Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.8.6

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Passage 4.8.6

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2sentences parsed

60Greek tokens

1,749input tokens

4,369output tokens

Sentence 1

4.8.6 sentence 1

Tokens: 24
Input: 811
Output: 1,741
Total: 2,552

Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ προτροπῇ μὲν ἐς ἀλλήλους τῇ δεήσει οὐκ ἐχρῶντο καὶ ἐς τὰ παράδοξα τῶν τολμημάτων οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἑτοίμως τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις εἶχον·

The sentence contrasts Spartan practice: they did not use mutual exhortation in the form of entreaty, and they were not equally ready as the Messenians for extraordinary acts of daring.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμόνιοι	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	Noun-Nom-Masc-Plur	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἐχρῶντο	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	10 ἐχρῶντο	cc	high
3	προτροπῇ	προτροπή	NOUN	Noun-Dat-Fem-Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἐχρῶντο	obl	medium	Dative of means or manner.
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	Part	_	3 προτροπῇ	discourse	high	Correlative μέν anticipates the later contrast.
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	6 ἀλλήλους	case	high
6	ἀλλήλους	ἀλλήλων	PRON	Pron-Acc-Masc-Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rcp	3 προτροπῇ	obl	medium	Object of the noun προτροπή, ‘incitement toward one another’.
7	τῇ	ὁ	DET	Art-Dat-Fem-Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 δεήσει	det	high
8	δεήσει	δέησις	NOUN	Noun-Dat-Fem-Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἐχρῶντο	obl	medium	Dative with χράομαι; τῇ δεήσει is the means or manner employed.
9	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	Part-Neg	Polarity=Neg	10 ἐχρῶντο	advmod	high
10	ἐχρῶντο	χράομαι	VERB	V-Impf-Ind-Mid-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	23 εἶχον	cc	high	Coordinates the second predicate with ἐχρῶντο.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Prep	_	14 παράδοξα	case	high
13	τὰ	ὁ	DET	Art-Acc-Neut-Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	14 παράδοξα	det	high
14	παράδοξα	παράδοξος	ADJ	Adj-Acc-Neut-Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	23 εἶχον	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘extraordinary things’.
15	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen-Neut-Plur	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	16 τολμημάτων	det	high
16	τολμημάτων	τόλμημα	NOUN	Noun-Gen-Neut-Plur	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 παράδοξα	nmod	high
17	οὐ	οὐ	PART	Part-Neg	Polarity=Neg	23 εἶχον	advmod	high
18	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	Prep	_	19 ταὐτὰ	case	high
19	ταὐτὰ	ὁ αὐτός	PRON	Pron-Acc-Neut-Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	23 εἶχον	obl	medium	Crasis of τὰ αὐτά; adverbial accusative in the phrase κατὰ ταὐτά.
20	ἑτοίμως	ἑτοίμως	ADV	Adv	_	23 εἶχον	advmod	high
21	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	Art-Dat-Masc-Plur	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	22 Μεσσηνίοις	det	high
22	Μεσσηνίοις	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	Noun-Dat-Masc-Plur	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 εἶχον	obl	high	Dative of comparison, ‘as/readily as the Messenians’.
23	εἶχον	ἔχω	VERB	V-Impf-Ind-Act-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	10 ἐχρῶντο	conj	high	Coordinated predicate: ‘they were not equally ready regarding extraordinary exploits’.
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἐχρῶντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.8.6 sentence 2

Tokens: 36
Input: 938
Output: 2,628
Total: 3,566

ἅτε δὲ εὐθὺς ἐκ παίδων τὰ πολεμικὰ ἐπιστάμενοι, βαθυτέρᾳ τε τῇ φάλαγγι ἐχρῶντο καὶ τοὺς Μεσσηνίους ἤλπιζον οὔτε χρόνον τὸν ἴσον καρτερήσειν ἀντιτεταγμένους οὔτε πρὸς τὸν ἐν τοῖς ὅπλοις κάματον ἢ τὰ τραύματα ἀνθέξειν.

