Grammar parses for passage 4.8.11
Open translation for this passage
καὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἅμα εἶργε μὴ πρόσω τοῖς ἀποχωροῦσιν ἐπακολουθεῖν οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ ἡ ἀπειρία τῶν τόπων.
The coordinated subject ἡ ἀπειρία τῶν τόπων governs εἶργε; τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους is the object of εἶργε, with ἐπακολουθεῖν as a complementary infinitive. μὴ πρόσω is an infinitival complement expressing that they should not pursue farther; τοῖς ἀποχωροῦσιν is dative with ἐπακολουθεῖν. The exact scope of ἅμα is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀπειρία | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | |
| 3 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 εἶργε | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 εἶργε | advmod | medium | Adverbial; scope may be temporal or modal. |
| 5 | εἶργε | ἔργω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 15 ἀπειρία | conj | high | Imperfect of ἔργω, ‘restrain/prevent’. |
| 6 | μὴ | μή | PART | Q- | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἐπακολουθεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ἐπακολουθεῖν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐπακολουθεῖν. |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀποχωροῦσιν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀποχωροῦσιν | ἀποχωρέω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπακολουθεῖν | obl | high | Substantivized present participle. |
| 10 | ἐπακολουθεῖν | ἐπακολουθέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 εἶργε | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D- | Polarity=Neg | 12 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 5 εἶργε | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, ‘not least’. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἀπειρία | cc | high | Coordinates the additional causal subject phrase. |
| 14 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀπειρία | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀπειρία | ἀπειρία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of εἶργε; postposed relative to the verb. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 τόπων | det | high | |
| 17 | τόπων | τόπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἀπειρία | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀπειρία. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἀπειρία | punct | high |
ἦν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ ἄλλως πάτριον σχολαιοτέρας τὰς διώξεις ποιεῖσθαι, μὴ διαλῦσαι τὴν τάξιν πλείονα ἔχοντας πρόνοιαν ἤ τινα ἀποκτεῖναι φεύγοντα.
ἦν is an impersonal/copular construction with πάτριον as predicative adjective and the articular infinitive τὰς διώξεις ποιεῖσθαι as its extraposed subject; σχολαιοτέρας is a predicative complement of the object διώξεις. The final participial phrase expresses the Spartans’ greater concern not to break formation than to kill a fleeing enemy; ἤ coordinates the two infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 6 πάτριον | cop | high | Copula with πάτριον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DMD3P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 6 πάτριον | obl | high | Dative of possession/association. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἄλλως | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also’. |
| 5 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 πάτριον | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the predication. |
| 6 | πάτριον | πάτριος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Neuter predicative adjective; the infinitival clause functions as subject. |
| 7 | σχολαιοτέρας | σχολαιότερος | ADJ | A-APF-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 διώξεις | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of διώξεις with ποιεῖσθαι. |
| 8 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 διώξεις | det | high | Article substantively marking the infinitival phrase’s object. |
| 9 | διώξεις | δίωξις | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ποιεῖσθαι | obj | high | Object of ποιεῖσθαι. |
| 10 | ποιεῖσθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-PNM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 πάτριον | csubj | high | Articular infinitival subject of πάτριον/ἦν. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ποιεῖσθαι | punct | high | |
| 12 | μὴ | μή | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 13 διαλῦσαι | advmod | high | Infinitival negator. |
| 13 | διαλῦσαι | διαλύω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 πρόνοιαν | acl | medium | First infinitive in the coordinated comparison; syntactically dependent within the concern phrase. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 τάξιν | det | high | |
| 15 | τάξιν | τάξις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 διαλῦσαι | obj | high | Object of διαλῦσαι. |
| 16 | πλείονα | πλείων | ADJ | A-ASM-C | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 πρόνοιαν | amod | medium | Comparative modifying πρόνοιαν, with masculine form agreeing with an implied masculine referent or attracted agreement; text is syntactically compressed. |
