Grammar parses for passage 4.9.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐχόντων δὲ ἀθύμως τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὡς Λυκίσκον ἀποδράντα ᾔσθοντο, ἐνταῦθά σφισιν Ἀριστόδημος ἀνὴρ καὶ γένους τοῦ Αἰπυτιδῶν καὶ Λυκίσκου τῇ τε ἄλλῃ δόξῃ καὶ τὰ ἐς πόλεμον ἐπιφανέστερος ἐδίδου τὴν θυγατέρα ἑκὼν θῦσαι.
The sentence has a genitive absolute up front and a compressed main clause with participial modification and an infinitival complement; ἐπιφανέστερος is best treated as predicative despite some syntactic ambiguity.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐχόντων | ἔχω | VERB | PAPMPG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ᾔσθοντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with τῶν Μεσσηνίων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 9 ᾔσθοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀθύμως | ἀθύμως | ADV | ADV | _ | 9 ᾔσθοντο | advmod | high | Modifies ἐχόντων / implicit state. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Article with Μεσσηνίων. |
| 5 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἐχόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ᾔσθοντο | mark | high | Introduces indirect causal/clausal content. |
| 7 | Λυκίσκον | Λυκίσκος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀποδράντα | obj | high | Object of ἀποδράντα. |
| 8 | ἀποδράντα | ἀποδιδράσκω | VERB | AAPMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ᾔσθοντο | advcl | high | Participial clause depending on ᾔσθοντο. |
| 9 | ᾔσθοντο | αἰσθάνομαι | VERB | AMI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ᾔσθοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἐνταῦθά | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 30 ἐδίδου | advmod | high | Locative adverb modifying ἐδίδου. |
| 12 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Pp3d | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 30 ἐδίδου | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/recipient; enclitic form. |
| 13 | Ἀριστόδημος | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐδίδου | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδίδου. |
| 14 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀριστόδημος | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 γένους | cc | high | Connects genitive modifiers. |
| 16 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | NNSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀριστόδημος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ἀριστόδημος. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 Αἰπυτιδῶν | det | medium | Article with Αἰπυτιδῶν; form is ambiguous in context. |
| 18 | Αἰπυτιδῶν | Αἰπυτίδαι | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 γένους | nmod | high | Genitive complement of γένους. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 Λυκίσκου | cc | high | Connects coordinated genitive complement. |
| 20 | Λυκίσκου | Λυκίσκος | PROPN | NNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 γένους | conj | high | Second genitive coordinated with Αἰπυτιδῶν. |
| 21 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 δόξῃ | det | high | Article with δόξῃ. |
| 22 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 21 τῇ | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective with paired καί. |
| 23 | ἄλλῃ | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 δόξῃ | amod | high | Attributive modifier of δόξῃ. |
| 24 | δόξῃ | δόξα | NOUN | NFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ἐδίδου | obl | high | Dative of respect/limitation. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 τὰ | cc | high | Connects second coordinated object phrase. |
| 26 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 29 ἐπιφανέστερος | det | high | Article with ἐς πόλεμον phrase. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 πόλεμον | case | high | Preposition governing πόλεμον. |
| 28 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | NMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 ἐπιφανέστερος | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἐπιφανέστερος. |
| 29 | ἐπιφανέστερος | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A--NSM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐδίδου | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective linked to subject; analysis somewhat uncertain. |
| 30 | ἐδίδου | δίδωμι | VERB | IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ᾔσθοντο | conj | high | Main clause verb coordinated/attached to the narrative sequence. |
| 31 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 θυγατέρα | det | high | Article with θυγατέρα. |
| 32 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | NFSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 θῦσαι | obj | medium | Likely object of an understood 'give' + infinitive phrase; syntax compressed. |
| 33 | ἑκὼν | ἑκών | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἐδίδου | advmod | high | Adverbial participial adjective meaning 'willingly'. |
| 34 | θῦσαι | θύω | VERB | AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 30 ἐδίδου | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ἐδίδου. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ᾔσθοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ ἀνθρώπων καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα τὸ πρόθυμον ἡ πεπρωμένη κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἐπικρύπτει καὶ εἰ ψηφῖδα ἐπιλαβοῦσα ἰλὺς ποταμοῦ, ὅπου καὶ τότε Ἀριστοδήμῳ διασώσασθαι Μεσσήνην ἀγώνισμα ποιουμένῳ τὸ ἐμπόδιον ἐπήγαγε τοιόνδε.
The sentence has two main clauses (ἐπικρύπτει / ἐπήγαγε) with a compressed conditional participial structure and an infinitival phrase (διασώσασθαι Μεσσήνην) that is syntactically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 πρόθυμον | det | high | Article modifying πρόθυμον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πρόθυμον | nmod | medium | Likely genitive dependent of τὰ πρόθυμον. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἥκιστα | cc | high | Connects with οὐχ ἥκιστα. |
| 5 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negation of superlative phrase. |
| 6 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | advmod | high | Adverbial intensifier modifying ἐπικρύπτει. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 πρόθυμον | det | high | Article modifying πρόθυμον. |
| 8 | πρόθυμον | πρόθυμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐπικρύπτει. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 πεπρωμένη | det | high | Article modifying πεπρωμένη. |
| 10 | πεπρωμένη | προορίζω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | nsubj | medium | Perfect middle/passive participle used substantively; lemma is inferential. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 12 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition with ταὐτά. |
| 12 | ταὐτὰ | ταὐτά | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | obl | high | Adverbial accusative: 'in the same way'. |
| 13 | ἐπικρύπτει | ἐπικρύπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | cc | high | Links coordinated clause/phrase with ἐπικρύπτει. |
| 15 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 31 ἐπήγαγε | mark | high | Introduces conditional clause. |
| 16 | ψηφῖδα | ψηφίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπιλαβοῦσα | obj | high | Object of ἐπιλαβοῦσα. |
| 17 | ἐπιλαβοῦσα | ἐπιλαμβάνω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ἰλὺς | advcl | medium | Concessive/conditional participial clause; subject is ἰλὺς. |
| 18 | ἰλὺς | ἰλύς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐπήγαγε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπήγαγε. |
| 19 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἰλὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἰλὺς. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπικρύπτει | punct | high | Comma. |
| 21 | ὅπου | ὅπου | ADV | _ | _ | 31 ἐπήγαγε | advmod | high | Introduces relative adverbial clause of place/time. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 τότε | cc | high | Connects with τότε. |
| 23 | τότε | τότε | ADV | _ | _ | 31 ἐπήγαγε | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἐπήγαγε. |
| 24 | Ἀριστοδήμῳ | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 διασώσασθαι | obl | high | Dative with infinitive. |
| 25 | διασώσασθαι | διασῴζω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 27 ἀγώνισμα | acl | medium | Infinitival clause dependent on ἀγώνισμα. |
| 26 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 διασώσασθαι | obj | high | Object of διασώσασθαι. |
| 27 | ἀγώνισμα | ἀγώνισμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐπήγαγε | obj | medium | Likely object/complement in the phrase with ποιουμένῳ; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 28 | ποιουμένῳ | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 31 ἐπήγαγε | obl | medium | Dative participle modifying implicit/expanded dative relation; likely linked to Ἀριστοδήμῳ. |
| 29 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 ἐμπόδιον | det | high | Article modifying ἐμπόδιον. |
| 30 | ἐμπόδιον | ἐμπόδιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐπήγαγε | obj | high | Object of ἐπήγαγε. |
| 31 | ἐπήγαγε | ἐπάγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the latter clause. |
| 32 | τοιόνδε | τοιοῦτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 ἐμπόδιον | amod | high | Demonstrative adjective modifying ἐμπόδιον. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐπήγαγε | punct | high | Full stop. |