Grammar parses for passage 4.8.12
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ὀλίγοι τε ἦσαν καὶ οὐδὲν ὥστε καὶ μνημονευθῆναι διεπράξαντο· οὐ γάρ τοι ἀγαθοὶ τότε ἱππεύειν ἦσαν οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι.
The first clause has οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων as a substantivized group, with ὀλίγοι and ἦσαν coordinated with διεπράξαντο; οὐδὲν ὥστε καὶ μνημονευθῆναι is an idiomatic result construction. In the second clause, ἀγαθοὶ ἱππεύειν is a predicate adjective with complementary infinitive; οἱ Πελοποννήσιοι is the delayed subject of ἦσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ὀλίγοι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 14 διεπράξαντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἵππων | case | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P---GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 5 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὀλίγοι | nmod | high | Object of ἐπί in the sense ‘on horseback’. |
| 6 | ὀλίγοι | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A--NMP- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, modified by οἱ ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 8 ἦσαν | cc | high | Coordinates ὀλίγοι with the following clause. |
| 8 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 διεπράξαντο | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate with διεπράξαντο. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 διεπράξαντο | cc | high | |
| 10 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | P-SNAN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 14 διεπράξαντο | obj | medium | Accusative of result/extent, ‘nothing’. |
| 11 | ὥστε | ὥστε | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 13 μνημονευθῆναι | mark | high | Introduces a result clause with infinitive. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 μνημονευθῆναι | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘even/also’. |
| 13 | μνημονευθῆναι | μνημονεύω | VERB | V--ANP---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 οὐδὲν | acl | medium | Aorist passive infinitive in the ὥστε result construction; implicit subject is the cavalrymen. |
| 14 | διεπράξαντο | διαπράσσω | VERB | V3PAMI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 διεπράξαντο | punct | high | |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | _ | 19 ἀγαθοὶ | advmod | high | |
| 17 | γάρ | γάρ | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 22 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 18 | τοι | τοι | PART | T-------- | _ | 19 ἀγαθοὶ | discourse | medium | Emphatic particle. |
| 19 | ἀγαθοὶ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A--NMP- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί and complementary infinitive. |
| 20 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 22 ἦσαν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἱππεύειν | ἱππεύω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἀγαθοὶ | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἀγαθοί. |
| 22 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 διεπράξαντο | parataxis | high | Finite verb of the explanatory second clause. |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 Πελοποννήσιοι | det | high | |
| 24 | Πελοποννήσιοι | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | A--NMP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἦσαν | punct | high |
τῶν δὲ Μεσσηνίων οἱ ψιλοὶ καὶ οἱ παρὰ Λακεδαιμονίοις Κρῆτες οὐδὲ συνέμιξαν ἀρχήν· τῷ γὰρ πεζῷ τῷ σφετέρῳ κατὰ τρόπον ἔτι ἑκάτεροι τὸν ἀρχαῖον ἐπετάχθησαν.
The first clause has coordinated subjects: the Messenian light-armed troops and the Cretan troops stationed among the Lacedaemonians; ἀρχήν is an adverbial accusative ('at all'). In the second clause, τῷ ... πεζῷ is dative of respect/association, with τῷ σφετέρῳ agreeing adjectivally; ἑκάτεροι is the subject of ἐπετάχθησαν, and τὸν ἀρχαῖον modifies τρόπον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 συνέμιξαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ψιλοὶ | nmod | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ψιλοὶ | det | high | |
| 5 | ψιλοὶ | ψιλός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 συνέμιξαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 Κρῆτες | cc | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Κρῆτες | det | high | |
| 8 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 9 Λακεδαιμονίοις | case | high | |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Κρῆτες | nmod | high | Dative complement of παρά in the sense 'among/with'. |
| 10 | Κρῆτες | Κρής | NOUN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 συνέμιξαν | conj | high | Coordinated subject with ψιλοί. |
| 11 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 συνέμιξαν | cc | high | Negative additive conjunction. |
| 12 | συνέμιξαν | συμμείγνυμι | VERB | V-3AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is συνέμιξαν; lemma normalized to συμμείγνυμι. |
| 13 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 συνέμιξαν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'at all/from the beginning'. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 συνέμιξαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πεζῷ | det | high | |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἐπετάχθησαν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 17 | πεζῷ | πεζός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπετάχθησαν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, 'the infantry'; dative of respect/association. |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 σφετέρῳ | det | high | |
| 19 | σφετέρῳ | σφέτερος | DET | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Poss=Yes|Reflex=Yes | 17 πεζῷ | amod | medium | Possessive adjective used attributively; reflexive/person reference is context-dependent. |
| 20 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 21 τρόπον | case | high | |
| 21 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐπετάχθησαν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase, 'in the manner'. |
| 22 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 26 ἐπετάχθησαν | advmod | high | 'Still/yet'. |
| 23 | ἑκάτεροι | ἑκάτερος | PRON | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐπετάχθησαν | nsubj | high | Substantival distributive pronoun. |
| 24 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 25 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 τρόπον | amod | high | |
| 26 | ἐπετάχθησαν | ἐπιτάσσω | VERB | V-3API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 12 συνέμιξαν | parataxis | high | Second coordinated/main clause after the punctuation. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐπετάχθησαν | punct | high |