Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.8.9

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Passage 4.8.9

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3sentences parsed

90Greek tokens

2,564input tokens

6,401output tokens

Sentence 1

4.8.9 sentence 1

Tokens: 39
Input: 959
Output: 2,619
Total: 3,578

ἐνταῦθα ἥ τε πᾶσα μάχη κεκμηκότων ὅμως ἐς τὸ ἀκμαιότατον αὖθις ἤρθη, καὶ τοῖς τε σώμασιν ἀνερρώννυντο καὶ τὸ ἀφειδὲς ἐς τὸν θάνατον παρʼ ἀμφοτέρων ηὐξάνετο, ὥστε εἰκάσαι ἄν τις τοῦ ἔργου τότε σφᾶς πρῶτον ἅπτεσθαι.

The sentence coordinates ἤρθη, ἀνερρώννυντο, and ηὐξάνετο; ὥστε introduces an infinitival consecutive clause with εἰκάσαι and embedded ἅπτεσθαι. The genitive participle κεκμηκότων is syntactically somewhat ambiguous.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	D	PronType=Dem	12 ἤρθη	advmod	high
2	ἥ	ὁ	DET	P-AFNS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 μάχη	det	high	Correlative article with τε.
3	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	5 μάχη	cc	high
4	πᾶσα	πᾶς	ADJ	A--NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 μάχη	amod	high
5	μάχη	μάχη	NOUN	N--NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἤρθη	nsubj	high
6	κεκμηκότων	κάμνω	VERB	V-RPAPGM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	5 μάχη	acl	medium	Genitive absolute-like participle agreeing with implicit exhausted combatants; syntactic attachment is uncertain.
7	ὅμως	ὅμως	ADV	D	_	12 ἤρθη	advmod	high
8	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	10 ἀκμαιότατον	case	high
9	τὸ	ὁ	DET	P-ANSN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἀκμαιότατον	det	high
10	ἀκμαιότατον	ἀκμαῖος	ADJ	A-SNSAS	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἤρθη	obl	high	Substantivized superlative.
11	αὖθις	αὖθις	ADV	D	_	12 ἤρθη	advmod	high
12	ἤρθη	αἴρω	VERB	V-API3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἤρθη	punct	high
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	18 ἀνερρώννυντο	cc	high
15	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	P-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 σώμασιν	det	high
16	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	18 ἀνερρώννυντο	cc	high
17	σώμασιν	σῶμα	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	18 ἀνερρώννυντο	obl	high	Dative of respect/means with ἀνερρώννυντο.
18	ἀνερρώννυντο	ἀναρρώννυμι	VERB	V-IPI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Mid	12 ἤρθη	conj	high
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	27 ηὐξάνετο	cc	high
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	P-ANSN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 ἀφειδὲς	det	high
21	ἀφειδὲς	ἀφειδής	ADJ	A-SNSNA	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 ηὐξάνετο	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the unsparing attitude’.
22	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	24 θάνατον	case	high
23	τὸν	ὁ	DET	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 θάνατον	det	high
24	θάνατον	θάνατος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 ηὐξάνετο	obl	high
25	παρʼ	παρά	ADP	P	_	26 ἀμφοτέρων	case	high
26	ἀμφοτέρων	ἀμφότερος	PRON	PX-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Ind	27 ηὐξάνετο	obl	high	Genitive with παρά, indicating both sides.
27	ηὐξάνετο	αὐξάνω	VERB	V-IMI3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|Voice=Mid	18 ἀνερρώννυντο	conj	high
28	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	27 ηὐξάνετο	punct	high
29	ὥστε	ὥστε	SCONJ	C	_	30 εἰκάσαι	mark	high	Introduces consecutive infinitival clause.
30	εἰκάσαι	εἰκάζω	VERB	V-AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	27 ηὐξάνετο	advcl	high
31	ἄν	ἄν	PART	X	_	30 εἰκάσαι	aux	high	Potential particle with the infinitival construction.
32	τις	τις	PRON	PX-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	30 εἰκάσαι	nsubj	high
33	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	P-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	34 ἔργου	det	high
34	ἔργου	ἔργον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 ἅπτεσθαι	obl	medium	Genitive dependent on ἅπτεσθαι, with τότε πρῶτον modifying the verbal idea.
35	τότε	τότε	ADV	D	_	38 ἅπτεσθαι	advmod	high
36	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	RP-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	38 ἅπτεσθαι	obj	high
37	πρῶτον	πρῶτος	ADV	A-SNNA	Degree=Pos	38 ἅπτεσθαι	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative.
38	ἅπτεσθαι	ἅπτω	VERB	V-PNM	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	30 εἰκάσαι	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive under εἰκάσαι; genitive τοῦ ἔργου is governed by ἅπτεσθαι.
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἤρθη	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.8.9 sentence 2

