Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.7.5

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Passage 4.7.5

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2sentences parsed

61Greek tokens

1,737input tokens

4,337output tokens

Sentence 1

4.7.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 29
Input: 854
Output: 2,066
Total: 2,920

ὡς δὲ συνῄει τὰ στρατόπεδα, τοῖς μὲν ὁπλίταις καὶ ἀφειδῶς ὅμως καὶ ἀκρατέστερον ὑπὸ τοῦ μίσους φερομένοις ἐπὶ ἀλλήλους οὐ παρέσχεν ἐλθεῖν ἐς χεῖρας ἡ χαράδρα διείργουσα·

The main construction is ἡ χαράδρα ... οὐ παρέσχεν ἐλθεῖν ἐς χεῖρας, with the dative τοῖς ὁπλίταις marking the persons prevented; the opening ὡς-clause is temporal and συνῄει has τὰ στρατόπεδα as subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	3 συνῄει	mark	high	Temporal conjunction introducing the subordinate clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 συνῄει	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	συνῄει	σύνειμι	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Act	22 παρέσχεν	advcl	medium	Imperfect of σύνειμι, here ‘came together/approached’; subject is τὰ στρατόπεδα.
4	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 στρατόπεδα	det	high
5	στρατόπεδα	στρατόπεδον	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 συνῄει	nsubj	high
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 συνῄει	punct	high
7	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 ὁπλίταις	det	high
8	μὲν	μέν	PART	ADV	_	9 ὁπλίταις	discourse	high	Correlative particle; corresponding δέ is not overtly expressed.
9	ὁπλίταις	ὁπλίτης	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 παρέσχεν	iobj	medium	Dative of the persons for whom the obstacle prevented the action.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἀφειδῶς	cc	high
11	ἀφειδῶς	ἀφειδῶς	ADV	ADV	_	18 φερομένοις	advmod	medium	Adverb modifying the participial description; exact scope is somewhat compressed.
12	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	ADV	_	18 φερομένοις	advmod	high	‘Nevertheless/still’, modifying the participial phrase.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἀκρατέστερον	cc	high
14	ἀκρατέστερον	ἀκρατής	ADV	ADV-COMP	Degree=Cmp	18 φερομένοις	advmod	medium	Comparative adverb, modifying φερομένοις.
15	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	17 μίσους	case	high
16	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 μίσους	det	high
17	μίσους	μῖσος	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 φερομένοις	obl	high	Agent/source phrase with ὑπό.
18	φερομένοις	φέρω	VERB	V-PPDPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	9 ὁπλίταις	acl	high	Participial modifier of ὁπλίταις.
19	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	20 ἀλλήλους	case	high	With accusative, expressing movement against.
20	ἀλλήλους	ἀλλήλων	PRON	P-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rcp	18 φερομένοις	obl	high	Reciprocal object of movement/hostility.
21	οὐ	οὐ	PART	ADV	Polarity=Neg	22 παρέσχεν	advmod	high
22	παρέσχεν	παρέχω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb; subject is ἡ χαράδρα.
23	ἐλθεῖν	ἔρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	22 παρέσχεν	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive after παρέσχεν.
24	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	25 χεῖρας	case	high
25	χεῖρας	χείρ	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	23 ἐλθεῖν	obl	high	Fixed expression ἐλθεῖν ἐς χεῖρας, ‘come to close combat’.
26	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	27 χαράδρα	det	high
27	χαράδρα	χαράδρα	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 παρέσχεν	nsubj	high
28	διείργουσα	διείργω	VERB	V-PAPNSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	22 παρέσχεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with χαράδρα: ‘separating/intervening’.
29	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	22 παρέσχεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.7.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 32
Input: 883
Output: 2,271
Total: 3,154

τὸ δʼ ἱππικὸν καὶ οἱ ψιλοὶ συμμίσγουσι μὲν κατὰ τὸ ὑπὲρ τὴν χαράδραν, ἦσαν δὲ οὔτε πλῆθος οὔτε ἐμπειρίᾳ διαφέροντες οὐδέτεροι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἰσόρροπος ἡ μάχη σφίσιν ἐγένετο.

The sentence has coordinated clauses: the forces ‘mingle/fight’, neither side is superior in numbers or experience, and consequently the battle becomes evenly balanced. The neuter πλῆθος is best treated as an accusative of respect with ἦσαν, though the coordination is syntactically compressed.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ἱππικὸν	det	high
2	δʼ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 συμμίσγουσι	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἱππικὸν	ἱππικός	NOUN	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 συμμίσγουσι	nsubj	high	Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘cavalry’.
4	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ψιλοὶ	cc	high
5	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ψιλοὶ	det	high
6	ψιλοὶ	ψιλός	NOUN	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 συμμίσγουσι	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘light-armed troops’.
7	συμμίσγουσι	συμμίγνυμι	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	7 συμμίσγουσι	discourse	high	Correlative μέν anticipates δέ.
9	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	10 τὸ	case	high
10	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 χαράδραν	det	high	Article with substantivized phrase.
11	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	PREP	_	12 τὴν	case	high
12	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 χαράδραν	det	high
13	χαράδραν	χαράδρα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 τὸ	nmod	high	ὑπὲρ τὴν χαράδραν is an embedded prepositional phrase.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	7 συμμίσγουσι	punct	high
15	ἦσαν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	31 ἐγένετο	conj	high	Imperfect of εἰμί; subject is coordinated οἱ ψιλοί and τὸ ἱππικόν.
16	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	15 ἦσαν	cc	high
17	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 πλῆθος	cc	high	First member of οὔτε...οὔτε.
18	πλῆθος	πλῆθος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἦσαν	obj	medium	Accusative of respect/measure with ἦσαν: ‘in number’.
19	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 ἐμπειρίᾳ	cc	high	Second member of οὔτε...οὔτε.
20	ἐμπειρίᾳ	ἐμπειρία	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 διαφέροντες	obl	high	Dative of respect with διαφέροντες.
21	διαφέροντες	διαφέρω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 ἦσαν	xcomp	medium	Participial complement/predicate with εἰμί; coordinated with πλῆθος in the οὔτε construction.
22	οὐδέτεροι	οὐδέτερος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἦσαν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective: neither side was superior.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἦσαν	punct	high
24	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	31 ἐγένετο	cc	high
25	διὰ	διά	ADP	PREP	_	26 τοῦτο	case	high
26	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	D-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 ἐγένετο	obl	high	Causal διά + accusative: ‘because of this’.
27	ἰσόρροπος	ἰσόρροπος	ADJ	A-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἐγένετο	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with γίγνομαι.
28	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 μάχη	det	high
29	μάχη	μάχη	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 ἐγένετο	nsubj	high
30	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-D3P	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3	31 ἐγένετο	iobj	high	Ethic/possessive dative: ‘for them/between them’.
31	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main clause coordinated after the ἦσαν clause.
32	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἐγένετο	punct	high

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