Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.8.2

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Passage 4.8.2

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2sentences parsed

66Greek tokens

1,803input tokens

4,773output tokens

Sentence 1

4.8.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 18
Input: 736
Output: 1,333
Total: 2,069

ὡς δὲ πλησίον ἐγίνοντο, ἀπειλαῖς ἐχρῶντο τῶν τε ὅπλων τῇ κινήσει καὶ ἐνορῶντες ἐς ἀλλήλους δεινόν·

Temporal ὡς-clause: as they came near, they used threats by movement of weapons and by glaring fiercely at one another; δεινόν is an adverbial accusative modifying ἐνορῶντες.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Rel	4 ἐγίνοντο	mark	high	Temporal subordinator.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 ἐχρῶντο	cc	high	Coordinating connective.
3	πλησίον	πλησίον	ADV	ADV	_	4 ἐγίνοντο	advmod	high	Adverb, ‘near’.
4	ἐγίνοντο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V3IIMI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Middle	7 ἐχρῶντο	advcl	high	Imperfect middle, temporal subordinate verb.
5	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	4 ἐγίνοντο	punct	high
6	ἀπειλαῖς	ἀπειλή	NOUN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	7 ἐχρῶντο	obl	high	Dative of means.
7	ἐχρῶντο	χράομαι	VERB	V3IIIMI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb, taking a dative complement.
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ὅπλων	det	high
9	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 κινήσει	cc	high	First member of τε...καί coordination.
10	ὅπλων	ὅπλον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 κινήσει	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on κινήσει.
11	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 κινήσει	det	high
12	κινήσει	κίνησις	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἀπειλαῖς	conj	high	Second means-dative coordinated with ἐνορῶντες phrase; τε links the coordinated means.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἐνορῶντες	cc	high	Coordinates the participial means phrase.
14	ἐνορῶντες	ἐνοράω	VERB	VPAPMPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	7 ἐχρῶντο	advcl	high	Present active nominative participle, sharing the main-clause subject.
15	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	16 ἀλλήλους	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
16	ἀλλήλους	ἀλλήλων	PRON	P-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rcp	14 ἐνορῶντες	obl	high	Reciprocal object of ἐνορῶντες with εἰς.
17	δεινόν	δεινός	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 ἐνορῶντες	advmod	medium	Adverbial accusative, ‘fiercely/terribly’; formally neuter singular accusative.
18	·	·	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	7 ἐχρῶντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.8.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 48
Input: 1,067
Output: 3,440
Total: 4,507

ἔς τε λοιδορίας προήγοντο οἱ μὲν οἰκέτας αὑτῶν ἤδη τοὺς Μεσσηνίους καὶ οὐδὲν ἐλευθερωτέρους ἀποκαλοῦντες τῶν εἱλώτων, οἱ δὲ ἐκείνους τῷ τε ἐγχειρήματι ἀνοσίους, ἐπεὶ πλεονεξίας ἕνεκα ἐπὶ ἄνδρας συγγενεῖς ἐπίασι, καὶ θεῶν ἀσεβεῖς ὅσοι Δωριεῦσι πατρῷοι, τῶν τε ἄλλων καὶ μάλιστα Ἡρακλέους.

