Grammar parses for passage 4.9.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐχόντων δὲ ἀθύμως τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὡς Λυκίσκον ἀποδράντα ᾔσθοντο, ἐνταῦθά σφισιν Ἀριστόδημος ἀνὴρ καὶ γένους τοῦ Αἰπυτιδῶν καὶ Λυκίσκου τῇ τε ἄλλῃ δόξῃ καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἐπιφανέστερος ἐδίδου τὴν θυγατέρα ἑκὼν θῦσαι.
Genitive absolute ἐχόντων ... ᾔσθοντο introduces the circumstance that the Messenians were dispirited when they learned of Lyciscus's escape; Ἀριστόδημος is subject of ἐδίδου, with θῦσαι complementary infinitive and τὴν θυγατέρα its object. ἀνὴρ and the following genitives/participial phrase elaborate the subject; ἐπιφανέστερος is a comparative predicate complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 ᾔσθοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἐχόντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀθύμως | ἄθυμος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ἐχόντων | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐχόντων. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐχόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of genitive-absolute participle. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ᾔσθοντο | mark | medium | Introduces temporal/content clause with ᾔσθοντο. |
| 7 | Λυκίσκον | Λυκίσκος | PROPN | NeSM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδράντα | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of participle in indirect discourse. |
| 8 | ἀποδράντα | ἀποδιδράσκω | VERB | V-AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ᾔσθοντο | ccomp | medium | Accusative participial complement dependent on ᾔσθοντο. |
| 9 | ᾔσθοντο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | V-AIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 30 ἐδίδου | advcl | high | Finite verb in temporal subordinate clause. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ᾔσθοντο | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 30 ἐδίδου | advmod | high | Locative/scene-setting adverb. |
| 12 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 30 ἐδίδου | iobj | high | Dative recipient with ἐδίδου. |
| 13 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | NeSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐδίδου | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδίδου. |
| 14 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀριστόδημος | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 γένους | cc | high | |
| 16 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀνὴρ | nmod | high | Partitive/description genitive with ἀνήρ. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 γένους | det | high | |
| 18 | Αἰπυτιδῶν | Αἰπυτίδης | PROPN | Ne-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 16 γένους | nmod | high | Genitive specifying γένους. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 Λυκίσκου | cc | high | |
| 20 | Λυκίσκου | Λυκίσκος | PROPN | NeSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 γένους | nmod | high | Coordinated genitive specifying lineage. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 δόξῃ | det | high | |
| 22 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 δόξῃ | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 23 | ἄλλῃ | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 δόξῃ | amod | high | |
| 24 | δόξῃ | δόξα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπιφανέστερος | obl | high | Dative of respect. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 26 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the second respect phrase. |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἐπιφανέστερος | obl | medium | Substantivized article with ἐς πόλεμον. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 28 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 τὰ | obl | high | Object of ἐς in substantivized phrase. |
| 29 | ἐπιφανέστερος | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-NSM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐδίδου | xcomp | high | Comparative predicate complement of Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 30 | ἐδίδου | δίδωμι | VERB | V-IIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 31 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 θυγατέρα | det | high | |
| 32 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 θῦσαι | obj | high | Object of θῦσαι. |
| 33 | ἑκὼν | ἑκών | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐδίδου | advcl | high | Predicative circumstantial participial adjective, ‘willingly’. |
| 34 | θῦσαι | θύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 30 ἐδίδου | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἐδίδου. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐδίδου | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἀνθρώπων καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τὸ πρόθυμον ἡ πεπρωμένη κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐπικρύπτει καὶ εἰ ψηφῖδα ἐπιλαβοῦσα ἰλὺς ποταμοῦ, ὅπου καὶ τότε Ἀριστοδήμῳ διασώσασθαι Μεσσήνην ἀγώνισμα ποιουμένῳ τὸ ἐμπόδιον ἐπήγαγε τοιόνδε.
The main predicate is ἡ πεπρωμένη ... ἐπικρύπτει, with coordinated objects τὰ ... and τὸ πρόθυμον; the εἰ-clause introduces a circumstantial example, whose subject ἰλύς is modified by ἐπιλαβοῦσα ψηφῖδα. In the temporal-relative clause, Ἀριστοδήμῳ is dative with διασώσασθαι, while ποιουμένῳ agrees with it and ἐπήγαγε has τὸ ἐμπόδιον as object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T----NPA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter article/adjectival phrase; coordinated with τὸ πρόθυμον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 τὰ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on substantivized τὰ: human affairs/things. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 τὰ | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects. |
| 5 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 6 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 8 πρόθυμον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying πρόθυμον. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πρόθυμον | det | high | |
| 8 | πρόθυμον | πρόθυμος | ADJ | A----NSA- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | obj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective, coordinated semantically with τὰ. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 πεπρωμένη | det | high | |
| 10 | πεπρωμένη | πορεύω | VERB | VPRPPNSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | nsubj | medium | Perfect passive participle, lexicalized as μοῖρα/fortune; lemma and nominalization are uncertain. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 12 | ταὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P---NAP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | obl | high | Crasis of τὰ αὐτά; adverbial phrase 'in the same way'. |
| 13 | ἐπικρύπτει | ἐπικρύπτω | VERB | V-PIA-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 ἐπήγαγε | cc | medium | Introduces the conditional/example clause. |
| 15 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 ἐπήγαγε | mark | high | |
| 16 | ψηφῖδα | ψηφίς | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπιλαβοῦσα | obj | high | |
| 17 | ἐπιλαβοῦσα | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAPN-SF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἰλὺς | acl | high | Agrees with ἰλύς; circumstantial participle. |
| 18 | ἰλὺς | ἰλύς | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐπήγαγε | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἰλὺς | nmod | high | |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐπιλαβοῦσα | punct | high | |
| 21 | ὅπου | ὅπου | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 31 ἐπήγαγε | advmod | medium | Locative/temporal relative adverb, referring to the circumstance just described. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 τότε | cc | high | |
| 23 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 31 ἐπήγαγε | advmod | high | |
| 24 | Ἀριστοδήμῳ | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N--DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 διασώσασθαι | iobj | medium | Dative associated with the infinitive διασώσασθαι; may be construed as its beneficiary/agent-like participant. |
| 25 | διασώσασθαι | διασώζω | VERB | V-AMN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 27 ἀγώνισμα | xcomp | medium | Infinitive dependent on ποιουμένῳ, expressing the undertaking/aim. |
| 26 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N---ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 διασώσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 27 | ἀγώνισμα | ἀγώνισμα | NOUN | N----NSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐπήγαγε | obj | high | Object of ποιουμένῳ in the sense 'making it a contest/undertaking'. |
| 28 | ποιουμένῳ | ποιέω | VERB | V-PPMDSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 31 ἐπήγαγε | advcl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἀριστοδήμῳ. |
| 29 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 ἐμπόδιον | det | high | |
| 30 | ἐμπόδιον | ἐμπόδιος | ADJ | A----NSA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐπήγαγε | obj | high | Substantivized adjective: the obstacle. |
| 31 | ἐπήγαγε | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | conj | medium | Finite verb of the εἰ-clause; coordinated with the main predicate, with conditional scope. |
| 32 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A----NSA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 30 ἐμπόδιον | amod | high | Predicative/qualifying adjective modifying ἐμπόδιον. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | punct | high |