The participial phrase ἅτε ... ἐπιστάμενοι is causal and supplies the understood subject of ἐχρῶντο and ἤλπιζον; the coordinated infinitives depend on ἤλπιζον, with τοὺς Μεσσηνίους as their accusative subject. ἀντιτεταγμένους is a supplementary participle agreeing with Μεσσηνίους.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	CONJ	PronType=Rel	8 ἐπιστάμενοι	mark	high	Causal particle introducing the participial clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἐχρῶντο	cc	high	Postpositive coordinating particle.
3	εὐθὺς	εὐθύς	ADV	ADV	_	8 ἐπιστάμενοι	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
4	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	5 παίδων	case	high
5	παίδων	παῖς	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἐπιστάμενοι	obl	high	Genitive with ἐκ.
6	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 πολεμικὰ	det	high
7	πολεμικὰ	πολεμικός	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἐπιστάμενοι	obj	high	Substantivized adjective, things pertaining to war.
8	ἐπιστάμενοι	ἐπίσταμαι	VERB	V-PMP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	14 ἐχρῶντο	advcl	high	Causal participle with understood subject.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐπιστάμενοι	punct	high
10	βαθυτέρᾳ	βαθύς	ADJ	A-DSF-C	Case=Dat\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 φάλαγγι	amod	high	Comparative adjective modifying φάλαγγι.
11	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἐχρῶντο	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
12	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T-DSF	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 φάλαγγι	det	high
13	φάλαγγι	φάλαγξ	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐχρῶντο	obl	high	Dative with χράομαι.
14	ἐχρῶντο	χράομαι	VERB	V-IMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	First coordinated finite predicate.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἤλπιζον	cc	high	Coordinates ἐχρῶντο and ἤλπιζον.
16	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 Μεσσηνίους	det	high
17	Μεσσηνίους	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἤλπιζον	obj	high	Accusative subject of the following infinitives.
18	ἤλπιζον	ἐλπίζω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	14 ἐχρῶντο	conj	high	Takes coordinated accusative-and-infinitive complements.
19	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 καρτερήσειν	cc	high	First οὔτε ... οὔτε coordination.
20	χρόνον	χρόνος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 καρτερήσειν	obj	high	Accusative extent of time with καρτερήσειν.
21	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἴσον	det	high
22	ἴσον	ἴσος	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 χρόνον	amod	high	Modifies χρόνον.
23	καρτερήσειν	καρτερέω	VERB	V-FAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	18 ἤλπιζον	xcomp	high	First infinitive complement of ἤλπιζον.
24	ἀντιτεταγμένους	ἀντιτάσσω	VERB	V-RPP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Pass	23 καρτερήσειν	advcl	medium	Supplementary participle agreeing with Μεσσηνίους; semantically while opposed/in battle array.
25	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	35 ἀνθέξειν	cc	high	Second member of οὔτε ... οὔτε coordination.
26	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	31 κάματον	case	high
27	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 κάματον	det	high
28	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	30 ὅπλοις	case	high
29	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	30 ὅπλοις	det	high
30	ὅπλοις	ὅπλον	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	31 κάματον	nmod	high	Prepositional modifier within the articular phrase.
31	κάματον	κάματος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 ἀνθέξειν	obj	high	First coordinated object of ἀνθέξειν.
32	ἢ	ἤ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	31 κάματον	cc	high	Coordinates κάματον and τὰ τραύματα.
33	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	34 τραύματα	det	high
34	τραύματα	τραῦμα	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	35 ἀνθέξειν	obj	high	Second coordinated object of ἀνθέξειν.
35	ἀνθέξειν	ἀντέχω	VERB	V-FAI	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Act	18 ἤλπιζον	xcomp	high	Second coordinated infinitive complement of ἤλπιζον.
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐχρῶντο	punct	high

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