Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.7.6

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Passage 4.7.6

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2sentences parsed

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2,006input tokens

6,371output tokens

Sentence 1

4.7.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 30
Input: 853
Output: 2,150
Total: 3,003

ἐν ὅσῳ δὲ οὗτοι συνεστήκασιν, ἐν τοσούτῳ τοὺς οἰκέτας ἐκέλευεν ὁ Εὐφαὴς πρῶτα μὲν τὰ κατὰ νῶτον τοῦ στρατοπέδου φράξασθαι τοῖς σταυροῖς, μετὰ δὲ τὰ πλευρὰ ἀμφότερα.

Correlative temporal construction ἐν ὅσῳ ... ἐν τοσούτῳ; συνεστήκασιν is perfect active 3pl of συνίστημι (‘stand together/are assembled’). ἐκέλευεν governs accusative οἰκέτας and complementary infinitive φράξασθαι, with τοῖς σταυροῖς instrumental; μετὰ τὰ πλευρὰ is an elliptical coordinated object/complement (‘then both flanks’).

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	2 ὅσῳ	case	high
2	ὅσῳ	ὅσος	PRON	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	5 συνεστήκασιν	obl	high	Relative-correlative dative after ἐν.
3	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 συνεστήκασιν	cc	high
4	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	D-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	5 συνεστήκασιν	nsubj	high
5	συνεστήκασιν	συνίστημι	VERB	V-RAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Perfect may describe a continuing state: ‘are standing/assembled’.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 συνεστήκασιν	punct	high
7	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	8 τοσούτῳ	case	high
8	τοσούτῳ	τοσοῦτος	PRON	D-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	11 ἐκέλευεν	advmod	high	Correlative temporal adverbial phrase.
9	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 οἰκέτας	det	high
10	οἰκέτας	οἰκέτης	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἐκέλευεν	obj	high	Accusative subject/object of ἐκέλευεν.
11	ἐκέλευεν	κελεύω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	5 συνεστήκασιν	conj	high
12	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 Εὐφαὴς	det	high
13	Εὐφαὴς	Εὐφαής	PROPN	N-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἐκέλευεν	nsubj	high	Personal name.
14	πρῶτα	πρῶτος	ADV	ADV	Degree=Pos	21 φράξασθαι	advmod	high	Adverbial ‘first’.
15	μὲν	μέν	PART	PTCL	_	14 πρῶτα	advmod	high	Correlative μέν with later δέ.
16	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 νῶτον	det	high
17	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	18 νῶτον	case	high	κατά with accusative.
18	νῶτον	νῶτον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 φράξασθαι	obj	medium	Together with τὰ, substantivized phrase ‘the rear/back portions’.
19	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	20 στρατοπέδου	det	high
20	στρατοπέδου	στρατόπεδον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 νῶτον	nmod	high
21	φράξασθαι	φράσσω	VERB	V-AMA	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	11 ἐκέλευεν	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive; middle voice is appropriate for arranging/fortifying.
22	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	23 σταυροῖς	det	high
23	σταυροῖς	σταυρός	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 φράξασθαι	obl	high	Instrumental dative.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 φράξασθαι	punct	high
25	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	PREP	AdpType=Prep	28 πλευρὰ	case	high	μετά with accusative, ‘after/then’.
26	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	28 πλευρὰ	cc	high	Correlative with μέν.
27	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	28 πλευρὰ	det	high
28	πλευρὰ	πλευρόν	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	21 φράξασθαι	obj	high	Coordinated elliptical object: ‘both flanks’.
29	ἀμφότερα	ἀμφότερος	DET	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Tot	28 πλευρὰ	amod	high	Agrees with πλευρά.
30	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 συνεστήκασιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.7.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 58
Input: 1,153
Output: 4,221
Total: 5,374

ἐπεὶ δὲ ἥ τε νύξ ἐπέλαβε καὶ ἡ μάχη διελέλυτο, τότε ἤδη καὶ τὰ πρὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου κατὰ τὴν χαράδραν ἐφράξαντο, ὥστε ἐπισχούσης ἡμέρας τῆς τε προνοίας τοῦ Εὐφαοῦς τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπιπίπτει λογισμὸς εἶχόν τε οὔτε ὅπως μάχεσθαι χρὴ πρὸς τοὺς Μεσσηνίους μὴ προϊόντας ἐκ τοῦ χάρακος προσκαθῆσθαί τε ἀπεγίνωσκον ἀπαράσκευοι τοῖς πᾶσιν ὁμοίως ὄντες.

The ὥστε clause is analyzed as a consecutive construction: after the defensive works were completed, a realization fell upon the Lacedaemonians, who concluded both that they had no way to fight the Messenians without advancing from the trench and that they should sit tight, being unprepared in every respect. The coordination around εἶχον/ἀπεγίνωσκον is syntactically compressed and partly uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐπεὶ	ἐπεί	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Rel	6 ἐπέλαβε	mark	high	Temporal conjunction introducing the first subordinate clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἐπέλαβε	cc	high
3	ἥ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 νύξ	det	high	First member of ἥ τε ... καὶ coordination.
4	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἥ	cc	high	Correlative τε.
5	νύξ	νύξ	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἐπέλαβε	nsubj	high
6	ἐπέλαβε	ἐπιλαμβάνω	VERB	V-3AAI-S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	12 τότε	advcl	high	Main verb of the temporal ἐπεί clause.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 διελέλυτο	cc	high
8	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 μάχη	det	high
9	μάχη	μάχη	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 διελέλυτο	nsubj	high
10	διελέλυτο	διαλύω	VERB	V-3LMI-S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pluperf\|Voice=Mid	6 ἐπέλαβε	conj	high	Coordinated with ἐπέλαβε; middle/passive form means the battle had ended.
11	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	6 ἐπέλαβε	punct	high
12	τότε	τότε	ADV	ADV	PronType=Dem	34 ἐπιπίπτει	advmod	high
13	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	ADV	_	34 ἐπιπίπτει	advmod	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	34 ἐπιπίπτει	advmod	high	Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
15	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	22 ἐφράξαντο	det	high	Substantivized article with πρὸ τοῦ στρατοπέδου.
16	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	PREP	_	18 στρατοπέδου	case	high
17	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 στρατοπέδου	det	high
18	στρατοπέδου	στρατόπεδον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 τὰ	nmod	high	Object of πρό.
19	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	21 χαράδραν	case	high
20	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 χαράδραν	det	high
21	χαράδραν	χαράδρα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 ἐφράξαντο	obl	high
22	ἐφράξαντο	φράσσω	VERB	V-3AMI-P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	34 ἐπιπίπτει	advcl	medium	Subject is implicit Lacedaemonians; τὰ ... is the object, with κατά phrase locating the works.
23	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	22 ἐφράξαντο	punct	high
24	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	CONJ	_	34 ἐπιπίπτει	mark	high	Introduces consecutive/result clause.
25	ἐπισχούσης	ἐπέχω	VERB	V-AP-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	26 ἡμέρας	amod	medium	Genitive absolute participle; literally ‘when day had come on/been delayed’.
26	ἡμέρας	ἡμέρα	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἐπιπίπτει	obl	medium	Genitive-absolute subject of ἐπισχούσης; exact semantic nuance of ἐπέχω is uncertain.
27	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 προνοίας	det	high	First member of τῆς τε ... καὶ coordination.
28	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 τῆς	cc	high	Correlative τε.
29	προνοίας	πρόνοια	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἐπιπίπτει	obl	medium	Genitive coordinated with ἡμέρας; likely a further circumstance/genitive absolute-like phrase, with τοῦ Εὐφαοῦς dependent.
30	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	31 Εὐφαοῦς	det	high
31	Εὐφαοῦς	Εὔφαος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	29 προνοίας	nmod	high	Proper name in the genitive.
32	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	33 Λακεδαιμονίοις	det	high
33	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἐπιπίπτει	iobj	high	Dative experiencer/recipient with ἐπιπίπτει.
34	ἐπιπίπτει	ἐπιπίπτω	VERB	V-3PAI-S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main predicate: a realization/calculation falls upon the Lacedaemonians.
35	λογισμὸς	λογισμός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 ἐπιπίπτει	nsubj	high
36	εἶχόν	ἔχω	VERB	V-3IAI-P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Act	35 λογισμὸς	ccomp	medium	Compressed coordinated thought after λογισμός; likely ‘they had/held [the realization]’.
37	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	36 εἶχόν	cc	high	Coordinates the following οὔτε clause.
38	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	52 ἀπεγίνωσκον	cc	high	Correlative negative coordinator; paired with τε.
39	ὅπως	ὅπως	SCONJ	CONJ	_	41 χρὴ	mark	high	Introduces an indirect deliberative/content clause.
40	μάχεσθαι	μάχομαι	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	41 χρὴ	xcomp	high	Infinitive dependent on impersonal χρὴ.
41	χρὴ	χρή	VERB	V-3PAI-S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	36 εἶχόν	ccomp	medium	Impersonal necessity verb; its content is ὅπως ... μάχεσθαι.
42	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	44 Μεσσηνίους	case	high
43	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	44 Μεσσηνίους	det	high
44	Μεσσηνίους	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 μάχεσθαι	obl	high	Object of πρός with μάχεσθαι.
45	μὴ	μή	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	46 προϊόντας	advmod	high	Negates the participial adjunct.
46	προϊόντας	πρόειμι	VERB	V-PAP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	40 μάχεσθαι	advcl	medium	Accusative participle agreeing with the implicit subject of μάχεσθαι: without advancing.
47	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	49 χάρακος	case	high
48	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	49 χάρακος	det	high
49	χάρακος	χάραξ	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	46 προϊόντας	obl	high	Source phrase with προϊόντας.
50	προσκαθῆσθαί	προσκάθημαι	VERB	V-PMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	52 ἀπεγίνωσκον	xcomp	medium	Second infinitival content, coordinated with the preceding deliberative thought.
51	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	50 προσκαθῆσθαί	cc	high	Coordinates προσκαθῆσθαι with the preceding construction.
52	ἀπεγίνωσκον	ἀπογιγνώσκω	VERB	V-3IAI-P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Act	34 ἐπιπίπτει	conj	medium	Coordinated main predicate: they concluded/decided; governs the following content.
53	ἀπαράσκευοι	ἀπαράσκευος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	57 ὄντες	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ὄντες.
54	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	55 πᾶσιν	det	high	Substantivized/neuter dative expression.
55	πᾶσιν	πᾶς	ADJ	A-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	53 ἀπαράσκευοι	obl	medium	Dative of respect: unprepared in all respects.
56	ὁμοίως	ὁμοίως	ADV	ADV	_	57 ὄντες	advmod	high
57	ὄντες	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	52 ἀπεγίνωσκον	advcl	high	Concessive/circumstantial participle, with implicit subject ‘they’.
58	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	34 ἐπιπίπτει	punct	high

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