The sentence has coordinated participial clauses under προήγοντο: the first names the Messenians as household slaves and no freer than helots; the second supplies reciprocal abuse, with ἐπεὶ introducing the grounds for calling them impious. ὅσοι is a relative quantifier modifying θεῶν, while πατρῷοι agrees with θεῶν by attraction/semantic predication.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔς	εἰς	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	4 προήγοντο	case	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	4 προήγοντο	cc	high	Correlative/coordinating particle.
3	λοιδορίας	λοιδορία	NOUN	N-GF-S	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 προήγοντο	obl	high	Genitive of movement into/engagement in abuse.
4	προήγοντο	προάγω	VERB	V3I-S3I	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
5	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἀποκαλοῦντες	det	high	Article substantivizing the first participial group.
6	μὲν	μέν	PART	C	_	15 ἀποκαλοῦντες	discourse	high	First member of μέν...δέ.
7	οἰκέτας	οἰκέτης	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἀποκαλοῦντες	obj	high	Predicative object with ἀποκαλοῦντες.
8	αὑτῶν	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	7 οἰκέτας	nmod:poss	high
9	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	D	_	15 ἀποκαλοῦντες	advmod	high
10	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 Μεσσηνίους	det	high
11	Μεσσηνίους	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἀποκαλοῦντες	obj	high	Accusative subject/object of the naming construction; appositional with οἰκέτας.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	14 ἐλευθερωτέρους	cc	high
13	οὐδὲν	οὐδείς	PRON	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	14 ἐλευθερωτέρους	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative, 'not at all'.
14	ἐλευθερωτέρους	ἐλεύθερος	ADJ	A-APM-C	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἀποκαλοῦντες	obj	high	Second predicative object with ἀποκαλοῦντες.
15	ἀποκαλοῦντες	ἀποκαλέω	VERB	V-PPP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	4 προήγοντο	advcl	high
16	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 εἱλώτων	det	high
17	εἱλώτων	εἵλωτης	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἐλευθερωτέρους	obl	high	Genitive of comparison after comparative adjective.
18	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	15 ἀποκαλοῦντες	punct	high
19	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ἀνοσίους	det	high	Article substantivizing the second participial group.
20	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	25 ἀνοσίους	cc	high	Second member of μέν...δέ.
21	ἐκείνους	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	P-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	25 ἀνοσίους	obj	high	Accusative object of the naming/abusing participle, referring to the first group.
22	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 ἐγχειρήματι	det	high
23	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	25 ἀνοσίους	cc	high	First item in τε...καί coordination.
24	ἐγχειρήματι	ἐγχείρημα	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 ἀνοσίους	obl	high	Dative of respect/cause: impious in the undertaking.
25	ἀνοσίους	ἀνόσιος	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 προήγοντο	advcl	high	Predicative accusative with omitted/elliptical naming verb; coordinated with the first participial clause.
26	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	25 ἀνοσίους	punct	high
27	ἐπεὶ	ἐπεί	SCONJ	C	_	33 ἐπίασι	mark	high	Introduces causal clause.
28	πλεονεξίας	πλεονεξία	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἕνεκα	nmod	high	Genitive governed by ἕνεκα.
29	ἕνεκα	ἕνεκα	ADP	P	AdpType=Post	33 ἐπίασι	case	high	Postposition.
30	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	31 ἄνδρας	case	high	With accusative, directional/hostile motion against.
31	ἄνδρας	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	33 ἐπίασι	obl	high
32	συγγενεῖς	συγγενής	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ἄνδρας	amod	high
33	ἐπίασι	ἔπειμι	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	25 ἀνοσίους	advcl	medium	Form is ambiguous in isolation; understood here as ἐπίασι(ν), 'they attack/advance against'.
34	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	33 ἐπίασι	punct	high
35	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	37 ἀσεβεῖς	cc	high
36	θεῶν	θεός	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	37 ἀσεβεῖς	obl	high	Genitive with ἀσεβεῖς, 'impious toward the gods'.
37	ἀσεβεῖς	ἀσεβής	ADJ	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ἀνοσίους	conj	high	Further predicative accusative coordinated with ἀνοσίους.
38	ὅσοι	ὅσος	PRON	P-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	39 Δωριεῦσι	nmod	medium	Relative quantifier, substantivally 'all those gods'; case is attracted/irregular relative to θεῶν.
39	Δωριεῦσι	Δωριεύς	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 πατρῷοι	obl	medium	Dative of relation/possession with πατρῷοι.
40	πατρῷοι	πατρῷος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	38 ὅσοι	acl:relcl	medium	Predicate/adjectival head of the relative expression; agreement and attachment are syntactically compressed.
41	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	37 ἀσεβεῖς	punct	high
42	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	44 ἄλλων	det	high
43	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	44 ἄλλων	cc	high	First member of τῶν τε ἄλλων καὶ μάλιστα...
44	ἄλλων	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	37 ἀσεβεῖς	obl	high	Partitive/elliptical genitive: among the other gods.
45	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	47 Ἡρακλέους	cc	high
46	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D-S	Degree=Sup	47 Ἡρακλέους	advmod	high
47	Ἡρακλέους	Ἡρακλῆς	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	44 ἄλλων	conj	high	Genitive coordinated with ἄλλων, with ellipsis of θεῶν.
48	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	4 προήγοντο	punct	high

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