Grammar parses for passage 4.8.4
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ὁπόσα μὲν πάσχοιεν, ἀναγκαῖα μᾶλλον τοῖς πατρίδα σεμνύνουσιν ἢ δεινὰ ἐνόμιζον, ἃ δὲ ἔδρων, αὐτοί τε ἡγοῦντο εἰργάσθαι μειζόνως καὶ τοῖς Λακεδαιμονίοις συμβαίνειν χαλεπώτερα.
The sentence contrasts what they suffered (judged necessary rather than terrible by patriots) with what they did, which they considered more grandly accomplished and more grievous for the Lacedaemonians; the infinitives εἰργάσθαι and συμβαίνειν are coordinated complements of ἡγοῦντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐνόμιζον | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 4 πάσχοιεν | obj | medium | Free relative introducing the first μέν-clause; neuter plural substantive. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἐνόμιζον | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πάσχοιεν | πάσχω | VERB | V-3PAO | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐνόμιζον | advcl | high | Optative in indirect/discoursive relative clause. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πάσχοιεν | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἀναγκαῖα | ἀναγκαῖος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐνόμιζον | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ἐνόμιζον, coordinated in the comparative judgment. |
| 7 | μᾶλλον | μᾶλλον | ADV | _ | Degree=Cmp | 6 ἀναγκαῖα | advmod | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 σεμνύνουσιν | det | high | |
| 9 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 σεμνύνουσιν | obj | high | |
| 10 | σεμνύνουσιν | σεμνύνω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἐνόμιζον | advcl | medium | Substantival dative participle: those who glorify their fatherland. |
| 11 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 δεινὰ | cc | high | |
| 12 | δεινὰ | δεινός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐνόμιζον | xcomp | medium | Second predicate adjective in contrast with ἀναγκαῖα. |
| 13 | ἐνόμιζον | νομίζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐνόμιζον | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 ἔδρων | obj | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἔδρων | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἔδρων | δράω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 21 ἡγοῦντο | advcl | high | Relative clause corresponding to the second δέ-member. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔδρων | punct | high | |
| 19 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 21 ἡγοῦντο | nsubj | high | Emphatic subject of both ἡγοῦντο and συμβαίνειν. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 21 ἡγοῦντο | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἡγοῦντο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 13 ἐνόμιζον | conj | high | |
| 22 | εἰργάσθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-RNM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 21 ἡγοῦντο | xcomp | high | Perfect middle infinitive governed by ἡγοῦντο. |
| 23 | μειζόνως | μεγάλως | ADV | _ | Degree=Cmp | 22 εἰργάσθαι | advmod | medium | Comparative adverb modifying εἰργάσθαι. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 27 συμβαίνειν | cc | high | |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 Λακεδαιμονίοις | det | high | |
| 26 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 συμβαίνειν | iobj | high | |
| 27 | συμβαίνειν | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἡγοῦντο | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive under ἡγοῦντο; dative marks experiencer/affected party. |
| 28 | χαλεπώτερα | χαλεπός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 27 συμβαίνειν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with συμβαίνειν, agreeing with understood neuter plural subject. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐνόμιζον | punct | high |
καὶ οἱ μὲν αὐτῶν προεκπηδῶντες τῆς τάξεως τολμήματα λαμπρὰ ἀπεδείκνυντο, τοῖς δὲ καὶ ἐπικαίρως τετρωμένοις καὶ ἐμπνέουσιν ὀλίγον ὅμως ἡ ἀπόνοια ἤκμαζε.
Two coordinated clauses contrast οἱ μέν with τοῖς δέ. The second dative participial group is construed substantivally; ἐμπνέουσιν is morphologically ambiguous but here coordinated with τετρωμένοις and likely dative plural masculine.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἀπεδείκνυντο | cc | high | |
| 2 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 προεκπηδῶντες | det | high | Substantival article with participle. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 10 ἀπεδείκνυντο | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ. |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 5 προεκπηδῶντες | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive, ‘of them’. |
| 5 | προεκπηδῶντες | προεκπηδάω | VERB | V--PНАM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπεδείκνυντο | advcl | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τάξεως | det | high | |
| 7 | τάξεως | τάξις | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 προεκπηδῶντες | obl | high | Genitive of separation. |
| 8 | τολμήματα | τόλμημα | NOUN | N--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀπεδείκνυντο | obj | high | Accusative is formally identical; object of ἀπεδείκνυντο. |
| 9 | λαμπρὰ | λαμπρός | ADJ | A--NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 τολμήματα | amod | high | Neuter plural agrees with τολμήματα. |
| 10 | ἀπεδείκνυντο | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-IIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Middle, ‘displayed/demonstrated’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπεδείκνυντο | punct | high | |
| 12 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 τετρωμένοις | det | high | Substantival article with participles. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 ἤκμαζε | cc | high | Correlative with μέν. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 τετρωμένοις | cc | high | Coordinates the participles. |
| 15 | ἐπικαίρως | ἐπικαίρως | ADV | _ | _ | 16 τετρωμένοις | advmod | high | |
| 16 | τετρωμένοις | τιτρώσκω | VERB | V-RPP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 23 ἤκμαζε | obl | high | Substantival dative participle. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἐμπνέουσιν | cc | medium | Coordinates with τετρωμένοις. |
| 18 | ἐμπνέουσιν | ἐμπνέω | VERB | V-PA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 τετρωμένοις | conj | low | Form can also be finite 3pl; parsed here as dative plural participle coordinated with τετρωμένοις. |
| 19 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADV | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐμπνέουσιν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, modifying ἐμπνέουσιν: ‘breathing a little’. |
| 20 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | _ | _ | 23 ἤκμαζε | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀπόνοια | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀπόνοια | ἀπόνοια | NOUN | N--NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἤκμαζε | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | ἤκμαζε | ἀκμάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπεδείκνυντο | conj | high | Finite verb of the δέ-clause. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἀπεδείκνυντο | punct | high |