| 17 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 πρόνοιαν | acl | medium | Present participle, probably agreeing with the implied agents αὐτοῖς; accusative form is difficult and may reflect an understood accusative subject/object relation. |
| 18 | πρόνοιαν | πρόνοια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ποιεῖσθαι | obj | medium | Object of ἔχοντας; governs the infinitival comparison phrase. |
| 19 | ἤ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἀποκτεῖναι | cc | high | Coordinates the two infinitives. |
| 20 | τινα | τις | PRON | PX-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 21 ἀποκτεῖναι | obj | high | Indefinite object, ‘someone’. |
| 21 | ἀποκτεῖναι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 πρόνοιαν | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 22 | φεύγοντα | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 τινα | acl | high | Participial modifier of τινα, ‘someone fleeing’. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 πάτριον | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ μέσα ἀμφοτέροις, ᾗ Λακεδαιμονίων ὁ Εὐρυλέων, Μεσσηνίοις δὲ Κλέοννις ἡγεῖτο, ἰσοπαλῶς μὲν ἠγωνίζοντο, διέλυσε δὲ ἀπʼ ἀλλήλων καὶ τούτους ἐπελθοῦσα ἡ νύξ.
The sentence has a compressed coordination: τὰ μέσα is the subject of ἠγωνίζοντο, while ἡ νύξ is the subject of διέλυσε and ἐπελθοῦσα; ᾗ introduces the relative clause identifying the opposing commanders. The analysis of ἀμφοτέροις as a dative complement of μέσα is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 μέσα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | cc | high | Continuative/adversative particle. |
| 3 | μέσα | μέσος | ADJ | A--NNP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural: 'the forces in the middle'. |
| 4 | ἀμφοτέροις | ἀμφότερος | PRON | P----DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Ind | 3 μέσα | iobj | medium | Dative associated with μέσα, likely 'for/belonging to both sides'; exact construction is compressed. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 6 | ᾗ | ὅς | PRON | P----DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 14 ἡγεῖτο | advmod | medium | Relative adverbial pronoun, probably locative/instrumental: 'whereby/in the case in which'; antecedent is implicit situation. |
| 7 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | NOUN | N----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Εὐρυλέων | nmod | high | Genitive of affiliation. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Εὐρυλέων | det | high | |
| 9 | Εὐρυλέων | Εὐρυλέων | PROPN | Ne----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγεῖτο | nsubj | high | Commander named as subject of ἡγεῖτο. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἡγεῖτο | punct | high | |
| 11 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | N----DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Κλέοννις | iobj | high | Dative of association with Κλέοννις. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Κλέοννις | cc | high | |
| 13 | Κλέοννις | Κλέοννις | PROPN | Ne----NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἡγεῖτο | nsubj | high | Commander named as second subject of ἡγεῖτο. |
| 14 | ἡγεῖτο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V3S-IIM- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | advcl | medium | Parenthetical relative-clause predicate; singular verb with coordinated/paired commanders is idiomatic or compressed. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἰσοπαλῶς | ἰσοπαλῶς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | advmod | high | |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 18 | ἠγωνίζοντο | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V3P-IIM- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 20 | διέλυσε | διαλύω | VERB | V3S-AAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἠγωνίζοντο; singular subject follows. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 διέλυσε | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 ἀλλήλων | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό. |
| 23 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 20 διέλυσε | obl | high | Source/separation complement of διέλυσε. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 τούτους | cc | high | |
| 25 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | P---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 20 διέλυσε | obj | high | Object of διέλυσε: 'these [forces]'. |
| 26 | ἐπελθοῦσα | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V--SAPNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 νύξ | acl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ἡ νύξ. |
| 27 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 νύξ | det | high | |
| 28 | νύξ | νύξ | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 διέλυσε | nsubj | high | Subject of διέλυσε; ἐπελθοῦσα agrees with it. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἠγωνίζοντο | punct | high |