Grammar parses for passage 4.9.2
Open translation for this passage
ἦν δὲ καὶ πόλισμα αὐτόθι οὐ μέγα, ὃ καὶ Ὅμηρόν φασιν ἔχειν ἐν καταλόγῳ· καὶ Ἰθώμην κλιμακόεσσαν.
The final καὶ Ἰθώμην κλιμακόεσσαν is an elliptical accusative continuation of the reported content, with φασιν ἔχειν understood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 πόλισμα | advmod | high | Adverbial καί modifying the existence assertion. |
| 4 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 7 μέγα | advmod | high | Negates μέγα. |
| 7 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 πόλισμα | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective agreeing with πόλισμα. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-RASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχειν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἔχειν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 φασιν | advmod | high | Also scopes over φασιν. |
| 11 | Ὅμηρόν | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 φασιν | obj | medium | Accusative person associated with the reporting construction; syntactically somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἦν | conj | high | |
| 13 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 φασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the indirect statement after φασιν. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 καταλόγῳ | case | high | |
| 15 | καταλόγῳ | κατάλογος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχειν | obl | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Ἰθώμην | cc | medium | Coordinates the following accusative phrase with the preceding relative clause/content. |
| 18 | Ἰθώμην | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φασιν | obj | medium | Accusative continuation, elliptical after φασιν ἔχειν. |
| 19 | κλιμακόεσσαν | κλιμακόεις | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 Ἰθώμην | amod | high | |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high |
Hom. Il. 2.729 ἐς τοῦτο τὸ πόλισμα ἀνῳκίζοντο, ἐπεκτείνοντες τὸν ἀρχαῖον περίβολον ἔρυμα εἶναι πᾶσιν αὔταρκες.
The citation tokens are non-syntactic metadata. In the Greek clause, ἐπεκτείνοντες introduces a concurrent participial construction; εἶναι with ἔρυμα αὔταρκες forms an infinitival predicate, though its governing relation is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation Hom.; tokenization splits the Latin letters. |
| 2 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation Hom. |
| 3 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation Hom. |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 H | punct | high | |
| 5 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 0 ROOT | dep | low | Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation Il.; tokenization splits the Latin letters. |
| 6 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 5 I | flat | low | Fragment of bibliographic abbreviation Il. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 I | punct | high | |
| 8 | 2.729 | 2.729 | X | _ | _ | 5 I | appos | low | Bibliographic citation, not an ordinary syntactic token. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 12 πόλισμα | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 10 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 πόλισμα | det | high | Demonstrative modifying πόλισμα. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S-sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 πόλισμα | det | high | Article with πόλισμα. |
| 12 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | S-sna | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀνῳκίζοντο | obl | high | Object of ἐς with motion toward. |
| 13 | ἀνῳκίζοντο | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V3piie | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect middle; spelling/augmented form is orthographically variant. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀνῳκίζοντο | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἐπεκτείνοντες | ἐπεκτείνω | VERB | V-ppampn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀνῳκίζοντο | advcl | high | Concurrent circumstantial participle agreeing with the implicit subject. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-sam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 περίβολον | det | high | |
| 17 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-sam | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 περίβολον | amod | high | |
| 18 | περίβολον | περίβολος | NOUN | S-sam | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐπεκτείνοντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπεκτείνοντες. |
| 19 | ἔρυμα | ἔρυμα | NOUN | S-sna | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Predicate subject of εἶναι in the infinitival clause. |
| 20 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--pan | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἐπεκτείνοντες | xcomp | medium | Infinitive with omitted/implicit governing construction; ἔρυμα is its subject and αὔταρκες its predicate. |
| 21 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-dpad | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 αὔταρκες | obl | high | Dative of reference with αὔταρκες; substantival/adjectival usage. |
| 22 | αὔταρκες | αὔταρκης | ADJ | A-snn | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἔρυμα. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀνῳκίζοντο | punct | high |
ἦν δὲ τὸ χωρίον καὶ ἄλλως ἐχυρόν· ἡ γὰρ Ἰθώμη μεγέθει τε οὐδενὸς ἀποδεῖ τῶν ὀρῶν ὁπόσα ἐντός ἐστιν ἰσθμοῦ καὶ δύσβατος κατὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἦν.
Two coordinated clauses: χωρίον is subject with predicate ἐχυρόν; Ἰθώμη is subject of ἀποδεῖ and ἦν, with ὀρῶν dependent on οὐδενός and ὁπόσα modifying ὄρη. The final καὶ δύσβατος coordinates a second predicate adjective of Ἰθώμη; κατὰ τοῦτο marks the respect/cause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 4 χωρίον | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 χωρίον | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 χωρίον | det | high | |
| 4 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐχυρόν | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἐχυρόν | advmod | high | |
| 7 | ἐχυρόν | ἐχυρός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 χωρίον | xcomp | high | |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 χωρίον | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ἰθώμη | det | high | |
| 10 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Ἰθώμη | cc | high | |
| 11 | Ἰθώμη | Ἰθώμη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀποδεῖ | obl | high | Dative of respect: 'in size'. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 μεγέθει | cc | medium | Correlative τε is structurally loose; joins the size statement to the following predicate. |
| 14 | οὐδενὸς | οὐδείς | PRON | P-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀποδεῖ | obl | high | Partitive/comparative genitive: 'of none'. |
| 15 | ἀποδεῖ | ἀποδέω | VERB | V3SPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 ἦν | conj | medium | Impersonal/comparative construction: μεγέθει ... οὐδενὸς ἀποδεῖ, 'falls short of none'. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ὀρῶν | det | high | |
| 17 | ὀρῶν | ὄρος | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 οὐδενὸς | nmod | high | Genitive complement within the comparison: 'of the mountains'. |
| 18 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ὀρῶν | acl:relcl | medium | Relative quantifier modifying ὄρη; its copular clause is elliptic. |
| 19 | ἐντός | ἐντός | ADV | D | _ | 20 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Adverb used with genitive ἰσθμοῦ. |
| 20 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ὁπόσα | cop | high | Elliptic copula with ὁπόσα as subject/predicate element. |
| 21 | ἰσθμοῦ | ἰσθμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐντός | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐντός. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 δύσβατος | cc | high | |
| 23 | δύσβατος | δύσβατος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective coordinated with the preceding predicate. |
| 24 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 25 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 25 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-NSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 δύσβατος | obl | high | Accusative after κατά: 'in this respect/on this account'. |
| 26 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | _ | 23 δύσβατος | advmod | high | |
| 27 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 4 χωρίον | parataxis | medium | Second clause coordinated/paratactic to the first; subject Ἰθώμη is shared. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 ἦν | punct | high |