Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.8.5

← 4.8.4 4.8.6 →

Passage 4.8.5

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

69Greek tokens

1,838input tokens

5,040output tokens

Sentence 1

4.8.5 sentence 1

Tokens: 34
Input: 899
Output: 2,466
Total: 3,365

παρακλήσεις τε ἐγίνοντο, καὶ οἱ μὲν ζῶντες καὶ ἔτι ἄτρωτοι τοὺς τραυματίας παρώξυνον, πρὶν ἢ τὴν ἐσχάτην τινὶ ἐφεστηκέναι μοῖραν, ἀντιδράσαντα ὅ τι καὶ δύναιτο σὺν ἡδονῇ δέχεσθαι τὸ πεπρωμένον·

The infinitival construction after πρὶν ἢ is syntactically compressed: τὴν ἐσχάτην μοῖραν is the object of ἐφεστηκέναι, while ἀντιδράσαντα and δέχεσθαι belong to the exhortation's content; ὅ τι is an indefinite relative object of δύναιτο. Some attachment choices are necessarily provisional.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	παρακλήσεις	παράκλησις	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	3 ἐγίνοντο	nsubj	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	1 παρακλήσεις	cc	high
3	ἐγίνοντο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-PII-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
4	,	,	PUNCT	U--------	_	3 ἐγίνοντο	punct	high
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 παρώξυνον	cc	high
6	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ζῶντες	det	high
7	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	8 ζῶντες	discourse	high
8	ζῶντες	ζάω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	14 παρώξυνον	nsubj	high	Substantivized participle: 'the living'.
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 ἄτρωτοι	cc	high
10	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D--------	_	11 ἄτρωτοι	advmod	high
11	ἄτρωτοι	ἄτρωτος	ADJ	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ζῶντες	conj	medium	Coordinated with ζῶντες; adjective is substantivized or predicative.
12	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 τραυματίας	det	high
13	τραυματίας	τραυματίας	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 παρώξυνον	obj	high	Likely 'the wounded'; form is masculine accusative plural.
14	παρώξυνον	παροξύνω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Act	3 ἐγίνοντο	conj	high
15	,	,	PUNCT	U--------	_	14 παρώξυνον	punct	high
16	πρὶν	πρίν	SCONJ	C--------	_	21 ἐφεστηκέναι	mark	medium	Preposition-like temporal subordinator introducing the infinitival clause.
17	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	C--------	_	16 πρὶν	fixed	medium	Part of the fixed sequence πρὶν ἢ.
18	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἐσχάτην	det	high
19	ἐσχάτην	ἔσχατος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 μοῖραν	amod	high
20	τινὶ	τις	PRON	P-DM-S	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ἐφεστηκέναι	iobj	medium	Dative of the person affected/concerned with ἐφεστηκέναι.
21	ἐφεστηκέναι	ἐφίστημι	VERB	V-RAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	14 παρώξυνον	xcomp	medium	Infinitive after πρὶν ἢ; exact semantic attachment within the compressed exhortation is uncertain.
22	μοῖραν	μοῖρα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ἐφεστηκέναι	obj	high
23	,	,	PUNCT	U--------	_	21 ἐφεστηκέναι	punct	high
24	ἀντιδράσαντα	ἀντιδράω	VERB	V-AAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	31 δέχεσθαι	advcl	medium	Accusative participle, likely controlled by an understood accusative subject in the infinitival exhortation.
25	ὅ	ὅς	PRON	P-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 τι	det	low	Together with τι forms indefinite relative ὅ τι; token-level parse is uncertain.
26	τι	τις	PRON	P-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 δύναιτο	obj	medium	Indefinite relative expression ὅ τι, functioning as object of δύναιτο despite orthographic spacing.
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	28 δύναιτο	advmod	medium	Intensive/adverbial καί: 'whatever he might also be able to...'.
28	δύναιτο	δύναμαι	VERB	V-POM-3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	24 ἀντιδράσαντα	ccomp	medium	Optative in an indirect/exhortative construction; understood subject is singular.
29	σὺν	σύν	ADP	R--------	_	30 ἡδονῇ	case	high
30	ἡδονῇ	ἡδονή	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	31 δέχεσθαι	obl	high
31	δέχεσθαι	δέχομαι	VERB	V-PNM	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	28 δύναιτο	xcomp	high
32	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	33 πεπρωμένον	det	high
33	πεπρωμένον	πορῶ	VERB	V-RPP-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	31 δέχεσθαι	obj	medium	Substantivized perfect passive participle: 'what has been allotted/decreed'; lemma and derivation are lexically uncertain.
34	·	·	PUNCT	U--------	_	3 ἐγίνοντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.8.5 sentence 2

Tokens: 35
Input: 939
Output: 2,574
Total: 3,513

οἱ δὲ ὁπότε αἴσθοιντο οἱ τραυματίαι τὴν ἰσχὺν σφᾶς ὑπολείπουσαν καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα οὐ παραμένον, διεκελεύοντο τοῖς ἀτρῶσι μὴ χείρονας ἢ αὐτοὶ γίνεσθαι μηδὲ ἐς ἀνωφελὲς τῇ πατρίδι καὶ τὴν ἐκείνων τελευτὴν καταστῆσαι.

