Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 4.9.2

Sentence 3

4.9.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 28
Input: 830
Output: 2,110
Total: 2,940

ἦν δὲ τὸ χωρίον καὶ ἄλλως ἐχυρόν· ἡ γὰρ Ἰθώμη μεγέθει τε οὐδενὸς ἀποδεῖ τῶν ὀρῶν ὁπόσα ἐντός ἐστιν ἰσθμοῦ καὶ δύσβατος κατὰ τοῦτο μάλιστα ἦν.

The syntax is two coordinated/explanatory clauses: an initial statement with predicative ἐχυρόν, followed by a γάρ-clause explaining why Ithome was especially hard to cross; the genitive/measure phrase with ἀποδεῖ and the relative clause ὁπόσα ἐντός ἐστιν ἰσθμοῦ are the most difficult parts.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἦν	εἰμί	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main copular/auxiliary verb of first clause.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	1 ἦν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 χωρίον	det	high	Article with χωρίον.
4	χωρίον	χωρίον	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἦν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἦν.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	6 ἄλλως	cc	high	Connects adverbial modifier.
6	ἄλλως	ἄλλως	ADV	D	_	7 ἐχυρόν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἐχυρόν.
7	ἐχυρόν	ἐχυρός	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective with ἦν; analysis as xcomp/predicative complement.
8	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἦν	punct	high	Middle punctuation.
9	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 Ἰθώμη	det	high	Article with Ἰθώμη.
10	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G	_	15 ἀποδεῖ	discourse	high	Explanatory particle introducing causal clause.
11	Ἰθώμη	Ἰθώμη	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἀποδεῖ	nsubj	high	Subject of ἀποδεῖ.
12	μεγέθει	μέγεθος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 ἀποδεῖ	obl	medium	Dative of respect/measure with ἀποδεῖ.
13	τε	τε	PART	G	_	12 μεγέθει	discourse	low	Enclitic connective particle; attachment somewhat uncertain.
14	οὐδενὸς	οὐδείς	PRON	A-NSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 ὀρῶν	det	high	Genitive modifier of ὀρῶν? Morphology of form is genitive singular neuter; function in phrase is partitive/comparative with ἀποδεῖ.
15	ἀποδεῖ	ἀποδέω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	27 ἦν	advcl	medium	Finite explanatory clause dependent on ἦν; could also be coordinated with first clause.
16	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ὀρῶν	det	high	Article with ὀρῶν.
17	ὀρῶν	ὄρος	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἀποδεῖ	obl	medium	Genitive with ἀποδεῖ, likely comparative/partitive sense.
18	ὁπόσα	ὁπόσος	PRON	R-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	20 ἐστιν	obj	high	Object of ἐστιν within relative clause.
19	ἐντός	ἐντός	ADV	D	_	20 ἐστιν	advmod	high	Adverbial modifier of ἐστιν.
20	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 ὁπόσα	acl:relcl	high	Verb of the relative clause modifying ὁπόσα.
21	ἰσθμοῦ	ἰσθμός	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἐντός	obl	medium	Genitive complement with ἐντός, indicating 'within the isthmus'.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	23 δύσβατος	cc	high	Joins second predicate adjective.
23	δύσβατος	δύσβατος	ADJ	A-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Predicative adjective with ἦν; gender as transmitted aligns with Ἰθώμη.
24	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R	_	25 τοῦτο	case	high	Preposition governing τοῦτο.
25	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	PD-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 δύσβατος	obl	high	Prepositional complement of δύσβατος.
26	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D	_	23 δύσβατος	advmod	high	Degree adverb modifying δύσβατος.
27	ἦν	εἰμί	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of second clause.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἦν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Passage 4.9.2