Grammar parses for passage 4.9.8
Open translation for this passage
ξυγγενέσθαι τε τῇ παιδὶ καὶ κύειν ἐξ αὐτοῦ.
Elliptical infinitival coordination: ξυγγενέσθαι and κύειν are coordinated infinitives, with an understood governing verb and an understood subject; τῇ παιδί is the dative complement of ξυγγενέσθαι, while ἐξ αὐτοῦ modifies κύειν as the source of conception.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ξυγγενέσθαι | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V--AMN-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | First coordinated infinitive; exact governing relation is elliptical. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ξυγγενέσθαι | cc | high | Correlative/coordinating particle linking the two infinitives. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | D-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 παιδὶ | det | high | |
| 4 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N----DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ξυγγενέσθαι | obl | high | Dative complement of συγγίγνομαι. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 κύειν | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive with the first. |
| 6 | κύειν | κύω | VERB | V---PAN-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ξυγγενέσθαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive. |
| 7 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ἐκ before a vowel. |
| 8 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P------GM-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 6 κύειν | obl | high | Genitive source complement with ἐκ; referent is masculine. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ξυγγενέσθαι | punct | high |
τέλος δὲ ἐς τοσοῦτον Ἀριστόδημον προήγαγεν ὡς ἐκμανέντα ὑπὸ τοῦ θυμοῦ τὴν θυγατέρα ἀποκτεῖναι·
The result clause with ὡς has accusative-and-infinitive syntax: Ἀριστόδημον is the matrix object and accusative subject of ἀποκτεῖναι; ἐκμανέντα agrees with it and is governed by ὑπό.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέλος | τέλος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προήγαγεν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘finally’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 προήγαγεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | r-------- | _ | 4 τοσοῦτον | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | τοσοῦτον | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 προήγαγεν | obl | high | Extent accusative in ἐς τοσοῦτον. |
| 5 | Ἀριστόδημον | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 προήγαγεν | obj | high | Object of προήγαγεν and accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | προήγαγεν | προάγω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 7 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ἀποκτεῖναι | mark | high | Introduces the result/content infinitival clause. |
| 8 | ἐκμανέντα | ἐκμαίνομαι | VERB | v-sapama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἀποκτεῖναι | advcl | medium | Aorist active participle, agreeing with Ἀριστόδημον; exact syntactic attachment within the ὡς clause is somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 11 θυμοῦ | case | high | Introduces the agent/cause phrase. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 θυμοῦ | det | high | Article modifying θυμοῦ. |
| 11 | θυμοῦ | θυμός | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐκμανέντα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό with the participle. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | l-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 θυγατέρα | det | high | Article modifying θυγατέρα. |
| 13 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀποκτεῖναι | obj | high | Object of ἀποκτεῖναι. |
| 14 | ἀποκτεῖναι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | v--ana--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 προήγαγεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in the ὡς result/content construction. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 προήγαγεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
μετὰ δὲ ἀνέτεμνε καὶ ἐπεδείκνυεν αὐτὴν οὐκ ἔχουσαν ἐν γαστρί.
The coordinated imperfect verbs share αὐτήν as object of ἐπεδείκνυεν; αὐτήν is also the accusative subject of the supplementary participle ἔχουσαν, with ἐν γαστρί expressing what she did not have.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 ἀνέτεμνε | advmod | high | Postpositive preposition/adverbial marker; introduces no overt object here. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀνέτεμνε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνέτεμνε | ἀνατέμνω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect active indicative, third singular. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐπεδείκνυεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite verb. |
| 5 | ἐπεδείκνυεν | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 3 ἀνέτεμνε | conj | high | Imperfect active indicative coordinated with ἀνέτεμνε. |
| 6 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-AF-3S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐπεδείκνυεν | obj | high | Accusative feminine singular object of ἐπεδείκνυεν and accusative subject of the participial complement. |
| 7 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | negar | Polarity=Neg | 8 ἔχουσαν | advmod | high | Negative particle modifying the participle. |
| 8 | ἔχουσαν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐπεδείκνυεν | xcomp | high | Accusative present active participle, predicated of αὐτήν. |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 10 γαστρί | case | high | Preposition governing γαστρί. |
| 10 | γαστρί | γαστήρ | NOUN | N-D3S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχουσαν | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐν, locative circumstance with ἔχουσαν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀνέτεμνε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
παρὼν δὲ Ἐπήβολος ἐκέλευεν ἄλλον τινὰ τὸν θυγατέρα ἐπιδώσοντα γενέσθαι· τῆς γὰρ τοῦ Ἀριστοδήμου πλέον εἶναί σφισιν ἀποθανούσης οὐδέν·
The first clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction with γενέσθαι; the following clause is elliptical, with a genitive absolute and an infinitival complement whose syntax is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὼν | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἐκέλευεν | advcl | high | Present active participle, circumstantial. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐκέλευεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἐπήβολος | Ἐπήβολος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐκέλευεν | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἐκέλευεν | κελεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ἄλλον | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τινὰ | amod | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 6 | τινὰ | τις | PRON | PX-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 θυγατέρα | det | high | |
| 8 | θυγατέρα | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπιδώσοντα | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἐπιδώσοντα; article is discordant in transmitted text or reflects a textual issue. |
| 9 | ἐπιδώσοντα | ἐπιδίδωμι | VERB | V-FAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 10 γενέσθαι | acl | medium | Future participle expressing intended action; form agrees with τινά, not θυγατέρα. |
| 10 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 4 ἐκέλευεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of κελεύω. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐκέλευεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἀποθανούσης | det | high | |
| 13 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 οὐδέν | cc | high | |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Ἀριστοδήμου | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀποθανούσης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent within the genitive absolute. |
| 16 | πλέον | πλείων | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 εἶναί | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter comparative, subject of εἶναι. |
| 17 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 οὐδέν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in the explanatory clause. |
| 18 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | PX-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 16 πλέον | obl | medium | Dative of interest/advantage with πλέον εἶναι. |
| 19 | ἀποθανούσης | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 οὐδέν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; subject is τῆς, with Ἀριστοδήμου as dependent genitive. |
| 20 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | PX-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐκέλευεν | parataxis | medium | Elliptical main predicate/clause after semicolon; οὐδέν means ‘nothing’. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 οὐδέν | punct | high |
φονεῦσαι γὰρ τὸν πατέρα αὐτήν, θεοῖς δὲ οἷς ἡ Πυθία προσέταξεν οὐ θῦσαι.
Two coordinated infinitives are governed by an understood reporting or saying predicate: αὐτήν is the accusative subject of φονεῦσαι, while the relative clause οἷς ἡ Πυθία προσέταξεν is embedded around the second infinitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φονεῦσαι | φονεύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated infinitival predicate. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PTCL | _ | 1 φονεῦσαι | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πατέρα | det | high | |
| 4 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 φονεῦσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object of the infinitive; understood subject is αὐτήν. |
| 5 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 φονεῦσαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive, with reflexive-like personal reference. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φονεῦσαι | punct | high | |
| 7 | θεοῖς | θεός | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 θῦσαι | obl | high | Dative with θῦσαι, indicating the gods to whom sacrifice is offered. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 14 θῦσαι | cc | high | Connective particle introducing the second infinitive. |
| 9 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | R-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 12 προσέταξεν | iobj | medium | Relative pronoun, dative plural, referring to θεοῖς; construed with προσέταξεν. |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Πυθία | det | high | |
| 11 | Πυθία | Πυθία | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 προσέταξεν | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | προσέταξεν | προστάσσω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 14 θῦσαι | advcl | medium | Finite relative-clause predicate; its clause modifies οἷς and relates to θῦσαι. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTCL | Polarity=Neg | 14 θῦσαι | advmod | high | Negates θῦσαι. |
| 14 | θῦσαι | θύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 1 φονεῦσαι | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitival predicate. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φονεῦσαι | punct | high |