Tokens: 39
Input: 925
Output: 2,772
Total: 3,697

τέλος δὲ οἱ περὶ τὸν Εὐφαῆ τῆς τε ἀπονοίας τῷ ὑπερβάλλοντι μανίας ὄντες ἐγγύτατα καὶ ὑπʼ ἀνδραγαθίας---πᾶν γὰρ δὴ τὸ περὶ τὸν βασιλέα οἱ λογάδες τῶν Μεσσηνίων ἦσαν---βιάζονται τοὺς ἀντιτεταγμένους·

Main clause is οἱ περὶ τὸν Εὐφαῆ ... βιάζονται; the intervening γὰρ δή clause explains the status of the λογάδες. The participial phrase with ὄντες supplies circumstance/cause, though the exact attachment of the genitives is somewhat interpretive.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τέλος	τέλος	ADV	Adverb	_	36 βιάζονται	advmod	high	Adverbial τέλος, ‘finally’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	36 βιάζονται	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nom-Masc-Plur	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ὄντες	det	high
4	περὶ	περί	ADP	Prep	_	6 Εὐφαῆ	case	high	Preposition governing Εὐφαῆ.
5	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art-Acc-Masc-Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Εὐφαῆ	det	high
6	Εὐφαῆ	Εὐφαής	PROPN	Propn-Acc-Masc-Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ὄντες	obl	high	Person-name in περί phrase.
7	τῆς	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen-Fem-Sing	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ἀπονοίας	det	high
8	τε	τε	CCONJ	Conj	_	9 ἀπονοίας	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί.
9	ἀπονοίας	ἀπόνοια	NOUN	N-Gen-Fem-Sing	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ὄντες	obl	high	Genitive with ἐγγύτατα, expressing comparison/domain.
10	τῷ	ὁ	DET	Art-Dat-Neut-Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ὑπερβάλλοντι	det	high
11	ὑπερβάλλοντι	ὑπερβάλλω	VERB	Part-Pres-Act-Dat-Neut-Sing	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	12 μανίας	amod	medium	Substantivized/attributive participle, ‘excessive’.
12	μανίας	μανία	NOUN	N-Gen-Fem-Sing	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ὑπερβάλλοντι	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ὑπερβάλλοντι.
13	ὄντες	εἰμί	AUX	Part-Pres-Act-Nom-Masc-Plur	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	36 βιάζονται	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ ...; ὄντες ἐγγύτατα.
14	ἐγγύτατα	ἐγγύς	ADV	Adverb-Superl	Degree=Sup	13 ὄντες	advmod	high	Superlative adverb.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	16 ὑπʼ	cc	high	Coordinates the second causal phrase.
16	ὑπʼ	ὑπό	ADP	Prep	_	17 ἀνδραγαθίας	case	high	Preposition governing ἀνδραγαθίας.
17	ἀνδραγαθίας	ἀνδραγαθία	NOUN	N-Gen-Fem-Sing	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ὄντες	obl	high	Cause/agency phrase with ὑπό.
18	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	36 βιάζονται	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
19	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	36 βιάζονται	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
20	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	36 βιάζονται	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
21	πᾶν	πᾶς	ADJ	Adj-Nom-Neut-Sing	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 ἦσαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἦσαν; substantival/collective.
22	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	Part	_	32 ἦσαν	discourse	medium	Explanatory postpositive particle; relation treated as discourse.
23	δὴ	δή	PART	Part	_	32 ἦσαν	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
24	τὸ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nom-Neut-Sing	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 περὶ	det	high
25	περὶ	περί	ADP	Prep	_	27 βασιλέα	case	high	Preposition governing τὸν βασιλέα.
26	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art-Acc-Masc-Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 βασιλέα	det	high
27	βασιλέα	βασιλεύς	NOUN	N-Acc-Masc-Sing	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 περὶ	obl	high	Object of περί within the substantivized phrase.
28	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nom-Masc-Plur	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 λογάδες	det	high
29	λογάδες	λογάς	NOUN	N-Nom-Masc-Plur	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 ἦσαν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἦσαν.
30	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen-Masc-Plur	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 Μεσσηνίων	det	high
31	Μεσσηνίων	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	Propn-Gen-Masc-Plur	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	29 λογάδες	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on λογάδες.
32	ἦσαν	εἰμί	AUX	Ind-Impf-Act-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	36 βιάζονται	ccomp	high	Imperfect copula in parenthetical explanatory clause.
33	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	32 ἦσαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
34	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	32 ἦσαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
35	-	-	PUNCT	_	_	32 ἦσαν	punct	high	Dash punctuation.
36	βιάζονται	βιάζω	VERB	Ind-Pres-Med-Dep-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Deponent/passive-form finite main verb.
37	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	Art-Acc-Masc-Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	38 ἀντιτεταγμένους	det	high
38	ἀντιτεταγμένους	ἀντιτάσσω	VERB	Part-Perf-MedPass-Acc-Masc-Plur	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	36 βιάζονται	obj	high	Substantivized perfect middle/passive participle, object of βιάζονται.
39	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	36 βιάζονται	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

