Grammar parses for passage 4.7.4
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἦν γὰρ ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ χωρίον ἄλλως μὲν ἐς ἀγῶνα ἐπιτήδειον, χαράδρα δὲ προεβέβλητο αὐτοῦ βαθεῖα·
The sentence has a μέν...δέ contrast: the place was suitable for a contest in one respect, but a deep ravine had been set before it; προεβέβλητο is passive pluperfect.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Μεσσηνίᾳ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 χωρίον | nmod | high | |
| 7 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | _ | _ | 12 ἐπιτήδειον | advmod | high | |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἄλλως | discourse | high | Correlative μέν anticipates δέ. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἀγῶνα | case | high | |
| 11 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπιτήδειον | obl | high | |
| 12 | ἐπιτήδειον | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 χωρίον | conj | high | Predicate adjective coordinated in the μέν-clause; agrees with χωρίον. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐπιτήδειον | punct | high | |
| 14 | χαράδρα | χαράδρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 προεβέβλητο | nsubj:pass | medium | Subject of passive προεβέβλητο: a ravine had been thrown/laid in front. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 προεβέβλητο | cc | high | |
| 16 | προεβέβλητο | προβάλλω | VERB | V-LAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Pass | 2 ἦν | conj | high | |
| 17 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 προεβέβλητο | advmod | medium | Adverbial genitive, ‘there/of it’; antecedent is the χωρίον. |
| 18 | βαθεῖα | βαθύς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 χαράδρα | amod | high | |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high |
ἐνταῦθα τοὺς Μεσσηνίους παρέτασσεν ὁ Εὐφαής, ἀποδείξας στρατηγὸν Κλέοννιν·
The aorist participle ἀποδείξας is a supplementary/circumstantial adjunct to παρέτασσεν, sharing the nominative subject Εὐφαής; στρατηγὸν Κλέοννιν forms an accusative object-plus-predicative complement of ἀποδείξας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 παρέτασσεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | A--PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παρέτασσεν | obj | high | |
| 4 | παρέτασσεν | παρατάσσω | VERB | V3SI、IAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Εὐφαής | det | high | |
| 6 | Εὐφαής | Εὐφαής | PROPN | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παρέτασσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 παρέτασσεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ἀποδείξας | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V--SAPNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 παρέτασσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial/preceding participle, with implied subject Εὐφαής. |
| 9 | στρατηγὸν | στρατηγός | NOUN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδείξας | obj | high | Predicate accusative with ἀποδείξας. |
| 10 | Κλέοννιν | Κλεόννις | PROPN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδείξας | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicative personal name, construed with στρατηγόν; exact name inflection/lemma is somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 παρέτασσεν | punct | high |
τῆς δὲ ἵππου καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν, οἳ συναμφότεροι ἐλάσσους πεντακοσίων ἦσαν, τούτων Πυθάρατος καὶ Ἄντανδρος ἡγοῦντο.
The genitive phrase τῆς ἵππου καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν is resumed by τούτων; οἳ is a relative subject of ἦσαν, while Πυθάρατος and Ἄντανδρος coordinate as subjects of ἡγοῦντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- GS F-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἵππου | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἡγοῦντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N1-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τούτων | nmod | high | Genitive member of the coordinated force phrase. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ψιλῶν | cc | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GP M/F/N | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ψιλῶν | det | medium | Gender is formally ambiguous; masculine is selected with ψιλῶν. |
| 6 | ψιλῶν | ψιλός | ADJ | A-GPM | substantivized=Yes|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 τούτων | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘light-armed troops’. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 οἳ | punct | high | |
| 8 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-RNM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to the combined troops. |
| 9 | συναμφότεροι | συναμφότερος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἦσαν | obl | medium | Predicative/quantifying adjective modifying the relative subject. |
| 10 | ἐλάσσους | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A-APM C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicate with εἰμί; accusative may reflect an elliptical quantified object/value construction. |
| 11 | πεντακοσίων | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 10 ἐλάσσους | nmod | high | Partitive/complementary genitive, ‘of five hundred’. |
| 12 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ἡγοῦντο | acl:relcl | high | Imperfect of εἰμί in the relative clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἡγοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 14 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 ἡγοῦντο | obj | medium | Genitive demonstrative resumed from the preceding genitive phrase; syntactically dependent on ἡγοῦντο. |
| 15 | Πυθάρατος | Πυθάρατος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 18 ἡγοῦντο | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 Ἄντανδρος | cc | high | |
| 17 | Ἄντανδρος | Ἄντανδρος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 15 Πυθάρατος | conj | high | |
| 18 | ἡγοῦντο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | ‘were commanding/leading’. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἡγοῦντο | punct | high |