Grammar parses for passage 4.9.1
Open translation for this passage
τοῖς δὲ Μεσσηνίοις μετὰ τὴν μάχην πονηρὰ γίνεσθαι τὰ πράγματα ἤρχετο·
The impersonal construction ἤρχετο πονηρὰ γίνεσθαι τὰ πράγματα means that affairs began to become bad; τοῖς Μεσσηνίοις is a dative of reference, and μετὰ τὴν μάχην is temporal.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-----DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἤρχετο | iobj | high | Dative article marking the affected party/reference. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἤρχετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τοῖς | flat | high | Dative ethnonym in apposition-like relation to τοῖς. |
| 4 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 μάχην | case | high | Temporal preposition governing the accusative. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-----AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μάχην | det | high | |
| 6 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἤρχετο | obl | high | Temporal accusative phrase headed by μετά. |
| 7 | πονηρὰ | πονηρός | ADJ | A-----NPN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 γίνεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with τὰ πράγματα, within the infinitival complement. |
| 8 | γίνεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- PNA---M- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἤρχετο | xcomp | high | Present middle infinitive, complement of ἤρχετο; τὰ πράγματα is its nominative subject. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 πράγματα | det | high | |
| 10 | πράγματα | πρᾶγμα | NOUN | N-----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 γίνεσθαι | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of the infinitive γίνεσθαι; semantic subject of πονηρὰ. |
| 11 | ἤρχετο | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V- IIM3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, ‘began’; governs the infinitival complement. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἤρχετο | punct | high |
δαπάνῃ τε γὰρ χρημάτων ἀπειρήκεσαν, ἃ τῶν πόλεων ἀνήλισκον ἐς τὰς φρουράς, καὶ οἱ δοῦλοι παρὰ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ηὐτομόλουν, τοῖς δὲ καὶ νόσος ἐνέπεσε καὶ ταραχὰς μὲν παρέσχεν ὡς εἴη λοιμώδης, οὐ μὴν ἐς ἅπαντάς γε ἐχώρησεν.
The first clause has an understood subject (the Spartans/their forces) with ἀπειρήκεσαν governing a relative clause; τοῖς refers to the slaves, while νόσος is the subject of ἐνέπεσε. The final ὡς-clause is consecutive/explanatory with εἴη λοιμώδης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δαπάνῃ | δαπάνη | NOUN | N-dat-sf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | obl | high | Dative of respect/cost. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | cc | high | Correlative/additive conjunction. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | discourse | high | Explanatory postpositive particle. |
| 4 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-gen-pn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 δαπάνῃ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δαπάνῃ. |
| 5 | ἀπειρήκεσαν | ἀπαγορεύω | VERB | V-plup-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect meaning had exhausted/given out; subject is understood from context. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-rel-acc-pn | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 10 ἀνήλισκον | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to χρημάτων. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-gen-pf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 9 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-gen-pf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνήλισκον | obl | high | Source genitive with ἀνήλισκον. |
| 10 | ἀνήλισκον | ἀναλίσκω | VERB | V-impf-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 φρουράς | case | high | |
| 12 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-acc-pf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 φρουράς | det | high | |
| 13 | φρουράς | φρουρά | NOUN | N-acc-pf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνήλισκον | obl | high | Destination/purpose of expenditure. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ηὐτομόλουν | cc | high | Coordinates the next main clause. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-pm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 δοῦλοι | det | high | |
| 17 | δοῦλοι | δοῦλος | NOUN | N-nom-pm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ηὐτομόλουν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | With accusative, movement to/over to. |
| 19 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-acc-pm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Ne-acc-pm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ηὐτομόλουν | obl | high | Substantivized ethnic noun. |
| 21 | ηὐτομόλουν | αὐτομολέω | VERB | V-impf-act-ind-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | conj | high | Coordinated main predicate. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ηὐτομόλουν | punct | high | |
| 23 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-dat-pm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 νόσος | det | medium | Article with substantivized/elliptical noun: to them. |
| 24 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐνέπεσε | cc | high | Adversative/continuative particle. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 ἐνέπεσε | cc | high | Also coordinates the following event. |
| 26 | νόσος | νόσος | NOUN | N-nom-sf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐνέπεσε | nsubj | high | |
| 27 | ἐνέπεσε | ἐμπίπτω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 21 ηὐτομόλουν | conj | high | New coordinated predicate; τοῖς is its dative affected participant. |
| 28 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 παρέσχεν | cc | high | Coordinates παρέσχεν with ἐνέπεσε. |
| 29 | ταραχὰς | ταραχή | NOUN | N-acc-pf | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 31 παρέσχεν | obj | high | Object of παρέσχεν. |
| 30 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 31 παρέσχεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle, opposed to οὐ μήν. |
| 31 | παρέσχεν | παρέχω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ἐνέπεσε | conj | high | Coordinated predicate with νόσος as understood subject. |
| 32 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 εἴη | mark | medium | Introduces explanatory/consecutive subordinate clause. |
| 33 | εἴη | εἰμί | VERB | V-praes-act-opt-3s | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 31 παρέσχεν | advcl | medium | Optative in ὡς-clause; subject λοιμώδης is predicative. |
| 34 | λοιμώδης | λοιμώδης | ADJ | A-nom-sf | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 33 εἴη | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἴη; agrees with νόσος. |
| 35 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 παρέσχεν | punct | high | |
| 36 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PRT | _ | 41 ἐχώρησεν | advmod | high | Negates ἐχώρησεν. |
| 37 | μὴν | μήν | PART | PRT | _ | 41 ἐχώρησεν | discourse | high | Adversative strengthening with οὐ. |
| 38 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 39 ἅπαντάς | case | high | |
| 39 | ἅπαντάς | ἅπας | ADJ | A-acc-pm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 41 ἐχώρησεν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, object of movement metaphor. |
| 40 | γε | γε | PART | PRT | _ | 39 ἅπαντάς | discourse | high | Restrictive/emphatic particle. |
| 41 | ἐχώρησεν | χωρέω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 27 ἐνέπεσε | conj | high | Final coordinated predicate: the disease did not reach everyone. |
| 42 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπειρήκεσαν | punct | high |