4.8.9 sentence 3

Tokens: 12
Input: 680
Output: 1,010
Total: 1,690

καὶ αὐτόν τε Θεόπομπον ἀπώσαντο καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς καθʼ αὑτοὺς ἐτρέψαντο.

Two coordinated aorist middle verbs share coordinated objects: Θεόπομπον is the object of ἀπώσαντο, while τοὺς καθʼ αὑτοὺς (sc. Λακεδαιμονίους) is the object of ἐτρέψαντο; Λακεδαιμονίων is a partitive/genitive modifier of the substantivized τοὺς.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	5 ἀπώσαντο	cc	high
2	αὐτόν	αὐτός	PRON	neuter?	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	4 Θεόπομπον	det	medium	Intensive/pronominal modifier of Θεόπομπον; form is masculine accusative singular.
3	τε	τε	CCONJ	_	_	5 ἀπώσαντο	cc	high	Correlative particle with following καί.
4	Θεόπομπον	Θεόπομπος	PROPN	N-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|NameType=Grc\|Number=Sing	5 ἀπώσαντο	obj	high
5	ἀπώσαντο	ἀπωθέω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	11 ἐτρέψαντο	cc	high	Coordinates the second verb with ἀπώσαντο.
7	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 τοὺς	nmod	medium	Substantival ethnic adjective, genitive plural; likely partitive/genitive modifier of τοὺς.
8	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἐτρέψαντο	obj	high	Substantivized article, with καθʼ αὑτούς; implied noun is Λακεδαιμονίους.
9	καθʼ	κατά	ADP	P-APM	Case=Acc	10 αὑτοὺς	case	high	Elided form of κατά before vowel.
10	αὑτοὺς	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P-3APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Rcp	8 τοὺς	obl	medium	Reflexive form in the phrase καθʼ αὑτούς, ‘among/on their own’; exact semantic force is context-sensitive.
11	ἐτρέψαντο	τρέπω	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	5 ἀπώσαντο	conj	high
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἀπώσαντο	punct	high

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