Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.9.1

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Passage 4.9.1

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3sentences parsed

78Greek tokens

2,424input tokens

5,653output tokens

Sentence 1

4.9.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 12
Input: 678
Output: 948
Total: 1,626

τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις μετὰ τὴν μάχην πονηρὰ γίνεσθαι τὰ πράγματα ἤρχετο·

The impersonal construction ἤρχετο πονηρὰ γίνεσθαι τὰ πράγματα means that affairs began to become bad; τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις is a dative of reference, and μετὰ τὴν μάχην is temporal.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-----DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἤρχετο	iobj	high	Dative article marking the affected party/reference.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 ἤρχετο	cc	high
3	Μεσσηνίοις	Μεσσήνιος	PROPN	N----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	1 τοῖς	flat	high	Dative ethnonym in apposition-like relation to τοῖς.
4	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R--------	_	6 μάχην	case	high	Temporal preposition governing the accusative.
5	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-----AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 μάχην	det	high
6	μάχην	μάχη	NOUN	N-----AFS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἤρχετο	obl	high	Temporal accusative phrase headed by μετά.
7	πονηρὰ	πονηρός	ADJ	A-----NPN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 γίνεσθαι	xcomp	high	Predicative adjective with τὰ πράγματα, within the infinitival complement.
8	γίνεσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V- PNA---M-	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 ἤρχετο	xcomp	high	Present middle infinitive, complement of ἤρχετο; τὰ πράγματα is its nominative subject.
9	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-----NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 πράγματα	det	high
10	πράγματα	πρᾶγμα	NOUN	N-----NPN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 γίνεσθαι	nsubj	high	Nominative subject of the infinitive γίνεσθαι; semantic subject of πονηρὰ.
11	ἤρχετο	ἄρχομαι	VERB	V- IIM3S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Imperfect middle, ‘began’; governs the infinitival complement.
12	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἤρχετο	punct	high

Sentence 2

4.9.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 42
Input: 957
Output: 2,974
Total: 3,931

δαπάνῃ τε γὰρ χρημάτων ἀπειρήκεσαν, ἃ τῶν πόλεων ἀνήλισκον ἐς τὰς φρουράς, καὶ οἱ δοῦλοι παρὰ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ηὐτομόλουν, τοῖς δὲ καὶ νόσος ἐνέπεσε καὶ ταραχὰς μὲν παρέσχεν ὡς εἴη λοιμώδης, οὐ μὴν ἐς ἅπαντάς γε ἐχώρησεν.

The first clause has an understood subject (the Spartans/their forces) with ἀπειρήκεσαν governing a relative clause; τοῖς refers to the slaves, while νόσος is the subject of ἐνέπεσε. The final ὡς-clause is consecutive/explanatory with εἴη λοιμώδης.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	δαπάνῃ	δαπάνη	NOUN	N-dat-sf	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	obl	high	Dative of respect/cost.
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	cc	high	Correlative/additive conjunction.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	discourse	high	Explanatory postpositive particle.
4	χρημάτων	χρῆμα	NOUN	N-gen-pn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 δαπάνῃ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on δαπάνῃ.
5	ἀπειρήκεσαν	ἀπαγορεύω	VERB	V-plup-act-ind-3p	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pluperf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Pluperfect meaning had exhausted/given out; subject is understood from context.
6	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	punct	high
7	ἃ	ὅς	PRON	P-rel-acc-pn	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	10 ἀνήλισκον	obj	high	Relative pronoun referring to χρημάτων.
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-gen-pf	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	9 πόλεων	det	high
9	πόλεων	πόλις	NOUN	N-gen-pf	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	10 ἀνήλισκον	obl	high	Source genitive with ἀνήλισκον.
10	ἀνήλισκον	ἀναλίσκω	VERB	V-impf-act-ind-3p	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	acl:relcl	high	Finite verb of the relative clause.
11	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	13 φρουράς	case	high
12	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-acc-pf	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	13 φρουράς	det	high
13	φρουράς	φρουρά	NOUN	N-acc-pf	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	10 ἀνήλισκον	obl	high	Destination/purpose of expenditure.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	punct	high
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 ηὐτομόλουν	cc	high	Coordinates the next main clause.
16	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-nom-pm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 δοῦλοι	det	high
17	δοῦλοι	δοῦλος	NOUN	N-nom-pm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ηὐτομόλουν	nsubj	high
18	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	20 Λακεδαιμονίους	case	high	With accusative, movement to/over to.
19	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-acc-pm	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 Λακεδαιμονίους	det	high
20	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	Ne-acc-pm	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 ηὐτομόλουν	obl	high	Substantivized ethnic noun.
21	ηὐτομόλουν	αὐτομολέω	VERB	V-impf-act-ind-3p	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	conj	high	Coordinated main predicate.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	21 ηὐτομόλουν	punct	high
23	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-dat-pm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	26 νόσος	det	medium	Article with substantivized/elliptical noun: to them.
24	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἐνέπεσε	cc	high	Adversative/continuative particle.
25	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἐνέπεσε	cc	high	Also coordinates the following event.
26	νόσος	νόσος	NOUN	N-nom-sf	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἐνέπεσε	nsubj	high
27	ἐνέπεσε	ἐμπίπτω	VERB	V-aor-act-ind-3s	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 ηὐτομόλουν	conj	high	New coordinated predicate; τοῖς is its dative affected participant.
28	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	31 παρέσχεν	cc	high	Coordinates παρέσχεν with ἐνέπεσε.
29	ταραχὰς	ταραχή	NOUN	N-acc-pf	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	31 παρέσχεν	obj	high	Object of παρέσχεν.
30	μὲν	μέν	PART	PRT	_	31 παρέσχεν	discourse	high	Correlative particle, opposed to οὐ μήν.
31	παρέσχεν	παρέχω	VERB	V-aor-act-ind-3s	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	27 ἐνέπεσε	conj	high	Coordinated predicate with νόσος as understood subject.
32	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	33 εἴη	mark	medium	Introduces explanatory/consecutive subordinate clause.
33	εἴη	εἰμί	VERB	V-praes-act-opt-3s	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	31 παρέσχεν	advcl	medium	Optative in ὡς-clause; subject λοιμώδης is predicative.
34	λοιμώδης	λοιμώδης	ADJ	A-nom-sf	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	33 εἴη	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with εἴη; agrees with νόσος.
35	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	31 παρέσχεν	punct	high
36	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PRT	_	41 ἐχώρησεν	advmod	high	Negates ἐχώρησεν.
37	μὴν	μήν	PART	PRT	_	41 ἐχώρησεν	discourse	high	Adversative strengthening with οὐ.
38	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	39 ἅπαντάς	case	high
39	ἅπαντάς	ἅπας	ADJ	A-acc-pm	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	41 ἐχώρησεν	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, object of movement metaphor.
40	γε	γε	PART	PRT	_	39 ἅπαντάς	discourse	high	Restrictive/emphatic particle.
41	ἐχώρησεν	χωρέω	VERB	V-aor-act-ind-3s	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	27 ἐνέπεσε	conj	high	Final coordinated predicate: the disease did not reach everyone.
42	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἀπειρήκεσαν	punct	high

Sentence 3

4.9.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 24
Input: 789
Output: 1,731
Total: 2,520

βουλευομένοις δὲ πρὸς τὰ παρόντα ἐδόκει τὰ μὲν πολλὰ πολίσματα τὰ ἐς μεσόγαιαν πάντα ἐκλείπειν, ἐς δὲ τὸ ὄρος ἀνοικίζεσθαι τὴν Ἰθώμην.

Impersonal ἐδόκει takes coordinated infinitival clauses: towns were thought to abandon most inland settlements and to resettle Ithome on the mountain; μέν...δέ contrasts the two destinations/actions.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	βουλευομένοις	βουλεύομαι	VERB	V--PPM-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	6 ἐδόκει	advcl	high	Circumstantial present middle participle, agreeing with understood subject.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἐδόκει	cc	high
3	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	5 παρόντα	case	high
4	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T--NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 παρόντα	det	high
5	παρόντα	πάρειμι	VERB	V-PAPNPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	6 ἐδόκει	obl	high	Substantivized participle: present circumstances.
6	ἐδόκει	δοκέω	VERB	V3I—I-S3	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal δοκεῖν/ἐδόκει governing coordinated infinitives.
7	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T--NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	9 πολλὰ	det	high
8	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	15 ἐκλείπειν	advmod	high	First member of μέν...δέ contrast.
9	πολλὰ	πολύς	ADJ	A--NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 πολίσματα	amod	high	With πολίσματα: many towns.
10	πολίσματα	πολίσμα	NOUN	N--NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἐκλείπειν	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐκλείπειν.
11	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T--NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 μεσόγαιαν	det	high	Article with substantivized/geographical μεσόγαιαν phrase.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	13 μεσόγαιαν	case	high
13	μεσόγαιαν	μεσόγαιος	ADJ	A--SFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 πάντα	obl	medium	Feminine substantivized geographical term; article-number mismatch reflects lexicalized usage or textual normalization.
14	πάντα	πᾶς	ADJ	A--NPA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	10 πολίσματα	amod	high	Predicative/quantifying modifier of πολίσματα.
15	ἐκλείπειν	ἐκλείπω	VERB	V—PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	6 ἐδόκει	csubj	high	First infinitive coordinated with ἀνοικίζεσθαι.
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐκλείπειν	punct	high
17	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	20 ὄρος	case	high
18	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 ἀνοικίζεσθαι	cc	high	Second member of μέν...δέ contrast.
19	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T--NSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ὄρος	det	high
20	ὄρος	ὄρος	NOUN	N--NSA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 ἀνοικίζεσθαι	obl	high
21	ἀνοικίζεσθαι	ἀνοικίζω	VERB	V—PMN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	6 ἐδόκει	conj	high	Second infinitive coordinated with ἐκλείπειν; middle means relocate/settle anew.
22	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T--SFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 Ἰθώμην	det	high
23	Ἰθώμην	Ἰθώμη	PROPN	N--SFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ἀνοικίζεσθαι	obj	high	Accusative object of ἀνοικίζεσθαι.
24	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐδόκει	punct	high

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