The temporal clause has αἴσθοιντο governing two accusative-and-participial complements; διεκελεύοντο then governs coordinated exhortatory infinitives, with the final καταστῆσαι expressing the feared rendering of their death useless to the fatherland.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-masc-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 τραυματίαι	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	conj	_	17 διεκελεύοντο	cc:preconj	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὁπότε	ὁπότε	SCONJ	subordinator	_	4 αἴσθοιντο	mark	high
4	αἴσθοιντο	αἰσθάνομαι	VERB	verb-opt-aor-mid-3pl	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	17 διεκελεύοντο	advcl	high	Optative in temporal subordinate clause.
5	οἱ	ὁ	DET	article-nom-masc-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 τραυματίαι	det	high
6	τραυματίαι	τραυματίας	NOUN	noun-nom-masc-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 αἴσθοιντο	nsubj	high
7	τὴν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἰσχὺν	det	high
8	ἰσχὺν	ἰσχύς	NOUN	noun-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ὑπολείπουσαν	obj	high
9	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	pron-acc-pl	Case=Acc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Reflex=Yes	10 ὑπολείπουσαν	nsubj	medium	Accusative subject of the participle; reflexive pronoun.
10	ὑπολείπουσαν	ὑπολείπω	VERB	part-pres-act-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	4 αἴσθοιντο	ccomp	medium	Participial complement of αἰσθοιντο; agrees with τὴν ἰσχύν.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	15 παραμένον	cc	high
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	article-acc-neut-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 πνεῦμα	det	high
13	πνεῦμα	πνεῦμα	NOUN	noun-acc-neut-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 παραμένον	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the participle.
14	οὐ	οὐ	PART	part-neg	Polarity=Neg	15 παραμένον	advmod	high
15	παραμένον	παραμένω	VERB	part-pres-act-acc-neut-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	4 αἴσθοιντο	ccomp	medium	Coordinated participial complement of αἰσθοιντο.
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 διεκελεύοντο	punct	high
17	διεκελεύοντο	διακελεύομαι	VERB	verb-imperf-mid-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
18	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	article-dat-masc-pl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἀτρῶσι	det	high
19	ἀτρῶσι	ἄτρωτος	ADJ	adj-dat-masc-pl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 διεκελεύοντο	iobj	high	Substantivized adjective, recipients of the exhortation.
20	μὴ	μή	PART	part-neg	Polarity=Neg	24 γίνεσθαι	advmod	high
21	χείρονας	χείρων	ADJ	adj-acc-masc-pl-comp	Case=Acc\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 γίνεσθαι	xcomp	high	Predicative comparative adjective with infinitive γίνεσθαι.
22	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	conj	_	23 αὐτοὶ	cc	high	Introduces the comparison.
23	αὐτοὶ	αὐτός	PRON	pron-nom-masc-pl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Int	24 γίνεσθαι	nsubj	medium	Intensive/comparative standard, syntactically nominative with αὐτοί understood as the comparison.
24	γίνεσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	verb-pres-mid-inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	17 διεκελεύοντο	xcomp	high	Infinitival complement of διεκελεύοντο.
25	μηδὲ	μηδέ	CCONJ	conj-neg	Polarity=Neg	34 καταστῆσαι	cc	medium	Coordinates a second negative infinitival instruction.
26	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	prep-acc	_	27 ἀνωφελὲς	case	high
27	ἀνωφελὲς	ἀνωφελής	ADJ	adj-acc-neut-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 καταστῆσαι	obl	medium	Substantivized/neuter adverbial expression with εἰς.
28	τῇ	ὁ	DET	article-dat-fem-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 πατρίδι	det	high
29	πατρίδι	πατρίς	NOUN	noun-dat-fem-sg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἀνωφελὲς	obl	high	Dative of reference.
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	conj	_	34 καταστῆσαι	cc	high
31	τὴν	ὁ	DET	article-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	33 τελευτὴν	det	high
32	ἐκείνων	ἐκεῖνος	PRON	pron-gen-masc-pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	33 τελευτὴν	nmod	high	Possessive genitive.
33	τελευτὴν	τελευτή	NOUN	noun-acc-fem-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 καταστῆσαι	obj	high
34	καταστῆσαι	καθίστημι	VERB	verb-aor-act-inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	17 διεκελεύοντο	xcomp	medium	Second infinitival complement; construction means to render their death useless to the fatherland.
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	17 διεκελεύοντο	punct	high

← 4.8.4 4.8.6 →