Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.7.8

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Passage 4.7.8

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

79Greek tokens

1,894input tokens

5,472output tokens

Sentence 1

4.7.8 sentence 1

Tokens: 48
Input: 1,031
Output: 3,281
Total: 4,312

Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἡγεῖτο Πολύδωρος μὲν κατὰ τὸ κέρας τὸ ἀριστερόν, Θεόπομπος δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ δεξιῷ, τὸ μέσον δὲ εἶχεν Εὐρυλέων, τὰ μὲν παρόντα Λακεδαιμόνιος, τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς δὲ ἀπὸ Κάδμου καὶ ἐκ Θηβῶν, Αἰγέως τοῦ Οἰολύκου τοῦ Θήρα τοῦ Αὐτεσίωνος ἀπόγονος πέμπτος.

ἡγεῖτο is construed with the dative Λακεδαιμονίοις and coordinated commanders; the final genealogy is an appositional/epexegetic verbless continuation identifying Εὐρυλέων as fifth descendant of Αὐτεσίωνος, with τὰ παρόντα/τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς adverbial accusatives.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἡγεῖτο	iobj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	3 ἡγεῖτο	cc	high
3	ἡγεῖτο	ἡγέομαι	VERB	V3IIMI-S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high	Middle ἡγεῖτο means ‘was leading/commanding’.
4	Πολύδωρος	Πολύδωρος	PROPN	N--NSM----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἡγεῖτο	nsubj	high
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	4 Πολύδωρος	discourse	high
6	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	8 κέρας	case	high
7	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NSA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 κέρας	det	high
8	κέρας	κέρας	NOUN	N--NSA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 Πολύδωρος	obl	high	κατὰ τὸ κέρας denotes position in the wing.
9	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NSA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἀριστερόν	det	high
10	ἀριστερόν	ἀριστερός	ADJ	A--NSA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 κέρας	amod	high	Substantivized adjective modifying κέρας.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 Πολύδωρος	punct	high
12	Θεόπομπος	Θεόπομπος	PROPN	N--NSM----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἡγεῖτο	nsubj	high	Coordinated with Πολύδωρος.
13	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	12 Θεόπομπος	cc	high
14	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	16 δεξιῷ	case	high	Here with dative, indicating position.
15	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L--DSM----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 δεξιῷ	det	high
16	δεξιῷ	δεξιός	ADJ	A--DSM----	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 Θεόπομπος	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the right [wing/side]’.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 Θεόπομπος	punct	high
18	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NSA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 μέσον	det	high
19	μέσον	μέσος	ADJ	A--NSA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 εἶχεν	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the center’.
20	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	21 εἶχεν	cc	high
21	εἶχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V3IIAI-S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	3 ἡγεῖτο	conj	high	Coordinated predicate: ‘held the center’.
22	Εὐρυλέων	Εὐρυλέων	PROPN	N--NSM----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 εἶχεν	nsubj	high
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 εἶχεν	punct	high
24	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L--NPA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	26 παρόντα	det	high
25	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	26 παρόντα	discourse	high	Pairs contrastively with δὲ at token 32.
26	παρόντα	πάρειμι	VERB	V--PAPNPA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	27 Λακεδαιμόνιος	obl	medium	Substantivized participle; accusative of respect/time, ‘as regards the present circumstances’.
27	Λακεδαιμόνιος	Λακεδαιμόνιος	ADJ	A--NSM----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 εἶχεν	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective in an elliptical genealogical assertion about Εὐρυλέων.
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	27 Λακεδαιμόνιος	punct	high
29	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L--NPA----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	31 ἀρχῆς	det	high
30	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	31 ἀρχῆς	case	high
31	ἀρχῆς	ἀρχή	NOUN	N--GSF----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 τὰ	nmod	high	τὰ ἐξ ἀρχῆς means ‘the lineage/origin from the beginning’; ellipsis is present.
32	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	31 ἀρχῆς	cc	high
33	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	R--------	_	34 Κάδμου	case	high
34	Κάδμου	Κάδμος	PROPN	N--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 ἀρχῆς	nmod	high
35	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	34 Κάδμου	cc	high	Coordinates the two origin phrases.
36	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	37 Θηβῶν	case	high
37	Θηβῶν	Θῆβαι	PROPN	N--GPF----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	34 Κάδμου	conj	high	Coordinated source/origin with Κάδμου.
38	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 ἀρχῆς	punct	high
39	Αἰγέως	Αἰγεύς	PROPN	N--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	46 ἀπόγονος	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitive chain.
40	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 Οἰολύκου	det	high
41	Οἰολύκου	Οἰόλυκος	PROPN	N--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	39 Αἰγέως	appos	high	Appositional genealogical name.
42	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	43 Θήρα	det	high
43	Θήρα	Θήρας	PROPN	N--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 Οἰολύκου	appos	high	Genitive form is homographic with nominative; genealogical apposition.
44	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	45 Αὐτεσίωνος	det	high
45	Αὐτεσίωνος	Αὐτεσίων	PROPN	N--GSM----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	43 Θήρα	appos	high	Final ancestor in the genitive genealogy.
46	ἀπόγονος	ἀπόγονος	NOUN	N--NSM----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 εἶχεν	appos	high	Appositional predicate identifying Εὐρυλέων.
47	πέμπτος	πέμπτος	ADJ	A--NSM----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	46 ἀπόγονος	amod	high	Ordinal predicate modifier: ‘fifth’.
48	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἡγεῖτο	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.7.8 sentence 2

Tokens: 31
Input: 863
Output: 2,191
Total: 3,054

τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις κατὰ μὲν τὸ δεξιὸν τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἀντετάσσοντο Ἄντανδρός τε καὶ Εὐφαής, τὸ δὲ ἕτερον κέρας τὸ κατὰ τὸν Πολύδωρον Πυθάρατος εἶχε, Κλέοννις δὲ τὸ μέσον.

The sentence coordinates two clauses: Μεσσηνίοις is the dative addressee/possessor of ἀντετάσσοντο, while τὸ ... κέρας is the object of εἶχε and Κλέοννις supplies its subject by later ellipsis of εἶχε. The repeated κατά phrases are attributive/positional modifiers; person names are nominative subjects or coordinated subjects.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	R-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 Μεσσηνίοις	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G-	_	10 ἀντετάσσοντο	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Μεσσηνίοις	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἀντετάσσοντο	iobj	high	Dative with ἀντετάσσοντο, indicating the side/people for whom the arrangement is stated.
4	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	7 δεξιὸν	case	high
5	μὲν	μέν	PART	G-	_	10 ἀντετάσσοντο	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with later δέ.
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	R-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 δεξιὸν	det	high
7	δεξιὸν	δεξιός	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἀντετάσσοντο	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the right [wing/side]’, governed by κατά.
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	R-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 Λακεδαιμονίων	det	high
9	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 δεξιὸν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on the substantivized δεξιόν.
10	ἀντετάσσοντο	ἀντιτάσσω	VERB	V-IMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	The plural subject is the coordinated pair Ἄντανδρός τε καὶ Εὐφαής.
11	Ἄντανδρός	Ἄντανδρος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἀντετάσσοντο	nsubj	high
12	τε	τε	CCONJ	G-	_	11 Ἄντανδρός	cc	high	Coordinates the two personal names.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	G-	_	14 Εὐφαής	cc	high
14	Εὐφαής	Εὐφαής	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 Ἄντανδρός	conj	high
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἀντετάσσοντο	punct	high
16	τὸ	ὁ	DET	R-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 κέρας	det	high
17	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G-	_	25 εἶχε	cc	high	Connects the second coordinated clause.
18	ἕτερον	ἕτερος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 κέρας	amod	high	‘The other’ modifies κέρας.
19	κέρας	κέρας	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 εἶχε	obj	high
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	R-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 Πολύδωρον	det	high	Article within the attributive κατά phrase.
21	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	23 Πολύδωρον	case	high
22	τὸν	ὁ	DET	R-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 Πολύδωρον	det	high
23	Πολύδωρον	Πολύδωρος	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 κέρας	nmod	high	Object of κατά, identifying the wing by its position relative to Polydorus.
24	Πυθάρατος	Πυθάρατος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 εἶχε	nsubj	high
25	εἶχε	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second finite predicate; punctuation separates it from the first clause.
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 εἶχε	punct	high
27	Κλέοννις	Κλέοννις	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 μέσον	nsubj	medium	Subject of an elided εἶχε in the final member.
28	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G-	_	30 μέσον	cc	high	Coordinates the final member with the preceding clause.
29	τὸ	ὁ	DET	R-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	30 μέσον	det	high
30	μέσον	μέσος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 εἶχε	conj	medium	Substantivized adjective, object of elided εἶχε; attached coordinately to the preceding predicate.
31	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	25 εἶχε	punct	high

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