Grammar parses for passage 4.7.4
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἦν γὰρ ἐν τῇ Μεσσηνίᾳ χωρίον ἄλλως μὲν ἐς ἀγῶνα ἐπιτήδειον, χαράδρα δὲ προεβέβλητο αὐτοῦ βαθεῖα·
Two coordinated clauses: one with ἦν and subject χωρίον, followed by a second with προεβέβλητο and subject χαράδρα; γὰρ and δὲ are discourse particles, and the prepositional phrases are attached to the respective predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | cc | high | coordinating connector |
| 2 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | discourse | high | postpositive explanatory particle |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | obl | medium | preposition introducing locative phrase |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Μεσσηνίᾳ | det | high | article |
| 6 | Μεσσηνίᾳ | Μεσσηνία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐν | obj | medium | object of preposition; place name |
| 7 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 2 ἦν | nsubj | high | subject of ἦν |
| 8 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D | _ | 12 ἐπιτήδειον | advmod | high | modifies ἐπιτήδειον |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἐπιτήδειον | discourse | high | correlative particle |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ἐπιτήδειον | obl | medium | preposition introducing purpose/result phrase |
| 11 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐς | obj | high | object of preposition |
| 12 | ἐπιτήδειον | ἐπιτήδειος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 χωρίον | amod | medium | predicate/attributive adjective agreeing with χωρίον |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | comma |
| 14 | χαράδρα | χαράδρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 προεβέβλητο | nsubj | high | subject of προεβέβλητο |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 16 προεβέβλητο | discourse | high | connective particle |
| 16 | προεβέβλητο | προβάλλω | VERB | V-IIIQ-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 2 ἦν | conj | high | second clause coordinated to ἦν |
| 17 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 16 προεβέβλητο | nmod | medium | genitive dependent; likely possessive/referring to 'it' |
| 18 | βαθεῖα | βαθύς | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 χαράδρα | amod | high | adjectival modifier of χαράδρα |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἦν | punct | high | sentence-final punctuation |
ἐνταῦθα τοὺς Μεσσηνίους παρέτασσεν ὁ Εὐφαής, ἀποδείξας στρατηγὸν Κλέοννιν·
The participial phrase ἀποδείξας στρατηγὸν Κλέοννιν is attached as a circumstantial adjunct to the main clause; Κλέοννιν is treated as appositive to στρατηγὸν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | Db | _ | 4 παρέτασσεν | advmod | high | Adverbial locator modifying the verb. |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | Article modifying the noun. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παρέτασσεν | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective functioning as object. |
| 4 | παρέτασσεν | παρατάσσω | VERB | V-3SAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Εὐφαής | det | high | Article modifying the proper name. |
| 6 | Εὐφαής | Εὐφαής | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παρέτασσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέτασσεν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 παρέτασσεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 8 | ἀποδείξας | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 παρέτασσεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, circumstantial, agreeing with the subject. |
| 9 | στρατηγὸν | στρατηγός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδείξας | obj | high | Object of the participle. |
| 10 | Κλέοννιν | Κλέωνις | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 στρατηγὸν | appos | medium | Likely apposition to στρατηγόν; form is accusative of the name. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 παρέτασσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τῆς δὲ ἵππου καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν, οἳ συναμφότεροι ἐλάσσους πεντακοσίων ἦσαν, τούτων Πυθάρατος καὶ Ἄντανδρος ἡγοῦντο.
The clause is somewhat elliptical: the genitives τῆς ἵππου καὶ τῶν ψιλῶν are difficult to attach cleanly, but they most likely depend on the clause introduced by τούτων and set up the group being discussed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἵππου | det | high | Article modifying ἵππου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 18 ἡγοῦντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἡγοῦντο | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent of τούτων/implicit head; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 3 ἵππου | cc | high | Coordinates ἵππου with ψιλῶν. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ψιλῶν | det | high | Article modifying ψιλῶν. |
| 6 | ψιλῶν | ψιλός | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἵππου | conj | high | Coordinated with ἵππου. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ψιλῶν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 8 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | P-3MPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 12 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of ἦσαν. |
| 9 | συναμφότεροι | συναμφότερος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἦσαν | advmod | low | Uncertain syntax; likely adverbial/intensifying with ἦσαν or predicate-like. |
| 10 | ἐλάσσους | ἐλάσσων | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἦσαν | obj | medium | Comparative adjective with omitted complement/measure sense. |
| 11 | πεντακοσίων | πεντακόσιοι | NUM | M-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐλάσσους | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison after comparative. |
| 12 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 οἳ | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἦσαν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 14 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | P-APG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 ἡγοῦντο | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἡγοῦντο, likely partitive/reference. |
| 15 | Πυθάρατος | Πυθάρατος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἡγοῦντο | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 Πυθάρατος | cc | high | Coordinates the two proper names. |
| 17 | Ἄντανδρος | Ἄντανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Πυθάρατος | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 18 | ἡγοῦντο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἡγοῦντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |