Grammar parses for passage 4.9.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐδόκει δὲ καὶ θεωρὸν πέμψαι σφίσιν ἐς Δελφούς.
Impersonal ἐδόκει governs the complementary infinitive πέμψαι; θεωρόν is its accusative subject/object-like participant, σφίσιν the dative recipient, and ἐς Δελφούς the destination. The omitted subject is recoverable from context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐδόκει | δοκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal imperfect, ‘it seemed/was decided’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐδόκει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 πέμψαι | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also’ modifying the infinitival action. |
| 4 | θεωρὸν | θεωρός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πέμψαι | obj | medium | Accusative participant of πέμψαι; may be construed as its accusative subject in an infinitival clause. |
| 5 | πέμψαι | πέμπω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἐδόκει | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive complement of impersonal ἐδόκει. |
| 6 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3-DPN | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 5 πέμψαι | iobj | high | Third-person plural dative recipient. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Δελφούς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative Δελφούς. |
| 8 | Δελφούς | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 πέμψαι | obl | high | Destination governed by ἐς. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐδόκει | punct | high |
ἀποστέλλουσιν οὖν Τῖσιν τὸν Ἄλκιδος, καὶ ἀξιώματι οὐδενὸς ὕστερον καὶ ὅτι προσκεῖσθαι μαντικῇ μάλιστα ἐνομίζετο.
The final coordination is syntactically compressed: ἐνομίζετο likely introduces a judgment/content construction involving προσκεῖσθαι, while ἀξιώματι οὐδενὸς ὕστερον forms an adverbial comparative phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | Τῖσιν | Τῖσις | PROPN | NPM-S--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | iobj | medium | Proper name; recipient of ἀποστέλλουσιν. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DA-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἄλκιδος | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἄλκιδος | Ἄλκις | PROPN | NPMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | medium | Proper name; accusative object of ἀποστέλλουσιν. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐνομίζετο | cc | medium | Coordinates the following explanatory clause with the preceding assertion. |
| 8 | ἀξιώματι | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | NDSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὕστερον | obl | medium | Dative of respect/degree with ὕστερον. |
| 9 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | PX-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 10 ὕστερον | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison with ὕστερον; substantival. |
| 10 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADJ | A-S---N | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐνομίζετο | advmod | medium | Adverbial neuter accusative, ‘inferior/later’; syntax of the coordinated phrase is compressed. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 προσκεῖσθαι | cc | medium | Coordinates the infinitival complement with the preceding comparative phrase. |
| 12 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 προσκεῖσθαι | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause dependent on ἐνομίζετο. |
| 13 | προσκεῖσθαι | πρόσκειμαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 16 ἐνομίζετο | xcomp | medium | Present infinitive, probably predicative complement of ἐνομίζετο; construction is textually/syntactically difficult. |
| 14 | μαντικῇ | μαντική | NOUN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 προσκεῖσθαι | obl | medium | Dative complement with προσκεῖσθαι, ‘be attached to/engaged in divination’. |
| 15 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 13 προσκεῖσθαι | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ἐνομίζετο | νομίζω | VERB | V-IPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Pass | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | conj | medium | Imperfect passive, coordinated with the main clause; governs the following infinitival/content construction. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high |
τοῦτον τὸν Τῖσιν ἐπανιόντα ἐκ Δελφῶν λοχῶσιν ἄνδρες Λακεδαιμονίων ἀπὸ τῆς ἐν Ἀμφείᾳ φρουρᾶς·
Ἐπανιόντα is a predicative circumstantial participle agreeing with Τῖσιν; λοχῶσιν is the main verb, with ἄνδρες Λακεδαιμονίων as subject. The transmitted accentual form λοχῶσιν is treated as present active indicative, 3pl (possibly a textual/orthographic variant).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Τῖσιν | det | high | |
| 2 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Τῖσιν | det | high | |
| 3 | Τῖσιν | Τῖσις | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπανιόντα | obj | medium | Proper name; lexical identification and accentuation are somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | ἐπανιόντα | ἐπάνειμι | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 λοχῶσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with Τῖσιν. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 6 Δελφῶν | case | high | |
| 6 | Δελφῶν | Δελφοί | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπανιόντα | obl | high | Place name; masculine plural form. |
| 7 | λοχῶσιν | λοχάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | low | Form is morphologically/orthographically uncertain; interpreted as 3pl present active indicative, ‘they ambush’. |
| 8 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 λοχῶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἄνδρες | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective used attributively/substantivally with ἄνδρες. |
| 10 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 14 φρουρᾶς | case | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 φρουρᾶς | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 13 Ἀμφείᾳ | case | high | |
| 13 | Ἀμφείᾳ | Ἀμφεία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 φρουρᾶς | nmod | high | Place name in an ἐν-phrase. |
| 14 | φρουρᾶς | φρουρά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 λοχῶσιν | obl | high | Source/location phrase governed by ἀπό. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 λοχῶσιν | punct | high |
λοχήσαντες δὲ---οὐ γὰρ ὑπεῖκεν αἰχμάλωτος γενέσθαι--- περιμένοντα οὖν ἀμύνεσθαι καὶ ἀνθεστηκότα ἐτίτρωσκον, ἐς ὃ γίνεται βοή σφισιν ἐξ ἀφανοῦς "τὸν χρησμοφόρον μέθες."
The participles λοχήσαντες, περιμένοντα, and ἀνθεστηκότα are coordinated/subordinate to the main verb ἐτίτρωσκον; ὑπεῖκεν governs the infinitive phrase αἰχμάλωτος γενέσθαι. The quotation is the content of the ensuing cry, with μέθες as its imperative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λοχήσαντες | λοχάω | VERB | VAAP-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 19 ἐτίτρωσκον | advcl | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 λοχήσαντες | cc | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λοχήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λοχήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λοχήσαντες | punct | high | |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Q---- | Polarity=Neg | 8 ὑπεῖκεν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 8 ὑπεῖκεν | cc | high | |
| 8 | ὑπεῖκεν | ὑπείκω | VERB | VAAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 λοχήσαντες | parataxis | medium | Subject is understood; clause explains the preceding action. |
| 9 | αἰχμάλωτος | αἰχμάλωτος | NOUN | NNSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 10 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with γενέσθαι. |
| 10 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V2AMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 8 ὑπεῖκεν | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεῖκεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεῖκεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπεῖκεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | περιμένοντα | περιμένω | VERB | VPPP-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 19 ἐτίτρωσκον | advcl | medium | Accusative participle, likely agreeing with the understood object/person whom they attacked. |
| 15 | οὖν | οὖν | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 14 περιμένοντα | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀμύνεσθαι | ἀμύνω | VERB | VPUN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 14 περιμένοντα | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on περιμένοντα; middle may be deponent/medium. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 18 ἀνθεστηκότα | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἀνθεστηκότα | ἀνθίστημι | VERB | VSRP-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 19 ἐτίτρωσκον | conj | high | |
| 19 | ἐτίτρωσκον | τιτρώσκω | VERB | VIAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐτίτρωσκον | punct | high | |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R---- | _ | 22 ὃ | case | high | |
| 22 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | R---AS-M | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Rel | 23 γίνεται | obl | medium | Relative pronoun in the temporal/result expression ἐς ὃ, ‘until/when’. |
| 23 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | VPMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 19 ἐτίτρωσκον | advcl | high | |
| 24 | βοή | βοή | NOUN | NNSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 23 γίνεται | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD-D | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 23 γίνεται | iobj | high | Dative of occurrence/possession: ‘a cry arises for them’. |
| 26 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R---- | _ | 27 ἀφανοῦς | case | high | |
| 27 | ἀφανοῦς | ἀφανής | ADJ | A-SGM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 23 γίνεται | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive, ‘from an unseen source/person’; gender and ellipsis are uncertain. |
| 28 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 μέθες | punct | high | |
| 29 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM | Case=Accusative|Definite=Def|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 30 χρησμοφόρον | det | high | |
| 30 | χρησμοφόρον | χρησμοφόρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 31 μέθες | obj | high | |
| 31 | μέθες | μεθίημι | VERB | VAAM-2S | Mood=Imperative|Number=Singular|Person=2|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 23 γίνεται | ccomp | high | Imperative in direct speech, content of βοή. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 μέθες | punct | high | |
| 33 | " | " | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 μέθες | punct | high |