Grammar parses for passage 4.7.5
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ συνῄει τὰ στρατόπεδα, τοῖς μὲν ὁπλίταις καὶ ἀφειδῶς ὅμως καὶ ἀκρατέστερον ὑπὸ τοῦ μίσους φερομένοις ἐπὶ ἀλλήλους οὐ παρέσχεν ἐλθεῖν ἐς χεῖρας ἡ χαράδρα διείργουσα·
The syntax is elliptical in the dative participial phrase; ὁπλίταις is treated as the dative participant of παρέσχεν, with the participle phrase qualifying it.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 3 συνῄει | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing temporal clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 συνῄει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | συνῄει | συνέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 παρέσχεν | advcl | high | Main verb of temporal clause; subject understood from plural neuter στρατόπεδα. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 στρατόπεδα | det | high | Article with στρατόπεδα. |
| 5 | στρατόπεδα | στρατόπεδον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 συνῄει | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of συνῄει. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 συνῄει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ὁπλίταις | det | high | Article with ὁπλίταις. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 τοῖς | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δέ. |
| 9 | ὁπλίταις | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 παρέσχεν | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/reference with παρέσχεν; construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ἀφειδῶς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | ἀφειδῶς | ἀφειδῶς | ADV | _ | _ | 18 φερομένοις | advmod | high | Adverb modifying φερομένοις. |
| 12 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | _ | _ | 18 φερομένοις | advmod | high | Adverb modifying φερομένοις. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἀκρατέστερον | cc | high | Coordinates adverb/adjective-like modifier. |
| 14 | ἀκρατέστερον | ἀκρατέστερον | ADV | _ | _ | 18 φερομένοις | advmod | high | Comparative adverb modifying φερομένοις. |
| 15 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 17 μίσους | case | high | Introduces agent phrase. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 μίσους | det | high | Article with μίσους. |
| 17 | μίσους | μῖσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 φερομένοις | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό. |
| 18 | φερομένοις | φέρω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 παρέσχεν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the dative group. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 20 ἀλλήλους | case | high | Preposition governing reciprocal object. |
| 20 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 18 φερομένοις | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 21 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 22 παρέσχεν | advmod | high | Negation of παρέσχεν. |
| 22 | παρέσχεν | παρέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 23 | ἐλθεῖν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 22 παρέσχεν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 25 χεῖρας | case | high | Preposition with χεῖρας. |
| 25 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 23 ἐλθεῖν | obl | high | Fixed phrase ἐς χεῖρας. |
| 26 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 27 χαράδρα | det | high | Article with χαράδρα. |
| 27 | χαράδρα | χαράδρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 διείργουσα | nsubj | high | Subject of διείργουσα. |
| 28 | διείργουσα | διείργω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 συνῄει | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying συνῄει / the situation described. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 παρέσχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὸ δʼ ἱππικὸν καὶ οἱ ψιλοὶ συμμίσγουσι μὲν κατὰ τὸ ὑπὲρ τὴν χαράδραν, ἦσαν δὲ οὔτε πλῆθος οὔτε ἐμπειρίᾳ διαφέροντες οὐδέτεροι, καὶ διὰ τοῦτο ἰσόρροπος ἡ μάχη σφίσιν ἐγένετο.
The sentence has a main clause with two coordinated predications: συμμίσγουσι and ἐγένετο, with an intervening circumstantial clause headed by ἦσαν; the phrase κατὰ τὸ ὑπὲρ τὴν χαράδραν is syntactically compressed and somewhat difficult.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | PDS-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ἱππικὸν | det | high | Article with substantivized adjective |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἱππικὸν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle |
| 3 | ἱππικὸν | ἱππικός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 συμμίσγουσι | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ψιλοί |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἱππικὸν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | PDS-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ψιλοὶ | det | high | Article |
| 6 | ψιλοὶ | ψιλός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἱππικὸν | conj | high | Substantivized adjective coordinated with ἱππικόν |
| 7 | συμμίσγουσι | συμμίσγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 7 συμμίσγουσι | discourse | high | Correlative particle |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 11 ὑπὲρ | case | high | Preposition governing phrase ὑπὲρ τὴν χαράδραν |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | PDS-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ὑπὲρ | det | high | Article with prepositional phrase |
| 11 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R | _ | 7 συμμίσγουσι | obl | high | Preposition as head of nested PP |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | PDS-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 χαράδραν | det | high | Article |
| 13 | χαράδραν | χαράδρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ὑπὲρ | obj | high | Object of ὑπέρ |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συμμίσγουσι | punct | high | Comma |
| 15 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 31 ἐγένετο | advcl | medium | Likely circumstantial/temporal clause introduced by contrastive δέ |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle |
| 17 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 πλῆθος | cc | high | First part of correlative pair |
| 18 | πλῆθος | πλῆθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 οὐδέτεροι | obl | high | Complement of διαφέροντες; acc. of respect/measure |
| 19 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἐμπειρίᾳ | cc | high | Second part of correlative pair |
| 20 | ἐμπειρίᾳ | ἐμπειρία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 διαφέροντες | obl | high | Dative of respect/standard |
| 21 | διαφέροντες | διαφέρω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Participial predicate with ἦσαν |
| 22 | οὐδέτεροι | οὐδέτερος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἦσαν |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦσαν | punct | high | Comma |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 31 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction |
| 25 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 26 τοῦτο | case | high | Preposition with accusative |
| 26 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 31 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Causal adjunct |
| 27 | ἰσόρροπος | ἰσόρροπος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 μάχη | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with μάχη |
| 28 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | PDS-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 μάχη | det | high | Article |
| 29 | μάχη | μάχη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο |
| 30 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 31 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative of advantage/reference |
| 31 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of final clause |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation |