Grammar parses for passage 4.7.7
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τότε μὲν ἀποχωροῦσιν οἴκαδε, ἐνιαυτῷ δὲ ὕστερον κακιζόντων σφᾶς τῶν γεγηρακότων καὶ δειλίαν τε ὁμοῦ προφερόντων καὶ τοῦ ὅρκου τὴν ὑπεροψίαν, οὕτω δευτέραν ἐκ τοῦ προφανοῦς ἐπὶ Μεσσηνίους στρατείαν ἐποιοῦντο.
Main finite verb ἐποιοῦντο governs στρατείαν; the preceding κακιζόντων... προφερόντων is a genitive absolute, with σφᾶς as their accusative object. ἐνιαυτῷ ὕστερον is a dative temporal phrase; προφανοῦς is substantivized and modifies the understood route/source sense with ἐκ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἀποχωροῦσιν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 33 ἐποιοῦντο | parataxis | high | Historical present. |
| 5 | οἴκαδε | οἴκαδε | ADV | ADV | AdvType=Loc | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | advmod | high | Directional adverb. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀποχωροῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἐνιαυτῷ | ἐνιαυτός | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὕστερον | obl:tmod | high | |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 ἐποιοῦντο | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 33 ἐποιοῦντο | advmod | high | With ἐνιαυτῷ: one year later. |
| 10 | κακιζόντων | κακίζω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 προφερόντων | conj | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 11 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 κακιζόντων | obj | high | |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 γεγηρακότων | det | high | |
| 13 | γεγηρακότων | γηράσκω | VERB | V-RAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 10 κακιζόντων | nsubj | high | Substantivized; genitive absolute subject. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 δειλίαν | cc | high | |
| 15 | δειλίαν | δειλία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 προφερόντων | obj | high | |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 δειλίαν | cc | high | |
| 17 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 18 προφερόντων | advmod | high | |
| 18 | προφερόντων | προφέρω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 κακιζόντων | conj | high | Genitive absolute participle coordinated with κακιζόντων. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 ὑπεροψίαν | cc | high | |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GMS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ὅρκου | det | high | |
| 21 | ὅρκου | ὅρκος | NOUN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ὑπεροψίαν | nmod | high | |
| 22 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFS | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ὑπεροψίαν | det | high | |
| 23 | ὑπεροψίαν | ὑπεροψία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 προφερόντων | obj | high | Object of προφερόντων; contempt/disregard of the oath. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 προφερόντων | punct | high | |
| 25 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 33 ἐποιοῦντο | advmod | high | |
| 26 | δευτέραν | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-AFS | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 στρατείαν | amod | high | |
| 27 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 προφανοῦς | case | high | |
| 28 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GNS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 προφανοῦς | det | high | |
| 29 | προφανοῦς | προφανής | ADJ | A-GNS | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 στρατείαν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter; exact elliptical reference is uncertain. |
| 30 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 31 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | |
| 31 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 στρατείαν | obl | high | Ethnic proper name. |
| 32 | στρατείαν | στρατεία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 ἐποιοῦντο | obj | high | |
| 33 | ἐποιοῦντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle: undertook/made an expedition. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἐποιοῦντο | punct | high |
ἡγοῦντο δὲ οἱ βασιλεῖς ἀμφότεροι, Θεόπομπός τε ὁ Νικάνδρου καὶ Πολύδωρος ὁ Ἀλκαμένους· Ἀλκαμένης δὲ οὐκέτι περιῆν.
Two coordinated finite clauses: ἡγοῦντο has coordinated subjects Θεόπομπος and Πολύδωρος, each with a patronymic genitive; Ἀλκαμένης is the subject of περιῆν. The exact parsing of the historical present/imperfect form ἡγοῦντο is treated as imperfect middle/passive, likely deponent in sense.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡγοῦντο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-3IAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle/passive, deponent in sense: ‘were leading/ruling’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 ἡγοῦντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 βασιλεῖς | det | high | |
| 4 | βασιλεῖς | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἡγοῦντο | nsubj | high | Shared plural subject for the coordinated rulers named in apposition. |
| 5 | ἀμφότεροι | ἀμφότερος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 βασιλεῖς | appos | high | Predicative/appositional adjective agreeing with βασιλεῖς. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 1 ἡγοῦντο | punct | high | |
| 7 | Θεόπομπός | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἡγοῦντο | nsubj | high | First coordinated named subject; τε coordinates it with Πολύδωρος. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 Πολύδωρος | cc | high | First member of τε ... καὶ coordination. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Νικάνδρου | det | high | |
| 10 | Νικάνδρου | Νίκανδρος | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Θεόπομπός | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying Θεόπομπος. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 Πολύδωρος | cc | high | Coordinates Θεόπομπος and Πολύδωρος. |
| 12 | Πολύδωρος | Πολύδωρος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Θεόπομπός | conj | high | Second coordinated named subject. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀλκαμένους | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀλκαμένους | Ἀλκαμένης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Πολύδωρος | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive modifying Πολύδωρος; form is genitive singular of the third-declension name. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 1 ἡγοῦντο | punct | high | Sentence boundary punctuation. |
| 16 | Ἀλκαμένης | Ἀλκαμένης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 περιῆν | nsubj | high | Subject of περιῆν; refers to the separately mentioned Alcamenes. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 19 περιῆν | cc | high | Connective particle introducing the second clause. |
| 18 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 περιῆν | advmod | high | Negative temporal adverb: ‘no longer’. |
| 19 | περιῆν | πάρεἰμι | VERB | V-3IAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative, ‘was present/remained’; analysis as a second coordinated clause, though punctuation separates it. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | -------- | _ | 19 περιῆν | punct | high |
ἀντεστρατοπεδεύοντο δὲ καὶ οἱ Μεσσήνιοι καὶ πειρωμένων μάχης τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν ἄρχειν ἀντεπεξῄεσαν.
The sentence has a coordinated imperfect main verb (ἀντεστρατοπεδεύοντο) and aorist main verb (ἀντεπεξῄεσαν); πειρωμένων ... τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν is a genitive absolute, with ἄρχειν governing μάχης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀντεστρατοπεδεύοντο | ἀντιστρατοπεδεύω | VERB | I-/3pl/impf/ind/mp | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀντεπεξῄεσαν | conj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἀντεπεξῄεσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Μεσσήνιοι | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-----NPM- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀντεπεξῄεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 πειρωμένων | cc | high | |
| 7 | πειρωμένων | πειράω | VERB | V-PMPG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀντεπεξῄεσαν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with τῶν Σπαρτιατῶν; καὶ coordinates the participial circumstance. |
| 8 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἄρχειν | obj | medium | Genitive dependent on ἄρχειν in the sense 'begin/initiate battle'. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Σπαρτιατῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | Σπαρτιατῶν | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πειρωμένων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 11 | ἄρχειν | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 πειρωμένων | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with πειρωμένων. |
| 12 | ἀντεπεξῄεσαν | ἀντεπεξέρχομαι | VERB | V-3PAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Lemma and voice are somewhat lexically uncertain because the form is aorist active of the compound. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἀντεπεξῄεσαν | punct | high |