | postpositive connective |
| 3 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 πόλεις | det | high | article modifying πόλεις |
| 4 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 προσβολὰς | obl | high | object of πρός |
| 5 | ποιούμενοι | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 εἷλον | advcl | high | participial clause modifying εἷλον |
| 6 | προσβολὰς | προσβολή | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ποιούμενοι | obj | high | object of ποιούμενοι |
| 7 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 εἷλον | discourse | high | correlative particle |
| 9 | οὐδεμίαν | οὐδείς | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 7 εἷλον | obj | medium | likely object of εἷλον |
| 10 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ὠχυρωμένας | mark | high | causal/comparative particle |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ὠχυρωμένας | cc | high | coordination within participial phrase |
| 12 | τείχεσιν | τεῖχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ὠχυρωμένας | obl | high | dative of means/agency |
| 13 | ὠχυρωμένας | ὀχυρόω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 πόλεις | acl | medium | agreement is problematic with πόλεις; probably participle in ellipse/relation to cities |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 φρουρουμένας | cc | high | coordination |
| 15 | διʼ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 16 ἀκριβείας | case | high | preposition with genitive |
| 16 | ἀκριβείας | ἀκρίβεια | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 φρουρουμένας | obl | high | complement of διά |
| 17 | φρουρουμένας | φρουρέω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 πόλεις | acl | medium | another participial modifier of πόλεις |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἷλον | punct | high | punctuation |
| 19 | λαμβάνοντες | λαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπεχώρουν | advcl | high | participial clause |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 22 ἀπεχώρουν | discourse | high | postpositive connective |
| 21 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 λαμβάνοντες | obj | high | object of λαμβάνοντες |
| 22 | ἀπεχώρουν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 7 εἷλον | conj | high | coordinated main verb |
| 23 | ἄπρακτοι | ἄπρακτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀπεχώρουν | xcomp | medium | predicative adjective with ἀπεχώρουν |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 25 τελευτῶντες | cc | high | coordination |
| 25 | τελευτῶντες | τελευτάω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἀπεχώρουν | advcl | high | participial modifier of ἀπεχώρουν |
| 26 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | _ | _ | 27 ἀπεπειρῶντο | advmod | high | modifies ἀπεπειρῶντο |
| 27 | ἀπεπειρῶντο | ἀποπειράομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 22 ἀπεχώρουν | conj | high | coordinated verb |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 πόλεων | det | high | article modifying πόλεων |
| 29 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 ἀπεπειρῶντο | obj | high | object of ἀπεπειρῶντο |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἷλον | punct | high | punctuation |
ἐλῄστευον δὲ καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι τά τε ἐπιθαλάσσια τῆς Λακωνικῆς καὶ ὅσαι γεωργίαι περὶ τὸ Ταΰγετον ἦσαν.
The syntax is coordinated: the main clause ἐλῄστευον has two coordinated objects/clauses, with ἦσαν introducing the relative clause ὅσαι γεωργίαι περὶ τὸ Ταΰγετον ἦσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλῄστευον | λῃστεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D | _ | 1 ἐλῄστευον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | Connects coordinated subject/phrase. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | Article with subject noun. |
| 5 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐλῄστευον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐλῄστευον. |
| 6 | τά | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἐπιθαλάσσια | det | high | Article with substantive adjective. |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 6 τά | cc | medium | Enclitic coordinating particle within correlative structure. |
| 8 | ἐπιθαλάσσια | ἐπιθαλάσσιος | ADJ | A-APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐλῄστευον | obj | high | Object coordinated with following clause-like phrase. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Λακωνικῆς | det | high | Article with genitive noun. |
| 10 | Λακωνικῆς | Λακωνική | ADJ | A-SGF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπιθαλάσσια | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐπιθαλάσσια. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ὅσαι | cc | high | Second coordinator in correlative pair. |
| 12 | ὅσαι | ὅσος | DET | P-APN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 13 γεωργίαι | det | high | Relative determiner introducing second coordinated subject. |
| 13 | γεωργίαι | γεωργία | NOUN | N-APF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν. |
| 14 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R | _ | 16 Ταΰγετον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Ταΰγετον | det | high | Article with proper noun. |
| 16 | Ταΰγετον | Ταΰγετος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γεωργίαι | obl | high | Oblique locative phrase with περὶ. |
| 17 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἐπιθαλάσσια | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb in the clause. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐλῄστευον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |