Grammar parses for passage 4.8.6
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ προτροπῇ μὲν ἐς ἀλλήλους τῇ δεήσει οὐκ ἐχρῶντο καὶ ἐς τὰ παράδοξα τῶν τολμημάτων οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἑτοίμως τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις εἶχον·
The sentence has two coordinated clauses; several dative phrases with ἐχρῶντο and εἶχον are semantically adverbial and somewhat uncertain in exact relation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐχρῶντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐχρῶντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ἐχρῶντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | προτροπῇ | προτροπή | NOUN | NFS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐχρῶντο | obl | medium | Likely dative of respect/means with ἐχρῶντο. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ἐχρῶντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἀλλήλους | case | high | Preposition governing ἀλλήλους. |
| 6 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Object of ἐς. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | LFS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 δεήσει | det | high | Article modifying δεήσει. |
| 8 | δεήσει | δέησις | NOUN | NFS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐχρῶντο | obl | medium | Likely instrumental or comitative dative with ἐχρῶντο. |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐχρῶντο | advmod | high | Negates the verb. |
| 10 | ἐχρῶντο | χράω | VERB | V-IIMI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 εἶχον | cc | high | Connects second coordinated clause. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 παράδοξα | case | high | Preposition governing παράδοξα. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-PA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 παράδοξα | det | high | Article modifying παράδοξα. |
| 14 | παράδοξα | παράδοξος | ADJ | A-PAAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 εἶχον | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective as object of ἐς. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | LGP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 τολμημάτων | det | high | Article modifying τολμημάτων. |
| 16 | τολμημάτων | τόλμημα | NOUN | NGPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 παράδοξα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παράδοξα. |
| 17 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 23 εἶχον | advmod | high | Negates εἶχον. |
| 18 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition governing ταὐτὰ. |
| 19 | ταὐτὰ | αὐτός | ADJ | A-PAAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 εἶχον | obl | high | Object of κατά; adverbial phrase 'in the same way'. |
| 20 | ἑτοίμως | ἑτοίμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 εἶχον | advmod | high | Manner adverb modifying εἶχον. |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | LPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Μεσσηνίοις | det | high | Article modifying Μεσσηνίοις. |
| 22 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 εἶχον | obl | high | Dative complement with εἶχον. |
| 23 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IIIA3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἐχρῶντο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐχρῶντο. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἅτε δὲ εὐθὺς ἐκ παίδων τὰ πολεμικὰ ἐπιστάμενοι, βαθυτέρᾳ τε τῇ φάλαγγι ἐχρῶντο καὶ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἤλπιζον οὔτε χρόνον τὸν ἴσον καρτερήσειν ἀντιτεταγμένους οὔτε πρὸς τὸν ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις κάματον ἢ τὰ τραύματα ἀνθέξειν.
The main syntactic challenge is the pair of future infinitives under ἤλπιζον, with accusative subjects and coordinated objects; ἀντιτεταγμένους is treated as an attendant participle modifying Μεσσηνίους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἐπιστάμενοι | mark | high | Causal/comparative conjunction modifying the participial clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἐχρῶντο | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | εὐθὺς | εὐθύς | ADV | _ | _ | 8 ἐπιστάμενοι | advmod | high | Modifies the participle. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 5 παίδων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 5 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπιστάμενοι | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐκ. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 πολεμικὰ | det | high | Article with substantival adjective. |
| 7 | πολεμικὰ | πολεμικός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπιστάμενοι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐπιστάμενοι. |
| 8 | ἐπιστάμενοι | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | PcpAonPnm | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐχρῶντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with causal force after ἅτε. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | βαθυτέρᾳ | βαθύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 φάλαγγι | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying φάλαγγι. |
| 11 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 14 ἐχρῶντο | cc | high | Enclitic conjunction. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 φάλαγγι | det | high | Article with φάλαγγι. |
| 13 | φάλαγγι | φάλαγξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐχρῶντο | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐχρῶντο. |
| 14 | ἐχρῶντο | χράομαι | VERB | V-Ip3p-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἤλπιζον | cc | high | Coordinates the main clauses. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίους. |
| 17 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 καρτερήσειν | nsubj | medium | Accusative with infinitive construction; interpreted as subject of καρτερήσειν. |
| 18 | ἤλπιζον | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-Ip3p-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 14 ἐχρῶντο | conj | high | Second coordinated main verb. |
| 19 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 καρτερήσειν | cc | high | First correlative of the infinitival coordination. |
| 20 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 καρτερήσειν | obj | high | Accusative of respect/extent with καρτερήσειν. |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἴσον | det | high | Article with ἴσον. |
| 22 | ἴσον | ἴσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 χρόνον | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying χρόνον. |
| 23 | καρτερήσειν | καρτερέω | VERB | V--FA-- | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἤλπιζον | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἤλπιζον. |
| 24 | ἀντιτεταγμένους | ἀντιτάσσω | VERB | V-Pppam | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 17 Μεσσηνίους | advcl | medium | Participle dependent on Μεσσηνίους; syntax is somewhat uncertain. |
| 25 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 35 ἀνθέξειν | cc | high | Second correlative. |
| 26 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 31 κάματον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 κάματον | det | high | Article with κάματον. |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 30 ὅπλοις | case | high | Preposition governing dative phrase. |
| 29 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 ὅπλοις | det | high | Article with ὅπλοις. |
| 30 | ὅπλοις | ὅπλον | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 31 κάματον | nmod | medium | Prepositional modifier of κάματον. |
| 31 | κάματον | κάματος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 ἀνθέξειν | obj | high | Object of ἀνθέξειν. |
| 32 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 34 τραύματα | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 33 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 τραύματα | det | high | Article with τραύματα. |
| 34 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 35 ἀνθέξειν | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἀνθέξειν. |
| 35 | ἀνθέξειν | ἀντέχω | VERB | V--FA-- | Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἤλπιζον | xcomp | high | Second complement infinitive of ἤλπιζον. |
| 36 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐχρῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |